Nd∶YAG透明陶瓷制备与激光性能

采用化学沉淀法分步制备了分散性好、团聚少的纳米Y2O3、Nd2O3和Al2O3粉体,经球磨混合和喷雾干燥后,获得了颗粒形貌为球形、粒径在20 ～ 40 μm间的混合陶瓷粉体.粉体经成型后,采用真空烧结工艺制备出了直径为75 mm、厚度5 mm的高透明Nd∶ YAG陶瓷,其在1064 nm和400 nm处的透过率均高于80;,接近于Nd∶ YAG单晶的理论透过率.应力和干涉条纹测试结果表明,所制备的Nd∶ YAG透明陶瓷应力分布均匀,干涉条纹平直,具有良好的光学均匀性.FESEM和XRD测试结果表明,陶瓷的晶粒尺寸在10 ～ 20 μm之间,晶界干净,没有残留气孔和杂质相.对从Nd∶ YAG陶瓷圆片上选切出的3 mm×3mm×5 mm和3mm×3 mm×10mm的Nd∶ YAG激光陶瓷元件进行激光性能测试,实现了连续瓦级激光输出,在泵浦注入功率为18.6 W时,分别获得了7.78W和7.75 W激光输出,光光转换效率分别为41.8;和41.7;.     

纳米Cu2O/Ag复合材料的制备、表征和抗菌活性研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了单分散性的球形纳米Cu2O,采用无还原剂的取代反应法在上面负载一层纳米Ag,制备了核壳结构的Cu2O/Ag纳米复合材料.利用透射电镜(TEM)分析了纳米Cu2O/Ag的形貌、并用X射线衍射测(XRD)X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了其物相组成,利用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光光谱(PL)研究了其光谱特征,用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为测试菌研究Cu2O/Ag抑菌性能.结果表明,Cu2O平均直径为150 nm,表面纳米Ag粒子直径为7 nm,形成核壳结构Cu2O/Ag对大肠杆菌抑菌率为93 ;, 对金黄色葡萄球菌为95;.     

Cu2ZnSnS4纳米晶的溶剂热法制备和表征

利用溶剂热制备了Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)球形纳米晶.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)和紫外-可见分光光度计对产物的物相结构、形貌、化学组分及光学性能进行表征.结果表明:所制备的CZTS球形纳米晶具有锌黄锡矿结构,球形颗粒的直径为190～300 nm,每个球形颗粒是由很多平均尺寸大约24 nm的纳米晶构成.纳米晶具有锌黄锡矿结构,其禁带宽度约为1.55 eV.同时研究了反应前驱溶液中不同量的硫脲和氯化锌对所制备的CZTS纳米颗粒的结构、原子组分比和形貌的影响规律,并对其形成机理进行了初步探讨.     

不同粒度SiC颗粒低温制备SiC泡沫陶瓷的性能

以SiC陶瓷前驱体聚碳硅烷(polycarbosilane,PCS)为粘结剂、SiC微粉为填料、聚氨酯海绵为模板,低温制备出了SiC泡沫陶瓷.研究了SiC颗粒粒度和PCS含量对SiC泡沫陶瓷线收缩率、体积密度、微观结构与抗弯强度的影响.确定了不同粒度SiC颗粒制备泡沫陶瓷的最佳烧成温度.结果表明,随SiC颗粒粒度与PCS含量的增加泡沫陶瓷的线收缩率增大、体积密度降低;泡沫陶瓷的抗弯强度随SiC颗粒粒度的增大而降低;颗粒粒度小于1μm时,最佳烧成温度为1200℃,颗粒粒度大于1μm时,最佳烧成温度为1100℃;PCS在1100℃与1200℃热解可得到β-SiC晶粒,其晶粒尺寸为12.2 nm与19.6 nm.     

选择氧化法制备核壳NiSi/SiO_2纳米颗粒及磁学性能研究（英文）

采用选择氧化法首次制备具有核壳结构的NiSi/SiO2纳米颗粒。通过SEM,TEM,EDX,XRD和VSM等测试手段对材料进行表征。结果表明,用上述方法制备得到的NiSi/SiO2纳米颗粒直径在40~200 nm之间,SiO2壳层厚度约为20 nm。基于选择氧化、结晶和热力学理论对SiO2壳层结构的形成机理进行了阐释。制备得到的NiSi/SiO2纳米颗粒在室温下显示出超顺磁性。     

反相微乳液法制备CdS/ZnS纳米晶及其表征

用反相微乳液法制备了CdS纳米粒子,以ZnS对其表面进行包裹,得到了核壳结构的CdS/ZnS纳米晶.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)表征其结构、粒度和形貌,紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-VIS)、光致发光光谱(PL)表征其光学特性.制得的CdS纳米微粒近似呈球形,直径约3.6nm;包裹以后颗粒仍为球形,粒径约10nm,以XRD、UV-VIS和PL证实了CdS/ZnS核壳结构的实现.文章还研究了不同Zn/Cd的摩尔比对CdS/ZnS纳米微粒光学性能的影响,UV-VIS谱表明随着壳层厚度的增加CdS/ZnS纳米晶的吸收带边有轻微的红移;PL谱表明壳层ZnS的包覆可减少CdS纳米微粒的表面缺陷,带边直接复合发光几率增大,且具有合适的壳层厚度时,CdS核层的发光效率有较大提高.     

SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3+核壳微球的可控合成及发光性能研究

采用简便的尿素辅助沉淀法将Gd2O3∶Tb3+成功包覆在二氧化硅微球表面合成了尺寸均匀的球形SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3核壳发光材料,解决了稀土发光材料普遍存在的形貌可控性差和颗粒尺寸不均一等问题.利用XRD、SEM、红外光谱和荧光光谱等表征测试了样品的形貌、结构和发光性能.SEM照片和尺寸分布图显示,SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3+粒子呈现均匀球形形貌,分散性良好,粒径约(608 +18) nm.XRD图谱分析表明,600℃煅烧后,壳层Gd(OH)3CO3完全转变为立方相Gd2O3,结晶性良好,无杂相生成.同时,结合红外光谱推测了SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3核壳微球的形成机理,并得出Gd2O3∶Tb3+壳层主要以Si-O-Gd键形式连接在二氧化硅微球表面.在240 nm紫外光激发下,SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3核壳微球呈现绿光发射,其中,位于540 nm处的主峰归属于Tb3+的5D4→7F5能级跃迁.不同Tb3掺杂浓度下的发射光谱表明,当Tb3+掺杂浓度为4mol;时,SiO2@Gd2O3∶Tb3+核壳微球的发射强度达到最大值,寿命为1.55 ms,色坐标位于绿色区域,展现了良好的绿光发光性能.     

低温合成PSN微球及其裂解制备Si-C-N空心陶瓷微球

以含乙烯基聚硅氮烷(PSN)为先驱体聚合物,二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂,采用乳液工艺,在低温条件下交联固化合成聚硅氮烷(PSN)微球,并在高温下裂解制得Si-C-N空心陶瓷微球.研究了原料比例、固化时间和裂解条件对PSN微球及Si-C-N空心陶瓷微球形貌、尺寸和形成过程的影响.结果表明,当PSN与DVB的比例为2∶1、固化时间为6h时,可在80℃下得到表面光滑、尺寸较均匀、直径为600～ 800 nm的PSN微球;Si-C-N陶瓷微球随着PSN与DVB比例的增加,逐渐显现出空心结构;1000～ 1200℃裂解后,空心球形成,XRD表明此时产物呈非晶态;裂解温度1400℃时,空心微球表面变得粗糙,生成Si3N4和SiC晶粒.     

Ag/ZnS核壳结构纳米棒的制备及其光催化性能分析

在制备的Ag纳米线的基础上,用水热法合成了Ag/ZnS核壳结构纳米棒.使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、紫外-可见双光束分光光度计(UV-vis)、光致发光扫描仪(PL)等检测设备对样品的成分、形貌、微结构及光学性能进行了表征.结果显示,制备的Ag/ZnS复合材料为ZnS纳米颗粒包覆Ag纳米线的核壳结构,其紫外吸收峰位于350 nm处,相对于ZnS纳米颗粒变宽并发生红移,PL发射峰位于462 nm处,相对于ZnS纳米颗粒发生了蓝移,强度明显降低.光催化结果显示,Ag/ZnS核壳结构纳米棒的光催化性能优于ZnS纳米颗粒,分析了光催化反应机理.     

L-半胱氨酸修饰的ZnS∶Co/ZnS量子点的合成及表征

选用L-半胱氨酸作为修饰剂,采用共沉淀法在水溶液中合成了ZnS∶ Co/ZnS量子点.通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱(PL)对量子点的结构、形貌、组成及光谱性质进行表征.结果表明:ZnS∶ Co/ZnS量子点为立方闪锌矿结构,颗粒呈球形,分散性好,颗粒尺寸约为3.3nm1;随着ZnS壳层增厚,ZnS∶ Co/ZnS量子点的荧光发射峰强度先增大后减小,核壳比为1∶0.15时发光强度达到最大.Co2+的掺杂和ZnS壳层的形成使量子点的荧光量子产率从2.4;增加到9.8;.L-半胱氨酸分子通过其巯基与量子点表面的金属离子配位,从而修饰在量子点的表面,使该量子点具有水溶性、生物相容性和生物可偶联性.     

Synthesis and characterization of diselenide crosslinked polymeric micelles via Diels–Alder click reaction

ABSTRACT

A well-defined amphiphilic block copolymer, poly (ethylene oxide)-b-(poly (furfuryl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PFMA) was prepared by single electron transfer living radical polymerization using tris(dimethylamino)ethyl amine (Me6TREN) as a ligand. The block copolymer formed sub-100 nm micelles in water with PEO as a shell and PFMA as a core. Diels–Alder click type reaction was employed to form core-crosslinked micelles using a diselenide-containing crosslinker without any catalyst. The block copolymer and micelles were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The stability of core-crosslinked micelles under reductive-oxidative condition was also investigated. The diselenide crosslinked micelles displayed good stability against extensive dilution but decomposed under the presence of hydrogen peroxide or glutathione. The redox responsive core-crosslinked micelles can be a promising carrier for drug delivery applications.     

Fabrication and study of properties of magnetite nanoparticles in hybrid micelles of polystyrene-<Emphasis Type="Italic">block</Emphasis>-polyethylene oxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate

Magnetite nanoparticles have been formed for the first time in hybrid micelles of polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate in water by ultrasonic treatment at room temperature. An analysis by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that magnetite nanoparticles in hybrid micelles of block copolymer and sodium dodecyl sulfate are polydesperse (have sizes from 0.5 to 20 nm). The specific magnetization of solid samples has been measured.     

Mechanisms of the self-organization of star-shaped polymers with a varied structure of branching center based on fullerene C<Subscript>60</Subscript> in solutions

The self-organization of star-shaped polymers in toluene has been studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Polystyrene stars with a mono-C₆₀ branching center are ordered into globular clusters (∼1700 nm in diameter), whereas stars with a double (C₆₀-C₆₀) center are ordered into anisotropic structures (superchains), which are linked (depending on the concentration) into triads (chain clusters ∼2500 nm in diameter). On the contrary, heteroarm polystyrene and poly-2-vinylpyridine stars with a C₆₀ center are weakly associated into dimers. Moderately polar stars with arms composed of polystyrene and diblock copolymer (poly-2-vinylpyridine-poly-tret-butyl methacrylate) form short chains composed of four macromolecules, while stars of higher polarity based on polystyrene and poly-tret-butyl methacrylate form clusters containing ∼12 macromolecules ∼50 nm in diameter. Thus, by varying the structure of the center and the arm polarity, one can control the modes of star structuring.     

Towards The Synthesis of Electroactive Block Copolymers Via Anionic-To-Ziecler-Natta Transformation Reactions

Styrene/acetylene diblork copolymers have been prepared by alkylating Ti(OBu)₄ with polystyryl lithium (Li/Ti = 3) in THF followed by exposure to acetylene. Homopolystyrene can be separated from the soluble, blue-violet diblock copolymer by extraction with 10% THF/acetone, the latter being soluble in THF. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of polystyrene and (CH)_x components. Gel permeation chromatography of copolymers in which the (CH)_x portion has been converted to poly(l,2-dibromoethylene unambiguously demonstrates that block copolymers have been synthesized. The yields of block copolymer based on the total weight of polystyryl Li used initially is estimated to be ca 5%.     

Acidity-dependent mesostructure transformation of highly ordered mesoporous silica materials during a two-step synthesis

Highly ordered mesoporous silica materials have been synthesized under mildly acidic conditions by templating with a nonionic triblock copolymer (Pluronic P104) in a two-step process. It was found that a transformation from the SBA-15 type 2-dimensional (2D) hexagonal channel mesostructure (p6mm symmetry) to the MSU-X type 3-dimensional (3D) worm-like mesostructure could be induced by varying the pH whilst keeping all other conditions constant. The transformation between two types of mesoporous silica materials can be attributed to the effect of varying proton concentration on the interaction between organic micelles and inorganic species. Both types of mesoporous materials have high surface areas, large pore volumes, thick pore walls, large mean pore sizes, and narrow pore size distribution.     

Formation of ordered nanostructures in liquid-crystalline block copolymers with side-chain semiconductor materials

ABSTRACT

We developed a novel block copolymer composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polymethacrylate functionalized with liquid–cryst-alline oligothiophene by using the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), aiming at application to organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Thermal investigation showed that the resultant polymer exhibits liquid–crystalline phases both on heating and cooling. Morphologies of the thin films of the block copolymer were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Microphase separation with a small size of almost 10 nm (nano-phase-separated structures) was observed upon annealing.     

Orientational Order and Linear Dichroism of a Water Soluble Porphine in a Lyotropic Nematic Liquid Crystal

Aqueous lyotropic nematic liquid crystals can be homogeneously oriented by magnetic fields and are therefore well suited to be used as anisotropic solvents for optical polarization studies of water soluble dye molecules. The potassium laurate (KL)/KCl/H₂O nematic phase, composed of rod-like or cylindrical micelles, was used as a matrix for the study of orientational order and linear dichroism of a substituted free-base porphine (TPPS₄). The results indicate that a significant portion of porphine molecules are incorporated into the micelles with their planes on the average perpendicular to the optic axis of the lyotropic rods. The order parameter of TPPS₄ is much higher in this system than in other nematic lyophases such as KL/decanol/H₂O in which preferential hydrogen bonding occurs between TPPS₄ molecules and the hydroxyl groups of decanol molecules which presumably occupy the surface of the cylindrical micelles. All observed electronic transitions in the 350-700 nm range are found to be polarized in the plane of the porphine ring.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Violet Light Emitting Polymer based on Fluorene and Dimethylsilane

New fluorene based light emitting polymer, poly[(4-(9,9-didecyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl) phenyl)dimethyl(phenyl)silane] (PFDPS), was synthesized by palladium-catalzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The obtained copolymer was characterized by ¹H-NMR, and IR-spectroscopy. The polymer showed good solubility in common organic solvents and weight average molecular weight of 16,300 with polydispersity index of 1.4. The maximum photoluminescence of the solution and film of the polymer was observed at 392 nm and 410 nm, respectively.

The double-layered device with the configuration, ITO/PEDOT/PFDPS/LiF/Al structure has a turn-on voltage at about 5.5 V and maximum brightness of 9.40 cd/m², and emitted violet light at 414 nm.     

Study of the growth and switching kinetics on ferroelectric nanocrystals of copolymer vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene on an atomic force microscope

The growth of nanocrystals obtained from Langmuir-Blodgett films of ferroelectric copolymer consisting of 70% vinylidene fluoride and 30% trifluoroethylene has been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The radius and concentration of nanocrystals are found to depend on the annealing time of the film. A model for nanocrystal growth is proposed which yields adequate time dependences for nanocrystal size parameters. The switching kinetics of individual ferroelectric nanocrystals with an average diameter of 100–200 nm and a height of 15–20 nm has been investigated in the piezoelectric response mode. It is shown that the switching of nanocrystals has an activation character.     

Zn掺杂纳米TiO2材料制备与光催化性能的研究

通过水热合成的方法制备了Zn掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及紫外-可见光分光计进行了物相结构、显微组织及光催化性能的检测与表征.结果表明:在Zn的掺杂量为0.6;时,纳米TiO2光催化剂由单一的锐钛矿相组成,晶粒尺寸约为6~10 nm,对太阳光的吸收波长增加到510 nm,提高对太阳光的利用效率,增强光催化的效果,经光催化反应100 min后,对甲基橙有机物的降解率达到92;.