Investigation of autoionizing CuI-states in the region of the second ionization limit CuII 3d 94s

The combination of collisional and laser excitation was used for the investigation of autoionizing CuI states in the region of the second ionization limit CuII 3d ⁹ 4s at 85000–95000 cm^?1. The analysis of the complicated signal structure was concentrated on the first measurement of CuI 3d ⁹ 4p ² levels. The experimental results are compared with Hartree-Fock calculations of the energy values and level widths of the autoionization resonances.     

Two-step laser optogalvanic spectroscopy of highJ momentum 4dnd and 4dng autoionizing states of strontium

We have measured the energies of about two hundred even parityJ=3–5 autoionizing 4dnd and 4dng Rydberg states of strontium (Sr) using an optogalvanic method. These states are reached by a two-step dye laser excitation from the 4d5s metastables through the 4d5p ³ P ₂,¹ F ₃,³ F ₄ intermediates. The 4d5s are populated in a d.c. glow discharge through a Sr heated cell. The electronic configuration of the observedJ=3, 4 states is deduced from the Lu-Fano plots of their quantum defect values and the spectral characteristics of the corresponding transitions.     

Lifetimes and perturbations of the 3d9 4s(3D) 4p structure in the spectrum of copper I

Natural radiative lifetimes have been measured of the²P,²D,²F and⁴D_5/2 terms in the 3 d⁹ 4s(³D) 4p structure of copper I. A pulsed hollow cathode was used to generate 3d⁹ 4s^{2 2}D metastable atoms. From these metastable levels the states investigated were populated by a pulsed dye laser pumped by a Nd:YAG laser. A comparison with theoretical and experimental literature values is given.     

3dnl J=3e autoionizing levels of calcium: observation by laser optogalvanic spectroscopy and theoretical analysis

The even parityJ=3 autoionizing spectra of calcium were investigated below the 3d threshold by a two-step laser excitation from the 3d4s metastables through the 3d4p ³ P ₂,¹ F ₃ intermediate states. The 3d4s were populated by electronic collisions in a d.c. glow dis-charge through a Ca heat-pipe. More than a hundred resonance transitions have been measured with an accuracy of ～0.2 cm^?1 for the narrow ones using standard laser calibration techniques. Their upper levels are assigned to all expected nine autoionizing 3dns, 3dnd and 3dng Rydberg series and the 4p 5p ³ D ₃ perturber. The theoretical interpretation is achieved by a combination of the eigenchannelR-matrix and mulitchannel quantum defect (MQDT) methods. Ten closed and two openJ=3 interacting channesl are used. Theoretical energy level positions and excitation profiles are compared with the experimental data confirming the identification of the observed structures. Strong mixing between the 3d _3/2 nd _5/2 and 3d _5/2 nd _3/2 series is found, while the 3d _3/2 nd _3/2 and 3d _5/2 nd _5/2 series are almost purejj-coupled. The calculations were particularly successful in reproducing the spectrum in the region of the 4p 5p ³ D ₃ perturber, where strong chancel mixing appears leading to interference effects in the excitation cross sections.     

Radiative lifetimes of levels of the configuration 4f 7 (8 S) 6s 6p in Eu I

Radiative lifetimes of the 4f ⁷ (⁸ S) 6s 6p z ¹⁰ P _{7/2, 9/2},z ⁸ P _{5/2, 7/2, 9/2} andz ⁶ P _{7/2, 5/2} levels of Eu I were measured by the time resolved recording of the exponential decay of the fluorescence. Three of them were measured for the first time, the others agree with previous determinations. From the values of the lifetimes absolute oscillator strengths are deduced, taking into account the branching ratios for the transitions to the 4f ⁷ 6s ² and 4f ⁷ 5d 6s levels. From these absolutef values the radial integralI(6s ², 6s 6p) was derived by a parametric analysis. Theoretical values of oscillator strengths which were calculated using this radial integral show good agreement with the experimental data.     

Detection of the even parity,J=0–3, autoionizing 4dnl Rydberg states of strontium by two-step laser optogalvanic spectroscopy

We have measured the energies of a few hundreds of even parity,J=0–3 autoionizing 4dnl Ry states of strontium using an optogalvanic spectroscopy technique. These states are reached by a two-step pulsed dye laser excitation from the 4d 5s metastables through the 4d 5p ³P_0,1,2 intermediate states. Electronic collisions populate the 4d 5s states in a d.c. glow discharge through a Sr plus He vapour in a heated quartz cell. The electronic configuration for the majority of the observed Sr states is deduced from their quantum defect values and other characteristics of the corresponding transitions.     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of radiative lifetimes in neutral gallium

Using laser spectroscopic techniques the natural radiative lifetimes of 4s ² n ₁ s ² S and 4s ² n ₂ d ² D states of neutral gallium have been measured forn ₁ = 6 to 11 andn ₂ = 4 to 9. These states, as well as previously measured4s ² np ² P states, have been investigated theoretically using multi-configuration Hartree-Fock calculations. Oscillator strengths to all lower-lying states have been calculated and theoretical lifetimes of the investigated states evaluated. The² D sequence is strongly influenced by the 4s4p ^{2 2} D perturber, and strong cancellation effects in the radiative decay are observed both theoretically and experimentally.     

Lifetime measurements of the 3d 94s(1 D) 4p configuration of Cu I

The radiative lifetimes of the levels in the 3d ⁹4s(¹ D)4p configuration of Cu I are measured. The levels are excited from the metastable 3d ⁹4s ^{2 2} D _3/2,5/2 levels. The metastable Cu atoms are generated in a pulsed hollow cathode discharge. The levels investigated are populated with a 35-ps laser pulse at wavelengths around 220 nm. The laser induced fluorescence signal is detected. The lifetime of the 3d ⁹4s(³ D)4p ⁴ D _1/2 level is also determined by direct excitation from the ground state. A comparison with calculated literature values is given.     

Test of advanced hyperfine structure theory by precision radio-frequency and laser spectroscopy in molybdenum

The hyperfine structure splittings of 32 even parity states and of 26 odd partity states of molybdenum have been measured by atomic beam magnetic resonance and by laser induced fluorescence. The analysis of the hyperfine structure data of the even parity configurations (4d+5s)⁶ yields experimental evidence for second order hyperfine interactions. In addition, theg _J factors of 19 fine structure levels have been determined in order to test the quality of intermediate coupling wave functions for the (4d+5s)⁶ configurations.     

Lifetime measurements of some TmI odd parity levels

Eleven new lifetimes of odd parity excited energy levels in four configurations: 4f ¹² 5d 6s6p, 4f ¹² 6s² 6p, 4f ¹³ 5d6s and 4f ¹³ 6s7s of atomic thulium have been mesured with atomic-beam laser spectrocopy. Two pulsed dye lasers are used for stepwise excitation and the time-resolved fluorescence decay was used to determine lifetime values. The accuracy of the measurements is about 10%.     

Line-profile analysis of excitation spectroscopy in the even 4p5(2P1/2)nl′ [K′]J（l′=1,3） autoionizing resonances of Kr

The even-parity autoionizing resonance series 4p5np′[3/2]1,2,[1/2]1,and 4p5nf′[5/2]3of krytpon have been investigated by laser excitation from the two metastable states 4p55s[3/2]2and 4p55s′[1/2]0in the photon energy region of 29000–40000 cm 1at experimental bandwidth of~0.1 cm 1.The excitation spectra of the even-parity autoionizing resonance series,most of which are experimentally studied for the first time in this work,show typical asymmetric line shapes.Complementary information on level energies,quantum defects,line profile indices and resonance widths,resonance lifetimes and reduced widths of the autoionizing resonances are derived by Fano-type line-shape analyses of the experimental results.Results from this work indicate that the line profile index(q)and the resonance width()are approximately proportional to the effective principal quantum number(n*);the line separation of the 4p5np′autoionizing resonances is also in good agreement with theoretical model.     

Determination of radiative lifetimes in neutral nitrogen using short laser pulses from a distributed feedback dye laser

Radiative lifetimes were determined for two short-lived states in neutral nitrogen. Following photo-dissociation and two-photon excitation employing the same UV source, excitation to higher states was performed with a distributed feedback dye laser (DFDL). The lifetimes were found to be τ(2p ²4d ⁴ D _7/2)=17(3) ns and τ(2p ²5s ⁴ P _5/2)=22(3) ns.     

Hyperfine structure in the configurations 4f 13 6s6p and 4f 125d6s 2 of TmI

The laser-atomic-beam spectroscopy has been used to make precise measurements of the hyperfine structure in transitions starting from metastable states of the configuration 4f ¹²5d6s ² in¹⁶⁹TmI. With the resulting experimental magnetic dipole hyperfine constantsA _J andA _J values from former investigations a parametric analysis of the hyperfine structure in the configurations 4f ¹³6s6p and 4f ¹²5d6s ² has been performed using wavefunctions from fine structure calculations. A comparison of theoretical and experimental hyperfine constants allowed a test of the reliability of the wave-functions used. The hyperfine parameters respectively hyperfine radial integrals determined from the analysis were compared with corresponding data from ab initio calculations for the ground configuration in TmI.     

Hyperfine structure measurements of the metastable (3d 6 4s 2)3 H 4, 5, 6 states of57Fe: Configuration interaction in the hyperfine structure of the iron atom

We report the hyperfine structure (hfs) measurement of the metastable (3d ⁶ 4s ²)a ³ H _{4, 5, 6} states of⁵⁷Fe. The kHz-precision of these experimental results together with the hyperfine structure values of (3d ⁶ 4s ²)a ⁵ D _{1, 2, 3, 4}, (3d ⁷ 4s)a ⁵ F _{2, 3, 4, 5}, and (3d ⁷ 4s)a ³ F _{2, 3, 4}, which were measured earlier, allowed to determine a very detailed set of effective radial parameters describing the hfs of these states, using a new parametrization method. This method treats one- and two-body contributions to the hfs separately. In this way configuration interaction effects in the hfs of the⁵⁷Fe atom can be studied in detail and compared with configuration interaction effects in the fine structure of the same atom.     

Configuration interaction in the 6s n d 1 D 2 and 6s n s 1 S 0 states of Yb probed by lifetime measurements

Radiative lifetimes in the even parity 6s n d ¹ D ₂ (n=6?13) and 6s n s ¹ S ₀ (n=8?14) level series of neutral Yb have been measured. In contrast to a monotonicn*³ behaviour which is expected in the absence of configuration interaction a drastic decrease of the lifetime data was observed in the vicinity of multiply excited states. In addition, for certain levels a strong increase of the lifetime values has been found which may be ascribed to destructive interference due to configuration mixing which can also affect the branching ratios of the radiative decay of these levels.     

Parametric fits of the atomic fine structure of ZrI and MoI

Least squares fits including effective two- and three-body interactions have been performed for the mixed configurations (4d+5s)⁴ in ZrI and (4d+5s)⁶ in MoI. A test of the eigenvectors in intermediate coupling derived from the fits has been accomplished by comparing calculatedg _J values andg _J values, which have been measured with high precision by atomic beam magnetic resonance. The agreement found is typically better than a few parts in 10⁴ except for some strongly mixed high-lying states in Mo.     

Line-profile Analysis of Excitation Spectroscopy in Even 5p5(2P1/2)nl' [K']J (l'=1, 3) Autoionizing Resonances of Xe

The even-parity autoionizing resonance series 5p⁵np'[3/2]₁, [1/2]₁, and 5p⁵nf'[5/2]₃ of xenon have been investigated, excited from the two metastable states 5p⁵6s[3/2]₂ and 5p⁵6s'[1/2]₀ in the photon energy range of 28000-42000 cm^-1 with experimental bandwidth of ～0.1 cm^-1. The excitation spectra of the even-parity autoionizing resonance series show typical asymmetric line shapes. New level energies, quantum defects, line profile indices and resonance widths, resonance lifetimes and reduced widths of the autoionizing resonances are derived by a Fano-type line-shape analysis. The line profile index and the resonance width are shown to be approximately proportional to the effective principal quantum number. The line separation of the 5p⁵np' autoionizing resonances is discussed.     

Hyperfine structure in 5s 4d 3 D —5snf transitions of87Sr

The hyperfine spectra of the 5s4d ³ D ₁-5s20f, 5s4d ³ D ₂-5s23f, and 5s 4d ³ D ₃-5s32f transitions of⁸⁷Sr (I=9/2) have been measured by collinear fast beam laser spectroscopy. The structure in the upper configurations is highly perturbed by fine structure splitting that is of comparable size to the hyperfine interaction energy. These perturbations can be adequately treated with conventional matrix diagonalization methods, using the 5s-electron magnetic dipole interaction terma _5s and the unperturbed fine structure splittings as input parameters. Additionally, hyperfine constants for the lower 5s4d ³ D configurations, including theA- andB-factors and a separation of the individuals- andd-electron contributions to these factors, are derived.     

The high resolution subvalenced-shell absorption spectrum of zinc I

The absorption spectrum of atomic zinc due to transitions from the first subvalenced-shell has been reinvestigated at high resolution using synchrotron radiation as the background source. The data on the six series converging onto the inverted doublet of the first excited state of zinc II (3d ⁹4s ^{2 2} D _{3/2, 5/2}) have been extended to highern-values. The splitting of the leading members of thef-series converging towards the lower limit (3d ⁹4s ²(² D _5/2)nf a, b) is observed for the first time (n=4: (5.7±1) cm^?1). The experimental data is analysed using two different theoretical approaches. First, the overall consistency of the data is analysed using a six-channel two-limit MQDT model. As a consequence, the value of the energy of the² D _5/2-limit is revised to be (138,493.7±1) cm^?1. The second approach consists of Slater-Condon type calculations for the 3d ⁹4s ² np (n=4, ..., 9) configurations. Three different methods for calculating energy levels are presented:

1. numerical diagonalisation ofd ⁹ p energy matrix in the appropriate coupling scheme and fitting of relevant parameters to experimental level energies.
2. the Shortley and Fried method [1, 2].
3. analytical formulae inj _c K-coupling with fitting as under (a).

It is shown that method (c), which is easily handled, offers sufficient accuracy for the configurations 3d ⁹4s ² np (n>4).     

Experimental lifetimes of some levels of Ne ii

The radiative lifetimes of some levels belonging to the 2p⁴3d and 2p⁴4s configurations of Ne ii have been measured using high frequency deflection technique with a delayed coincidence single-photon counting arrangement. The measurements have been performed under conditions where pressure dependent effect is negligible. The lifetimes of 3d²F_5/2 and 4s⁴P_3/2 levels have been measured for the first time. A comparison with other results is presented.