KCl辅助EDTA水热合成t-LaVO4∶Eu3+粉体

以LaCl3·nH2O、Eu2O3和NH4VO3为原料,采用KCl和EDTA为辅助剂,在较高pH值下水热合成了t-LaVO4∶Eu3+粉体.通过添加KCl和EDTA的不同组合,分析了对LaVO4∶Eu3粉体微观结构及荧光性能的影响.结果表明:当初始溶液pH=11和12时,添加KCl+EDTA可制备单一四方相LaVO4∶Eu3+粉体,并推断了LaVO4∶Eu3+晶体的形成机理.加入KCl影响了LaVO4∶Eu3的晶体结构,使LaVO4∶Eu3+粉体颗粒尺寸增大,荧光性能增强.当Eu掺杂摩尔浓度为5;时,LaVO4∶ Eu3+束状棒有最高的红光发射强度.     

稻壳灰制备Si3N4/SiC复合粉体的研究

本文主要研究不同的SiO2∶C比例对所制备Si3N4/SiC复合粉体组成的影响.采用生物质能电厂所产生的工业废弃物稻壳灰和炭黑为原料,以稻壳灰中的SiO2为标准与炭黑配成不同比例的粉料,在氮气气氛下经1550℃保温3h热处理.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析烧后试样的物相组成和显微结构.结果表明:当SiO2∶C为5∶6时得到的产物为Si3N4/SiC复合粉体;当SiO2∶C为5∶2和5∶3时,得到产物的组成为SiC、O'-Sialon和β-Si3N4.     

柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备Nd∶YAGG多晶粉体

采用柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备了Nd∶YAGG多晶粉体.将Nd2O3,Ga2O3,Y2O3和Al(NO3)3分别用稀硝酸溶解后,与柠檬酸溶液均匀混合并于100℃加热4h,可以得到棕黄色凝胶,凝胶自燃可获得干凝胶.干凝胶分别在500℃、700℃和900℃下进行煅烧获得Nd∶ YAGG多晶粉体.红外光谱测试表明NO、OH等在900℃已被分解完全;扫描电镜观察发现煅烧后的Nd∶ YAGG多晶粉体是由规则的球状颗粒组成,粒径约为30 nm;XRD测试表明900℃为Nd∶ YAGG多晶粉体的最佳煅烧温度;荧光光谱分析发现Nd∶ YAGG多晶粉体具有较好的荧光性能,荧光发射的最强峰位于1064.54 nm处,属于Nd3+的4F3/2-4I11/2能级跃迁.     

熔盐法合成TiB2粉体

以TiH2和无定型B粉为原料,采用熔盐法合成了TiB2粉体.熔融NaCl/KCl的存在降低了TiB2相的初始形成温度,且所得TiB2粉体具有较小的颗粒尺寸.当加入的NaCl/KCl熔盐与TiHJB复合粉体的质量比为20∶1时,1000℃下所合成的TiB2粉体的比表面积及相应的平均粒径分别为22.25 m2/g和60 nm.     

Li+,Bi3+掺杂对Lu2O3∶Ho3+,Yb3+粉体发光性质的影响

采用高温固相法制备了Li+、Bi3掺杂Lu2O3∶Ho3,Yb3粉体.用X射线衍射仪分析了合成粉体的微结构,用场发射扫描电子显微镜观测了样品的形貌及尺寸,用紫外可见近红外荧光光谱仪分析了合成粉体的上转换发射光谱以及能级寿命.结果 表明:Li+、Bi3掺杂的Lu2O3∶Ho3,Yb3粉体,仍然保持Lu2O3立方相结构.Li+或Bi3掺杂后,合成粉体的分散性更好,颗粒更均匀,且更加接近球形,LI+掺杂后粉体颗粒尺寸明显增加.用980 nm激发,4;Li+或1.5; Bi3+掺杂后,合成粉体中Ho3的绿光光强分别提高了约3.9倍、2.8倍.随着Li+浓度的增加,合成粉体中Ho3的5S2能级寿命先增加后减小;随着Bi3浓度的增加,合成粉体中Ho3的5S2能级寿命逐渐减小.     

微波酸碱处理微纳米碳化硅粉体杂质去除工艺研究

利用微波消解技术和酸碱化学介质对微纳米碳化硅粉体中Fe2 O3,Si,SiO2去除工艺进行了研究.正交试验结果表明:微波功率4 kW,微波频率2450 MHz时,反应温度90℃,盐酸浓度3 mol·L-1,反应时间10 min,液固比4∶1,Fe2O3去除率达到97.4;;反应温度90℃,氢氧化钠浓度180 g·L-1,反应时间10 min,液固比3∶1,Si的去除率达到97.31;,SiO2达到97.26;;除杂后SiC粉体的纯度达到98.1;;通过碳化硅粉体形貌分析,除杂后SiC粉体表面附着物质明显减少,较除杂前更加光滑.     

化学共沉淀法制备纯相YAG纳米粉体的研究

通过调整反应溶液中铝离子的浓度,以硝酸铝和硝酸钇为原料,碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备了纯YAG相纳米粉体.使用X射线衍射仪,扫描电镜,红外光谱仪,热分析仪等测试手段对YAG前驱体及煅烧后的粉体进行表征.结果表明:略微增加反应溶液中铝离子的浓度,即当y3+∶Al3+浓度为9∶16时,沉淀反应形成的前驱体经过1200℃煅烧3h后可形成不含杂相的纯立方相YAG纳米粉体,所得粉体分散性较好,形状为棒状,平均颗粒尺寸约为150 nm.     

熔盐法低温合成ZrB2-ZrC-SiC复合粉体的研究

以ZrSiO4、Na2B4O7、Mg粉及C粉为原料,MgCl2为熔盐介质,采用熔盐法制备了ZrB2-ZrC-SiC复合粉体,研究了熔盐温度(900～1200℃)、原料配比对熔盐法合成ZrB2-ZrC-SiC复合粉体的物相组成及含量的影响.结果表明:当MgCl2∶反应物=4∶1(wt;),ZrSiO4∶Na2B4O7∶Mg∶C=2∶1∶18.2∶2(mol;)时,经1150℃反应3h所制备的复合粉体中ZrB2-ZrC-SiC的相对含量最高,约为78wt;.     

微波熔盐法合成CaZrO3粉体

本文以氧化锆、碳酸钠、氯化钙、氯化钠及氯化锂为原料,采用微波熔盐法合成了纯相的锆酸钙(CaZrO3)粉体,并研究了不同熔盐体系对CaZrO3粉体合成过程的影响.研究结果表明:温度的升高有利于促进CaZrO3的合成.当ZrO2∶ CaCl2∶ Na2CO3∶ LiCl=1.0∶1.0∶ 1.2∶1.9时,较低的温度下将导致副产物CaZr4O9相的生成,提高反应温度可促使CaZr4O9相转化为CaZrO3相,900℃/3 h的条件下可合成纯相的CaZrO3粉体.显微形貌研究表明:采用微波加热合成CaZrO3的机理为“模板合成”机理,粉体的颗粒大小约为2～5 μm.     

低温固相反应法制备钠快离子导体NaZr2(PO4)3粉体

为了进一步促进钠快离子导体磷酸锆钠(NaZr2(PO4)3)粉体的实际应用,本文提出了一种以氧氯化锆(ZrOCl2·8H2O)和二水磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4·2H2O)为原料的低温固相反应法制备NaZr2(PO4)3粉体.通过XRD,SEM和Raman等测试手段系统研究了磷酸盐用量对制备磷酸锆钠粉体的影响.结果 表明:采用超量的磷酸盐有利于纯相磷酸锆钠粉体的合成.同时当锆盐与磷酸盐的摩尔比为2∶5.4时,能够合成平均粒径1μm,尺寸均匀,分散性良好的磷酸锆钠粉体.研究发现研磨时发生的固相反应对磷酸锆钠粉体的制备有重要作用,一方面促进了无定型磷酸锆钠的产生,有利于磷酸锆钠晶体形成;另一方面原位生成的氯化钠为晶体的生长提供了良好的液相环境,促进了磷酸锆钠粉体的低温合成.该工作为磷酸锆钠粉体的大规模生产提供了一条简单有效的方法.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.