亚硝基苯与甲醛的反应机理和溶剂效应的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法RB3LYP/6-311＋＋G(d,p)研究了亚硝基苯与甲醛在单重态势能面上分别在气相和溶剂中的反应机理. 找到两条反应通道: 协同机理和分步机理, 均生成实验产物N-苯基氧肟酸C6H5NOHCHO. 计算结果表明: 亚硝基苯与甲醛在气相中分步机理为主要通道. 采用导电极化连续介质模型研究了反应体系在水、乙醇、乙腈、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、环己烷溶液中反应的溶剂化效应, 这些溶剂可降低反应的活化能, 但反应对溶剂的极性不敏感. 无论在气相还是溶剂中, 亚硝基苯与甲醛的分步机理为优势通道.     

烷基氟化物消除氟化氢反应的取代基效应-2

The substituent effect of the 1-1 elimination reaction of hydrogen fluoride from ethyl fluoride have been studied by ab initio method at the HF/3-21G level. The reactants are CH_3CH_2F, CH_3CHF_2, CH_2FCH_2F, CH_3CH_2CH_2F, CH_3CHFCH_3, CH_3CHFCN, CH_2CNCH_2F, CH_2NH_2CH_2F, CH_3CHFNH_2 and their reaction barriers are 369.5, 433.5, 306.9, 365.6, 357.3, 354.1, 383.2, 370.3, 250.3 kJ·mo1~(-1) respectively. It can be concluded that the 1-1 elimination reaction of CH3_CHFNH_2 is the easiest to proceed. This conclusion can be rationalized by its characteristic transition state geometry.     

过氧草酸酯结构和取代基对其化学发光的影响

通过单晶测定和理论研究阐述了过氧草酸酯化学发光中取代基的影响.几种典型的芳基草酸酯所观察的化学发光效率随着羰基碳原子的正电荷增加而递增.通过电子密度函数的计算印证了芳基草酸酯对过氧化氢亲核进攻的活泼性.     

Substituent effects on the redox potentials of dihydroxybenzenes: theoretical and experimental study

The redox reactions of p-hydroquinone and pyrocatechol undergo a two-proton-two-electron process in aqueous solution. We calculated their redox potentials at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level, and verified the values by employing cyclic voltammetry experiments. Then we selected seven substituent groups (–F, –Cl, –OH, –COOH, –CN, –NH₂, and –NO₂ groups) to systematically investigate the substituent effect, including the sort, position, and number of the substituent, on the redox potentials of p-hydroquinone and pyrocatechol. The calculated results show that –NH₂ and –OH groups can decrease the redox potentials, while –F, –Cl, –COOH, –CN, and –NO₂ groups increase the potential values of p-hydroquinone and pyrocatechol. The calculations can accurately predict the substituent effects on the redox potentials of pyrocatechol and p-hydroquinone. We would expect that the accurate calculation results for the model systems could be applied in the prediction of electrode potentials of other molecules.     

Substituent effect of halogen (F, Cl and Br) on uracil tetrad: A theoretical study

In this paper, the substituted uracil tetrad XU4 (X=F, Cl and Br) where X replace the H atoms at five sites of uracils have been investigated using density functional theory method. Geometries, energies and electrostatic potential energy surfaces have been discussed in detail. The outcomes show that when XU take place of U, the preferred symmetry of the tetrad changed from C₄ to S₄. Stabilization energies indicate that the XU substituted tetrads becomes more and more unstable as from F to Br. ESP maps suggest that U4 could bind a cation while XU4 could not. All the tetrads adopt a nonplanar structure that is not suitable for stacking.     

硫代乙酰胺光化学反应机理的理论研究

用B3LYP, MP2和CASSCF方法, 采用cc-pVDZ和6-31++G**基组, 研究了硫代乙酰胺在基态和最低三态上消除硫化氢以及其它光解离反应, 并考虑了单个溶剂分子参与反应对质子迁移反应的影响, 得到了消除硫化氢反应的反应机理, 计算结果可以很好地解释实验结果. 进而用CASSCF方法计算了第一激发单态上的各驻点, 以及各交叉点. 计算结果表明, 在S1和T1态上发生除分子内转动以外的化学反应的可能性比较小, 当分子被激发到S2态上时, 将通过S2/S1交叉点到S1态, 在S1态上的分子有两条途径去活化, 通过S1/S0交叉点到热基态, 通过S1/T1交叉点系间窜越到T1态. 因而得出CH3CSNH2发生光解离反应的可能性不大. 基于此, 可将硫代酰胺结构引入蛋白或多肽中, 有望在不破坏分子整体结构的情况下对其进行光化学研究.     

2(1H)-吡啶酮互变异构体系取代效应的理论计算

取代的2（1H）-吡啶酮团类化合物常具有诱人的生物活性[1，2]．由于其酮式和醇式结构的互变异构化性质，确定互变异构平衡体系中的优势结构及研究取代基对平衡体系的影响，对阐明该类化合物的构效关系有着重要的意义．实验发现2（1H）-吡啶酮的6-位H被取代后对其互变异构平衡有     

Theoretical Investigation on Mechanism,Thermochemistry, and Kinetics of the Gas-phase Reaction of 2-Propargyl Radical with Formaldehyde

Gas-phase mechanism and kinetics of the reactions of the 2-propargyl radical(H2CCCH), an important intermediate in combustion processes, with formaldehyde were investigated using ab initio molecular orbital theory at the coupled-cluster CCSD(T)//B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p) method in conjunction with transition state theory(TST), variational transition state theory(VTST) and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus(RRKM) calculations for rate constants. The potential energy surface(PES) constructed shows that the H2CCCH+HCHO reaction has six main entrances, including two H-abstraction and four additional channels, in which the former is energetically more favorable. The H-abstraction channels slide down to two quite weak pre-complexes COM-01(-9.3 kJ/mol) and COM-02(-kJ/mol) before going via energy barriers of 71.3(T0/P1) and 63.9 kJ/mol(T0/P2), respectively. Two post-complexes, COM-1(-17.8 kJ/mol) and COM-2(-23.4 kJ/mol) created just after coming out from T0/P1 and T0/P2, respectively, can easily be decomposed via barrier-less processes yielding H2CCCH2+CHO(P1,-12.4 kJ/mol) and HCCCH3+CHO(P2,-16.5 kJ/mol), respectively. The additional channels occur initially by formation of four intermediate states, H2CCCHCH2O(I1, 1.1 kJ/mol), HCCCH2CH2O(I3, 4.5 kJ/mol), H2CCCHOCH2(I4, 10.2 kJ/mol), and HCCCH2OCH2(I6, 19.1 kJ/mol) via energy barriers of 66.3, 59.2, 112.2, and 98.6 kJ/mol at T0/1, T0/3, TOM, and TO/6, respectively. Of which two channels producing 14 and 16 can be ignored due to coming over tlie high barriers TOM and TO/6, respectively. The rate constants and product branching ratios for the low-energy channels calculated show that the H2CCCH+HCHO reaction is almost pressure-independent. Altliough the H2CCCH+HCHO→Ⅰ1 and H2CCCH+HCHO→Ⅰ3 channels become dominant at low temperature, however, they are less competitive channels at high temperature.     

三聚氰胺-甲醛加成反应的研究

The addition reaction between melamine and formaldehyde involves the conversion of melamine into nine different methylol melamines.The reaction mechanism of the complex system can be summarized in a simple reaction model as below:(这里有图片19890824-878-1.gif)The rate equations of above reactions are evaluated by using Runge-Kutta method, and the rate constants are determined by means of fitting them to reaction species concentrations at various times.The molecular distribution formula of methylol derivatives of polyamine, which we developed previously, is used to form simultaneous equations with reaction rate equations and the contents of various meth-ylol-melamine are calculated.The results are good in agreement with the experiment data.     

Substituent Effect on the Stability and 14N NQR Parameters of Linkage Isomers of Nitriles in a Rhodium Half‐Sandwich Metallacycle: A Theoretical Study

In this work, using the MPW1PW91 method, the substituent effect on the stability and on the ¹⁴N NQR parameters of linkage isomers of nitriles in a rhodium half‐sandwich metallacycle is illustrated. After determination of the corresponding isomerization transition state (TS), the substituent effect on the barrier energy and on the activation thermodynamic parameters (ΔG^‡ and ΔH^‡) of isomerization is explored. The electric field gradient tensor, nuclear quadrupole coupling constant, asymmetry parameter, and nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies of the studied isomers are calculated. Also, linear correlations between these parameters and Hammett constant of the substituent are explored.     

替马西泮醇解反应机理研究

大量镇静催眠药的滥用给食品安全带来了严重负面影响,时刻威胁着人们的身体健康和生命安全。本文采用B3LYP/6-311+G**和MP2/6-311+G**方法,研究了苯二氮类药物替马西泮(TMZ)在中性和酸性甲醇溶液中的醇解反应机理。结果显示,无论从热力学还是动力学上分析,TMZ分子在中性和酸性甲醇溶液中N1—C2键断裂开环降解反应(Path 2和Path 3)都很难发生;而中性甲醇溶液中断裂C3—N4键醇解开环降解反应(Path 1)从动力学上分析是可行的,反应涉及1个或2个显性甲醇溶剂分子参与反应,通过质子的受体与给体的酸碱催化作用促进反应的进行,液相能垒(ΔG≠)分别为85.7k J/mol和81.6k J/mol,应该为TMZ分子在甲醇溶液中醇解的优势反应路径。研究结果与实验观察一致。     

CH2FCF3与O(1D)反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)和G3(MP2)B3方法,对O(1↑D)与CH2FCF3的反应进行了研究．在UB3LYP/6-31G(d)计算水平上,优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,在G3(MP2)B3水平上进行了单点计算,并利用UB3LYP/6-311 G(3df,3pd)计算的波函数进行了电荷密度分析．通过内禀坐标(IRC)计算和振动分析,对反应过渡态进行了确认,并确定了反应机理．     

ZnO和ZnS本征点缺陷的理论研究

基于第一性原理和热动力学方法,通过模拟计算分析了不同温度和分压下ZnS和ZnO晶体本征点缺陷的性质.振动熵的计算结果表明,在高温条件下,振动熵对缺陷形成能的贡献不能忽略.对比分析2种晶体本征点缺陷随环境条件变化的规律,结果表明,2种晶体的主导缺陷均为空位型.氧空位(V_O)在ZnO中更易形成,富氧和低温条件有利用于ZnO的p型本征掺杂.而锌空位(V_(Zn))在ZnS中形成能最低,因此ZnS比ZnO更容易形成p型掺杂.研究还发现2种晶体的肖特基缺陷都不稳定,而弗伦克尔缺陷比较稳定.除ZnS反弗伦克尔缺陷外,有价态的缺陷对的形成能均比中性缺陷对的形成能低.     

推/拉电子取代基对PCBM结构及光谱性质影响的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法计算[6,6]-苯基-C₆₁-丁酸甲酯(PCBM)及其苯环对位取代得到的4种衍生物的几何和电子结构. 采用第一激发能校正了分子的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)能级, 探讨了推/拉电子基团对分子前线轨道的影响. 在全优化几何构型的基础上, 采用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法研究了电子吸收光谱特征和电荷转移态性质, 并讨论了推/拉电子基团对体系电子吸收光谱性质的影响. 通过对重组能和电子亲和势的计算, 预测了PCBM与4种衍生物的电子能力及电子迁移率大小的关系. 结果表明, 在PCBM中, 在苯环的对位引入推电子基团可以提高分子的前线轨道能级, 改变前线轨道电子云分布, 明显增强可见光范围内的吸收强度, 增加可见光范围内的电荷转移吸收, 且激发态的电荷转移随着引入基团推电子能力的增加而增强. 化合物5的激发态分子内电荷转移性质最强, 且具有较独特的光伏性质. 而在同样位置引入拉电子基团, 则降低了分子前线轨道能级对电子吸收光谱的影响.     

SnCl4和DMF作用下1-三氯锡烷基-2,3-丁二烯与甲醛反应机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-31G^**水平上研究了SnCl4和DMF作用下1-三氯锡烷基-2,3．丁二烯与甲醛的反应机理．优化得到各驻点的几何构型,通过振动分析和内禀反应坐标对过渡态进行了确认．计算得到两条反应路径．研究表明,反应具有很强的选择性,主要得到DMF作用下1-三氯锡烷基-2,3-丁二烯与甲醛直接反应的产物．计算结果与实验事实一致．     

Substituent Effect on Infrared Spectra and Thermodynamic Properties of Polynitroamino Substituted Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane

Density functional theory method was employed to study the effect of the nitroamino group as a substituent in cyclopentane and cyclohexane, which usually construct polycyclic or caged nitramines. Based on the optimized molecular structures of two groups of monocyclic nitramines at the B3LYP/6-31G** level, the infrared (IR) spectra were obtained and assigned by harmonic vibrational analysis. The calculated results agree reasonably with the available experimental data. According to the principles of statistic thermodynamics, thermodynamic properties were derived from the IR spectra, which were linearly correlated with the number of nitroamino groups as well as the temperature. The.     

双(1,2-二苯基环戊二烯基)二氯化锆化合物发光光谱行为及取代基效应

以干燥的正己烷为溶剂, 在N2气保护下, 研究了金属有机化合物双(1,2-二苯基环戊二烯基)二氯化锆(2)、 双(4-甲基-1,2-二苯基环戊二烯基)二氯化锆(3)和双(1,2,4\|三苯基环戊二烯基)二氯化锆(4)的发光光谱行为. 研究结果表明, 该系列化合物具有良好的发光性能, 且荧光光谱的发射波长可通过改变环戊二烯基4位上的取代基R进行调节. 发射光波长大小顺序为Ph>CH3>H.     

C3H2环丙烯基自由基与O(3P)反应机理的理论研究

本文用量子化学密度泛函方法对C3H2 (环丙烯基自由基)与O(3P)反应的机理进行了理论研究。在B3LYP/6-311++G**计算水平上优化了各驻点（过渡态,中间体,产物）的几何结构,在QCISD(T)/6-311++G**水平下计算了各物质的单点能量,在两种水平下计算了298K和600K时的能量。计算结果表明：C3H2 + O(3P) 反应可以生成P1 (C2H +HCO),P2 (C2H2 + CO) 和P3 (HC3O+H)三种产物。生成P1反应通道的能垒最低,即P1为主要产物,与实验的结果一致。产物P1可以通过路径：R→ IM1→ IM2→ P1获得。本文详细地讨论了C3H2 + O(3P) 的反应机理,并从理论上对实验结果进行了验证。研究结果有助于深入理解C3H2 + O(3P)反应机理以及C3H2在大气中的燃烧过程。     

Theoretical Study of Impact of Side Substituent Effect on Intramolecular Proton Transfer of Perylenequinone

Perylenequinoidsarephotosensitive.BecausetheycaneffectivelykilltumorcellsandinhibitHIVviruses,peoplehavepaidmuchattentiontotheminrecentyearsandexpectedthemtobecomeanewkindofmedicinefortreatmentoftumorandAIDSI.ThereasonwhyitispossibletousePerylenequinoidsasmedicineisthattheypossessexcellentphotosensitivepropertiessuchasgoodthermalstability,highlevelof'O,quantumyield,andeastnessofpurification,etc2-4.Theseperformancesaredeterminedbytheiruniquemolecularstructure(Figurel).Theymayhaveintramolec…     

Schiff碱配合物拟酶催化反应的取代基效应研究

系统地研究了新型Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱双核配合物在拟酶催化ＰｈＩＯ单加氧化环己烷反应中的取代基效应,结果表明,这些配合物的环外苯基及环上亚苯基上吸电子取代基均能提高配合物的催化活性,而给电子取代基作用相反;环上亚苯基上的取代基效应比环外苯基上的取代基效应更明显,催化反应表观速率常数ｋ与环外苯基上的取代基特性常数σ（σｍ或σｐ）及环上亚苯基上的取代基特性常数（σｍ＋σｐ）呈良好的线性关系;ｌｇｋ＝０．１６５８σ－６．０９０及ｌｇｋ＝０．７３９４「（σｍ＋σｐ）／２」－６．４７８。