气相色谱法测定天然气的组成

天然气、原油伴生气的分析在石油勘探、开发、综合利用均十分重要。本文采用填充柱和毛细管柱色谱分离、TCD及FID双检测器检测,简易、快速、准确的测定天然气全组分。 1 仪器与色谱分离条件 SP-6000天然气分析仪;4270积分仪;填充柱两根。柱1:长2m,φ3mm×0.3mm的GDX-101不锈钢柱;柱2:长1m,中3mm×0.3mm的13x分子筛不锈钢柱;另有长50mφ0.32的SE-30弹性石英毛细管柱;进样温度:     

溶胶-凝胶气相色谱毛细管柱极性初探

溶胶 凝胶气相色谱毛细管柱是一种新型的色谱柱。这种色谱柱分离效果佳[1,2],柱容量大,耐热性能好,制作工艺简单[3]。本文采用几种方法对自制溶胶 凝胶柱[1～3]的极性进行了探讨,并与传统柱作了比较。所用色谱仪为岛津17A型,配有火焰离子化检测器(FID);色谱柱尺寸为10m×0 25mmi d ;载气为He;气化室温度250℃;分流(100∶1)进样。1　极性评价方法与结果1.1　不同化合物流出顺序的测定　　色谱条件:溶胶 凝胶柱,固定液为Ucon75 H 90000及端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)毛细管柱;FID温度300℃;柱温,80℃6℃/min280℃。试液:含亚油酸甲酯…     

气相色谱法测定胰酶中的丙酮溶剂残留量

采用气相色谱测定了胰酶中残留的丙酮溶剂,并通过外标法定量分析其含量。气相色谱条件为:氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),DMF作为溶剂,DM-WAX色谱柱(30 m×0.53 mm×1μm),载气为氮气,进样口温度为200℃,检测器温度为300℃,柱温采取程序升温。气相色谱法检测丙酮的加标回收率为92.5%～98.0%,检出限(3S/D)为0.05μg/mL。     

丙烯齐聚反应产物的气相色谱/质谱分析

采用GC MS分析技术对丙烯催化齐聚液相产物进行了分离、定性和定量分析。毛细管色谱柱为PONA柱 (5 0m× 0 .2 5mm× 0 .2 5 μm) ,FID检测器 ,He作载气 ,初温 3 5℃ ,以 3℃ min升至 2 80℃ ,恒温 60min。质谱离子源为EI源 ,能量 70eV ,离子源温度 2 0 0℃。结果表明丙烯齐聚液相产物中各组分可得到较好地分离 ,主要组分为短支链度的异构烯烃 ,另外还含有少量烷烃和环烷烃 ;由质谱图确定了 1 0 7个组分的化学结构     

毛细管气相色谱法定量测定氮酮

对毛细管柱定量测定氮酮的操作条件进行了探索 选择了以DB 1型石英毛细管色谱柱φ0.53mm×30m,宽口径进样口不分流进样,FID检测器,压力程序升压,柱温箱程序升温,进样量1μL的色谱条件,对氮酮样品进行检测,各组分分离良好 定量检测结果:线性范围为20μg～0.2μg,线性方程:Y=6.0888×106+1.41573×107X,r=0.99997,,加标回收率为100.25%,仪器精密度RSD=0.45%,满足定量分析的要求     

气相色谱法测定黑色PMMA燃烧产物中的一氧化碳和二氧化碳含量

利用气相色谱法检测黑色PMMA完全燃烧烟气中的常量二氧化碳和微量一氧化碳,建立了双气路双检测器的检测方法。恒定色谱柱温度,通过定量管进样,Poropak T色谱柱预分离后,采用阀切换及柱反吹技术使不同组分分别流入5A分子筛色谱柱和Poropak N色谱柱中。5A分子筛色谱柱用于分离一氧化碳,经Ni催化甲烷化转化后用FID检测器测定;Poropak N色谱柱分离二氧化碳后进入电导检测器测定。采用峰面积法建立标准曲线,一氧化碳和二氧化碳的线性相关系数分别为0.999 9和0.999 6。用该法测定标准气体,其测定值与标准值的相对误差小于2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1%。该方法可用于烟气毒性的分析。     

三醋酸甘油酯的气相色谱分析

本文介绍了一种快速、简便的测定高含量三醋酸甘油酯的气相色谱法。本法使用10%PEG-20M涂渍在Chromosob W上的色谱柱(2 m×3 mmi.d.),以N_2作载气(40ml/min)氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),柱温180℃,汽化温度200℃,能很好地将三醋酸甘油酯与二醋酸甘油酯分离。并选用十二醇为内标物测定了十批合成样品中的三醋酸甘油酯含量,变异系数<0.4%。     

高效液相色谱法测定辣椒中的辣椒碱和二氢辣椒碱

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定辣椒中辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱的检测方法.实验考察了仪器条件、不同流动相体系、流动相配比、柱温、流速等因素对分离的影响.确定了最佳色谱条件为ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6 mm,5μm);二极管阵列检测器,辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱的最佳检测波长为280 nm;色谱柱温度为2...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备2,6-二丁基-β-环糊精毛细管柱用于气相色谱

以采用文献方法合成的化合物2,6-二丁基-β-环糊精为固定相,经溶胶-凝胶法制备了毛细管气相色谱柱。用此毛细管柱分离了难以分开的二甲苯的异构体、极性的胺类和醇类、以及非极性的烷烃类化合物。对此分离柱的色谱参数进行了测定,其不对称因子为1;柱效率是每米2 876块塔板;固定相的极性用麦氏常数之和表示是1 215;色谱分离保留时间的重现性用10次测定的相对标准偏差表示,其值小于0.3%。所有数据表明,该色谱柱性能优良。     

气体中合成辣椒素的检测方法研究

研究了气体中合成辣椒素(OC)的固体吸附-气相色谱检测方法,建立了气体样品经XAD-2吸附后于CH_2Cl_2溶液中解析,采用毛细管色谱柱分离,FTD检测器进行检测的技术途径.色谱柱:HP-5;载气:高纯氮气(1.2 mL/min);进样口温度:250℃;检测器温度:280℃;程序升温:初始温度180℃,保持0.5 min后以30℃/min的速率升至250℃保持5 min;对影响样品采集和检测的条件进行了选择研究,方法平均回收率为91.5%;平均相对标准偏差为3.2%(n=6);对气态OC的最低检出浓度为10 μg/m~3;在5.0～1000.0 μg/mL范围内有良好的线形关系(r=0.9996).     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。