大尺寸矩形断面超声变幅杆固有频率的研究

超声变幅杆是功率超声技术中换能器振动系统的一个重要组成部分,本文利用表观弹性法研究了大尺寸矩形断面超声变幅杆的耦合振动,推出了常用的几种单一变幅杆(指数形,圆锥形,悬链线及阶梯形)的频率设计公式,为大尺寸矩形变幅杆的频率设计及计算提供了一种简单易行的方法,实验表明,利用本文公式设计的大尺寸矩形断面变幅杆,实测共振频率与理论计算频率基本一致,与一维振动理论的结果相比,利用耦合振动理论得出的变幅杆共振频率更加接近于测量值。     

斜槽式单激励纵扭超声变幅杆设计*

为实现在纵向单激励超声振动输入条件下获得纵扭谐振输出,提出一种基于声波传播理论为基础设计阶梯型变幅杆,并在其小端增加沿中心轴均布6斜槽的圆环传振杆的方案：首先数值计算进行理论设计,然后使用有限元进行分析修正,最后确定变幅杆尺寸。结果表明：理论设计谐振频率20kHz,仿真分析在19457Hz时变幅杆能够实现纵扭谐振;根据仿真结果制作变幅杆,阻抗测试结果谐振频率为19884Hz,与理论值、仿真值误差较小;在输入端加载幅值为5μm的纵向单激励超声振动,测试输出端截面圆周上任意一点,其切向和纵向振幅分别为12.7μm和8.5μm,表明变幅杆实现了纵扭谐振且振幅增强。     

纵-扭复合振动模式指数型复合超声变幅杆的研究

本文对指数型纵－扭复合振动模式的复合超声变幅杆进行了理论及实验研究，该变幅杆由均匀截面直棒及指数型截面杆组成。文中推出了变幅杆中纵向振动及扭转振动的共振频率方程，通过发迹指数型变截面棒的截面变化规律，实现了同一变幅杆中纵向振动与扭转振动的同频共振。     

抗性负载超声变幅杆振动特性研究

在负载为纯力抗的状况下，利用纵振型变幅杆等效四端网络，对频率方程和放大系数进行了研究．得到了三类常用变幅杆频率方程和放大系数的表达式；并通过MATLAB编程，分别绘制了三类变幅杆共振频率及放大系数随负载变化的曲线图．这将对超声变幅杆的研究和设计提供一定的理论依据．     

大截面超声变幅杆的近似设计理论

木文研究了大截面圆形变幅杆的设计问题,通过引进变幅杆的等效半径,利用表观弹性法理论,分析了圆锥形、指数形及悬链线形三种常用变幅杆的耦合振动,给出了适用于工程应用的近似设计及计算公式.理论计算及实验表明,利用近似理论计算设计大截面变幅杆,物理意义明显,计算简单,利用计算器便可迅速得出所需数据。与一维理论的计算结果相比,考虑径向振动后所得到的大截面变幅杆的谐振频率更接近于实际测量值,并且设计频率与测量频率之间的误差也完全满足工程上的要求.     

带有锥形孔的复合变幅杆设计及动态分析

在超声振动拉丝加工过程中,为了实现线材的顺利拉拔,需要应用带有锥形孔的复合变幅杆。为此,本文基于等效四端网络与传输矩阵法,建立了带锥形孔圆锥变幅杆的传输矩阵,推导出带锥形孔圆锥过渡复合变幅杆的频率方程的一般公式。根据推导出的频率方程,应用区间搜索法和牛顿迭代法获取了准确的数值解,实现了该复合变幅杆的纵向振动。之后,应用有限元软件Ansys对设计出的复合变幅杆分别进行模态分析和动力学特性分析,获得了各段不同长度下复合变幅杆谐振频率、放大系数以及最大应力值的变化规律。最后,对制造出的复合变幅杆进行阻抗与振动性能测试,结果表明其频率准确,且振幅比较稳定。     

性能可调的纵向振动圆锥形超声变幅杆*

提出了一种基于压电效应的性能可调纵向振动圆锥形超声变幅杆,并对其振动性能进行了研究。该变幅杆由传统的圆锥形超声变幅杆和压电陶瓷材料组合而成。论文研究了圆锥变幅杆中压电陶瓷材料的厚度、位置以及电阻抗的改变对变幅杆性能参数的影响,并进行了数值模拟仿真及实验验证。结果表明,通过改变压电陶瓷材料的厚度、位置和电阻抗值,可以实现变幅杆共振频率和位移放大系数的改变。理论计算结果与数值模拟值和实验测试值符合得很好。     

工具杆几何尺寸对超声扭转振动特性的影响

依据四端网络理论，利用机电类比方法，研究了具有类圆锥过度段的复合阶梯型变幅杆的扭转共振频率和与之相连接的工具杆的几何尺寸之间的变化关系，理论和实验符合的较好，为超声扭转加工振动系统的设计提供了参考依据。     

粗细端等长阶梯形变幅杆的有限元分析

本文利用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究了一组粗细端截面积比不同的阶梯形变幅杆，得出了每个变幅杆的第一阶和第三阶谐振频率、粗细端分界面的相对位移和振幅放大系数。结果表明：ANSYS仿真值与实测值的平均偏差仅为0．3％，远小于常用式解析值与实测值的偏差；变幅杆粗细端分界面的运动类似受牵引的薄膜运动；而振幅放大系数与面积比成正比的结论可扩展到粗细端截面积比为100的情况。     

计及横向耦合的振幅变换器的计算

本文从弹性理论的普遍方程出发,用伴随法求解了轴对称变幅杆的振动模式。因为没有忽略横向耦合的影响,故用本法的计算结果不受横向尺寸的限制。作为用例,我们用本法计算了三种尺寸的指数式变幅杆的谐振频率,所得结果似比一维理论的计算结果更接近于实测。本法的另一优点是可以用来计算其他非指数型的变幅杆,例如高斯型杆、抛物线型杆等。关于本法的适用范围问题,还有待于进一步的研究。     

Investigations of the barbell ultrasonic transducer operated in the full-wave vibrational mode

In this paper, the resonance frequency equation and expression of displacement amplitude magnifications of a full-wave barber ultrasonic horn are obtained. By discussing the relationships between the displacement amplitude magnifications and the geometrical dimensions, the optimized design of the horn for the largest magnification is proposed, which is helpful to improve the radiation power and the transfer efficiency of the acoustic energy of the ultrasonic oscillatory system. Based on the optimized design of the horn, we introduced a barbell ultrasonic transducer operated in the longitudinal full-wave vibrational model and obtained the resonance frequency equations. For comparison, the resonance frequencies of the full-wave barbell horn and the full-wave barbell transducer are also analyzed by finite element method (FEM). It is shown that the values obtained by theoretical analysis and FEM are in good agreement with experimental observations. We hope that the research of this paper is helpful for the use of the barbell horn and transducer in the applications such as ultrasonic liquid processing.     

旋转超声磨削平行砂轮复合变幅器设计与试验

为了获得大负载平行砂轮复合变幅器的设计方法,将复合变幅器简化为复合变幅杆与多阶环盘组成.利用Mindlin中厚板理论,求解了各振动环盘的位移、转角、弯矩和剪力解析表达式,通过复合变幅杆各振动单元间的力、位移的边界条件和连续条件,以及复合变幅杆和环盘两者结构间力与位移的耦合条件,建立了复合变幅器的数学模型和频率方程.针对...     

使用Inventor软件的超声变幅杆模态分析

使用Inventor软件建立超声变幅杆三维实体模型,并利用软件中集成的ANSYS有限元分析模块对其进行了模态分析,得到变幅杆各阶振型和纵向振动固有频率。分析结果表明,固有频率的模态分析值与实测值接近。Inventor软件将形状设计与力学分析集为一体,方便了变幅杆的设计。     

模式转换型超声塑焊振动系统的设计

基于弯曲振动理论和耦合振动理论,设计了一种新型大尺寸筒形超声塑焊振动系统。该振动系统由纵向振动换能器及变幅杆、弯曲振动金属圆盘和耦合振动圆筒四部分组成。换能器和变幅杆的纵向振动驱动圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动,圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动激励圆筒的纵向模式振动,实现了工具头在较高频率下谐振。实验结果表明,振动系统的测试频率与计算频率比较符合,在大信号下测试的纵-弯-纵振动模式转换效果很好。研究结果为高频大尺寸超声焊接系统的设计提供了思路。      

圆锥型复合变幅杆优化及动力学特性

针对应用传统解析法设计复合变幅杆过于繁琐的问题,提出采用简便、有效的微积法对圆锥复合变幅杆进行设计,之后通过Ansys软件对其结构进行有限元分析。此外,基于Ansys优化设计功能对变幅杆进行优化修整,对优化前后变幅杆进行阻抗分析和振动性能测试,测试结果表明优化后变幅杆振动效果更佳。最后,应用Ansys软件对变幅杆进行动力学特性分析,得到了不同直径、不同面积系数下变幅杆放大系数、最大应力值,并对仿真结果进行分析后得出了其动力学参数与大端直径及面积系数之间的关系。     

Enhanced vibration performance of ultrasonic block horns

Block horns are tuned components designed to vibrate in a longitudinal mode at a low ultrasonic frequency. Reliable performance of such horns is normally associated with the amplitude of vibration, uniformity of vibration amplitude at the working surface and the avoidance of modal participation by non-tuned modes at the operating frequency. In order to maximise vibration amplitude uniformity, standard slotting configurations are included in the horn design. However, defining a slotted block geometry which guarantees sufficient tuned frequency isolation from nearby modes as well as high amplitude and amplitude uniformity, is not straightforward. This paper discusses horn configurations which satisfy these criteria and investigates the design requirements of block horns which operate as intermediate components in ultrasonic systems, where the block horn dominates the vibration behaviour of the system. The importance of mode shape characterisation is discussed and modes are classified using experimental data from 3D laser Doppler vibrometer measurements and finite element analysis. In particular, the role of additional fine slots and castellations are studied with reference to two distinct ultrasonic applications involving a similar block horn.     

A basic hybrid finite element formulation for mid-frequency analysis of beams connected at an arbitrary angle

When beams are connected at an arbitrary angle and subjected to an external excitation, both longitudinal and bending waves are generated in the system. Since longitudinal wavelengths are considerably longer than bending wavelengths in the mid-frequency region, the number of bending wavelengths in the beams is considerably larger than the number of longitudinal wavelengths. In this paper, plannar beams connected at arbitrary angles are considered. The energy finite element analysis (EFEA) is employed for modelling the bending behavior of the beams and the conventional finite element analysis (FEA) is utilized for modelling the longitudinal vibration in the beams. Thus, a basic hybrid FEA formulation is presented for mid-frequency analysis of systems that contain two types of energy. The bending vibration is associated with the long members in the system and the longitudinal vibration is associated with the short members. The long members are considered to have high modal overlap and to contain several wavelengths within their dimension, and uncertainty effects are present. The short members contain a small number of wavelengths, and exhibit a low modal overlap. Due to the low modal overlap the resonant frequencies are spaced far apart in the frequency domain, therefore the short members exhibit resonant or non-resonant behavior depending on the frequency of the excitation.In this work, the bending and the longitudinal vibration within the same beam member are treated as a long and as a short member, respectively. A hybrid joint formulation is developed between long and short members. Power reflection and transmission coefficients are derived for each joint. The distribution of the energy throughout the system demonstrates a strong dependency on the power transfer coefficients. Several systems are analyzed by the hybrid FEA and by analytical solutions, and good correlation between them is observed.     

矩形辐射器压电多频超声换能器的研究

研究了一种具有多个共振频率的矩形辐射器夹心式超声换能器,换能器由圆柱形后盖板、压电陶瓷晶堆及矩形六面体辐射器前盖板组合而成。利用表观弹性法和一维近似理论给出了多频换能器横向及纵向理论共振频率方程。对一种特殊情况下的此类换能器进行了有限元及实验分析,给出了各自的频率输入导纳曲线。对理论和实验结果进行分析后表明,此类矩形辐射器夹心式超声换能器可以在不同的振动模态上工作,具有多个共振频率.