UVA和UVB区段紫外线照射对DNA影响的拉曼光谱分析

本文检测了鲱鱼精DNA水溶液和经UVA和UVB紫外线辐射后的拉曼光谱。研究结果表明,尽管该区段紫外辐射远比UVC照射对DNA影响小,但经过较长时间辐射仍会对鲱鱼精DNA造成损伤,首先受影响的是碱基嘧啶和脱氧核糖。     

纯天然植物紫外吸收剂的光谱特性研究

纯天然植物紫外吸收剂是一种高安全性、无副作用且有发展前景的化妆品新型紫外吸收添加剂。纯天然植物紫外吸收剂是由对紫外光有吸收作用的草本植物通过干品粉碎,用有机溶剂萃取、真空干燥后获得。新型紫外吸收剂固体呈现暗褐色,用乙醇和水配成溶液(紫外吸收剂原液)呈淡黄色。本文主要用紫外-可见分光光度计测定新型纯天然植物紫外吸收剂的紫外吸收光谱,分析结果发现,紫外吸收剂在UVC区和UVB区其相对透射率均小于0.2%,最大值出现在UVA区约375 nm处也仅为2.1%。说明新型天然植物紫外吸收剂对紫外线有较好的吸收,能屏蔽各种波长的紫外光。     

成都地区太阳紫外辐射光谱的观测与分析

利用紫外CCD光学多道分析器,对成都地区2006年3月至7月UVA和UVB波段太阳紫外辐射光谱进行了观测,对这一地区紫外辐射的基本特征进行了统计分析。分析表明：太阳紫外辐射在一天内早晚小,中午大,一年中6月份达到最强,与太阳天顶角的变化密切相关; UVB辐射积分通量远小于UVA辐射积分通量,其比值一般小于0.04,在天气晴好时下午大于上午; 雾能导致UVB辐射积分通量与UVA辐射积分通量的比值增大,其原因是雾对UVA辐射衰减强于对UVB辐射衰减; 云对太阳紫外辐射存在异常吸收。     

1-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-4-[1′-N′-(2′,3′,4′,6′-四-o-乙酰基)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]氨基硫脲与DNA相互作用的光谱及电化学研究

紫外 -可见光谱法和循环伏安法研究了 1- (4 -氯苯甲酰基 ) - 4- [1′- N′- (2′,3′,4′,6′-四 - o-乙酰基 ) - D-吡喃葡萄糖基 ]氨基硫脲与 DNA的相互作用。该试剂与 DNA作用后 ,引起 DNA的紫外特征吸收峰呈明显的减色效应和红移现象 ,通过该试剂对溴化乙锭 - DNA紫外 -可见光谱和循环伏安曲线的影响 ,证明它与DNA发生了嵌插作用。     

1-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-4-[1''''-N''''-(2'''',3'''',4'''',6''''-四-o-乙酰基)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]氨基硫脲与DNA相互作用的光谱及电化学研究

紫外-可见光谱法和循环伏安法研究了1-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-4-[1'-N'-(2',3',4',6'-四-o-乙酰基)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]氨基硫脲与DNA的相互作用.该试剂与DNA作用后,引起DNA的紫外特征吸收峰呈明显的减色效应和红移现象,通过该试剂对溴化乙锭-DNA紫外-可见光谱和循环伏安曲线的影响,证明它与DNA发生了嵌插作用.     

太阳紫外辐射光谱的光学多道探测与分析

报道了自行研制的紫外CCD光学多道分析器及其在太阳紫外辐射光谱探测中的实际应用。紫外多道分析器光谱探测范围200～1 100 nm, 光谱分辨率0.1 nm, 光谱探测灵敏度0.02 lx。进行了成都地区UVA和UVB波段太阳紫外辐射光谱的实时探测,与常规的太阳紫外辐射探测仪器测量结果进行了比对,得到很好的相关。对所探测的太阳紫外辐射光谱进行的初步分析表明：太阳紫外辐射在一天内早晚小、中午大,与太阳天顶角(SZA)变化呈相反相关。UVB和UVA波段内不同波段的辐射量不同,长波段的辐射量一般比短波段的辐射量大。云和气溶胶对紫外辐射有重要影响,云对不同波长的辐射衰减不同。     

UV-B诱导的水稻DNA损伤和修复研究

利用单克隆抗体ELISA,研究了UV-B对水稻DNA中CPDs和6-4PPs的诱导形成,并证实了水稻幼苗中DNA损伤的光修复和暗修复的存在.经UV-B处理的水稻幼苗,DNA中CPDs和6-4PPs的积累随UV-B处理时间的增加而上升.水稻幼苗DNA损伤的暗修复能力较低,24h内仅修复约20～30%.与暗修复相比,DNA损伤的光修复进程较快;CPDs的光修复在20min内可修复50%;而6-4PPs的光修复需要1h才能完成50%修复.以上结果表明,UV-B诱导的水稻DNA损伤的修复以光修复为主,且CPDs和6-4PPs的修复活性与其它植物存在差异.     

三丁基锡化合物与DNA相互作用的光谱研究

通过紫外(UV)和圆二色(CD)光谱,研究了三丁基锡(TBT)与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的相互作用。结果表明,TBT具有双重作用。既作用于DNA的碱基部分,影响DNA双螺旋结构;又作用于DNA的磷酸基团,使构象发生变化。TBT的作用位点随时间也不同。短时间内作用,位点是DNA的碱基,紫外光谱表现为增色效应;长时间作用,位点是DNA的磷酸基团,紫外光谱表现为增色效应减弱。随着TBT浓度的增大,紫外光谱的增色效应增强。磷酸根离子浓度对TBT与DNA相互作用有影响。磷酸根的存在削弱了TBT与DNA间的相互作用,也表明TBT与DNA的作用是双重的。     

基于p53DNA的泽泻醇抗肿瘤分子机制研究

研究泽泻醇类化合物23-乙酰泽泻醇B(alisol B 23-acetate, 23B)、24-乙酰泽泻醇A(alisol A 24-acetate, 24A)混合物(24A∶23B含量比=1∶1)与抑癌基因p53DNA的作用机理,探讨泽泻醇类化合物抗肿瘤作用的分子机制。紫外-可见吸收光谱法、荧光光谱法与分子模拟联用探讨23B,24A及24A-23B混合物与p53DNA的作用方式。紫外光谱显示泽泻醇单体与其混合物部分嵌插入p53DNA,他们使p53DNA紫外吸收降低的程度为：24A∶23B(1∶1)>23B>24A。荧光光谱显示泽泻醇单体及其混合物与p53DNA的相互作用模式均为嵌插结合,结合强度为：24A∶23B(1∶1)>23B>24A。分子模拟显示,泽泻醇单体及其混合物与p53DNA结合能的大小顺序为：24A∶23B (1∶1)>23B>24A,23B与p53DNA f 链的腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸(DA4)形成1个氢键,24A-23B复合物与p53DNA的DA4、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸(DT19)形成4个氢键。24A,23B及其混合物与p53DNA结合的强度顺序：24A∶23B (1∶1)>23B>24A,表明24A和23B对抗癌靶点p53DNA具有协同作用,三者与p53DNA的作用方式均为部分嵌插结合。同时,泽泻醇化合物母环C14-和结构中的空间位阻,p53DNA f 链的DA4中磷酸上的氧原子为泽泻醇类化合物与p53DNA相互作用的关键结合位点,是该类泽泻醇发挥抗肿瘤作用的活性中心。24A侧链C19-上的羟基,p53DNA f 链的DA4中腺嘌呤上的氮原子和氧原子,e链的DT19中胸腺嘧啶上的氧原子为泽泻醇类化合物协同增效作用的关键。     

紫外辐射对小牛胸腺DNA水溶液影响的拉曼光谱研究

报道了小牛胸腺DNA水溶液经9,20,40min紫外辐射的拉曼光谱图,紫外线的辐射照度为1868W·m-2。实验结果表明波长为2537nm的紫外光在起主要作用的紫外辐射对DNA的损伤是严重的,短短10min的紫外辐射就使1094cm-1这个强峰分裂成几个小峰,说明DNA的构象受到破坏,DNA的构型发生变化,部分单双键发生了断裂,出现了各种各样由于DNA键断裂产生的多核苷酸;4种碱基均受到不同程度的影响,碱基间的氢键造成断裂,其中嘧啶、嘌呤碱基受到的损伤较为严重;紫外辐射对脱氧核糖也产生了破坏。另外,该实验也表明,在水溶液中,DNA以B型结构为主,局部的A型结构仍然存在。     

Characterization of Gafchromic EBT3 films for ultraviolet radiation dosimetry

A newly released processless Gafchromic EBT3 film was investigated for its response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) at three different wavelengths: 365 (UVA), 302 (UVB) and 254 nm (UVC). The change in the film's optical density was dependent on the radiance exposure and UV wavelength and was found to correlate with the UV intensity. The dynamic range of the EBT3 films is ～5 to ～60 J/cm² for UVA and UVB and ～5 to ～300 J/cm² for UVC. The dose sensitivity of EBT3 films for UVA and UVB radiation was approximately 10 times higher than that for UVC radiation. The results indicate the suitability of EBT3 films for quantitative and qualitative measurements of UVR exposure.     

Spectral response of radiochromic gel detector in the near-ultraviolet region (200–400 nm)

Tissue-equivalent radiochromic gel detector is sensitive in the regions of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and gamma and X-rays. This study aims to investigate the spectral response and other optical properties of the ferrous sulphate, xylenol orange and gelatin (FXG) radiochromic gel dosimeter at particular UVR wavelengths. A total of nine monochromatic wavelengths were selected in the range of 240–400 nm with an increment of 20 nm. The FXG spectral response was estimated from the variation of spectral absorbance at 560 nm resulting from 1 h exposure to UVR beam at each chosen wavelength. Experimental results show that the FXG responsivity depends on the wavelength of the radiation and the optical path in the gel material. UVC and UVB photons have relatively higher photochemical effect than UVA; however, UVA penetration is deeper. Investigations showed that the FXG gel response is relatively constant between 240 and 320 nm, but it varies rapidly with wavelength in the UVA range and takes a minimal value at 360 nm. UVR spectral absorbance curves for different gel sample thicknesses were examined. The experiment showed that 6 mm of neutral gelatin or FXG gel samples was capable of absorbing >99.7% of the beam in the UV range of 240–290 nm.     

Benzisoxazole 2‐oxides as novel UV absorbers and photooxidation inhibitors

Compounds with strong absorptions in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum, particularly the UVA and UVB, have seen much interest as UV screeners or absorbers in a wide variety of commercial products. A series of benzisoxazole 2‐oxides have been synthesized and characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy. A number of derivatives have been shown to posses moderate to strong molar absorption coefficients in the UVB range (ca. 300 nm), the strongest being those derived from benzophenones. Three other derivatives containing additional electron withdrawing groups showed strong molar absorption coefficients in the UVA (ca. 340 nm). Solvent effects on the parent derivatives show changes in the molar absorption coefficients with little changes in the λ_max values. Preliminary studies of these compounds as potential additives to prevent photooxidation of polystyrene showed considerable inhibition of polymer degradation with the parent unsubstituted benzisoxazole 2‐oxide compounds being the most effective. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Photodegradation of melanin by an interferometric technique

Photodegradation of melanin thin films is investigated for a UVA wavelength of 355 nm and a UVC wavelength of 244 nm. The technique involves interferometric exposure of melanin with two coherent beams from a low-power UV laser. The periodic photodegradation-grating pattern is monitored by diffraction of a second low-power He-Ne laser. Dependence of the photodegradation rate on UV intensity as well as the effect of ambient humidity is investigated and explained with a simple model. The technique has promise for investigating photo-induced effects in other biomolecular substrates as well.     

防晒霜紫外线透光率的测定及防晒效果分析

SPF(sun protection factor)和PA(protection UVA)指数分别反映了防晒用品对太阳光的中波紫外线UVB(ultraviolet B)和长波紫外线UVA(ultraviolet A)的抵抗能力,研究了防晒霜的防晒参数和透光率之间的关系,得到了一个简单并有意义的结果,并用光谱分析实验验证了这个结果的可靠性。利用紫外可见光分光光度计,通过乙醇—乙醚混合溶剂法测量了市面上常见品牌不同SPF和PA指数的69份防晒霜膏体样本中长波紫外线的透光率。测量结果表明光谱分析方法可以有效地区分不同SPF和PA标值的防晒霜,并可以鉴别防晒霜上所标示的指标是否准确,从而为检测防晒用品的防晒指数提供了一种行之有效的方法。如果防晒霜添加了不同类型的紫外线吸收剂或者紫外线散射剂,也可以通过透光率曲线的形状进行简单区分。也对进口品牌和国产防晒霜的防晒效果进行了实验比较,结果显示只要是正规厂家的产品,国产防晒霜和进口防晒霜在防晒效果上并没有多大的差别。     

UV protection filters by dielectric multilayer thin films on Glass BK-7 and Infrasil 301

The increasing use of Ultraviolet (UV) light in medicine, industrial environments, for cosmetic use, and even in consumer products necessitates that greater attention be paid to the potential hazards of this type of electromagnetic radiation. To avoid any adverse effects of exposure to this type of radiation, four suitable protection filters were produced to block three UV bands (UVA, UVB, and UVC). The design structure of the required dielectric multilayer filters was done by optical thin film technology using the absorbing property of UV radiation for the substrates and dielectric materials. The computer analyses of the multilayer filter formulas were prepared using Macleod Software for the production processes. The deposition technique was achieved on optical substrates (Glass BK-7 and Infrasil 301) by dielectric material combinations including Titanium dioxide (Ti₂O₃), Hafnium dioxide (HfO₂), and Lima (mixture of oxides SiO₂/Al₂O₃); deposition being achieved using an electron beam gun. The output results of the theoretical and experimental transmittance values for spectral band from 200 nm to 800 nm were discussed in four processes. To analyze the suitability for use in ‘real world’ applications, the test pieces were subjected to the durability tests (adhesion, abrasion resistance, and humidity) according to Military Standard MIL-C-675C and MIL-C-48497A.     

Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of locked single‐stranded oligo(dA) reveals conformational implications of the locked ribose in LNA

We report here the first UV resonance Raman spectroscopic (UVRRS) study on locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligomers. Locking a base in nucleic acid (NA) oligomers produces a conformational change in the glycosyl bond between backbone and base. We present evidence of this change in LNAs when compared to their natural analogs using UVRRS. Wavenumber downshifts and peak amplitude increases, especially of the ∼1481 cm⁻¹ peak that is a spectral marker for part of the glycosyl bond, correlate with the fraction of locked bases when single‐stranded oligomers incorporating up to three locked bases were examined. By varying the position of the locked base within a fixed length sequence, we conclude that one, or at most two bases, on either side of the lock is affected. We further conclude from these data, and previously published reports, that the conformation of LNA is determined by imidazole–imidazole and pyrimidine–pyrimidine repulsion and imidazole–pyrimidine attraction in contrast to dispersion attraction‐dependent aggregation in the B conformation of DNA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.