高性能核磁共振弛豫分析仪匀场系统的设计与实现

磁场的高均匀性是高性能核磁共振弛豫分析仪实现短弛豫时间样品和微弱信号核磁共振（NMR）检测的基本保障.该文以0.45 T双极型永磁体作为设计核心部件,在大范围磁体空间-25.4 mm球空间（DSV）内,基于目标场法设计了X、Y、Z、XY、XZ、YZ、Z²共7组有源匀场线圈,根据线圈供电要求,设计了可编程恒流电源,搭建了可用于高性能核磁共振弛豫分析仪磁体的有源匀场系统,介绍了系统的基本结构、设计过程及匀场方法.实验测试结果验证了大范围磁体空间内该匀场系统的实用性.     

快速核磁共振测井实现方法的研究

测井速度慢一直是核磁共振测井所面临的主要困难之一.对核磁共振测井仪器磁体系统的设计作适当改进,无疑是解决该问题的一条有效途径. 有鉴于此,本文从理论上研究和推演出了两种快速核磁共振测井实现方法(预极化方法与加速极化方法),它们对于核磁共振测井仪器的磁体系统设计具有参考价值.计算和分析证明,采用这两种方法确实有助于提高核磁共振测井速度.     

1.5T关节超导核磁共振成像主磁体电磁机械特性分析

本文设计了用于关节成像的1.5T超导核磁共振成像(MRI)主磁体的电磁结构与机械支撑结构.首先计算了主磁体成像区域及磁体周围的电磁场分布.在此基础上,采用电磁-结构耦合方法计算了主磁体与支撑结构中的应力、应变分布情况.同时分析了不同的支撑材料对磁体应力/应变的影响.给出了1.5T超导MRI主磁体支撑结构的设计标准.     

MRI、NMR低温超导磁体失超保护综述

用超导磁体制造NMR、MRI等核磁共振设备越来越普遍,超导磁体的失超保护在磁体设计中是一个很关键的问题.本文从失超保护方式,保护电路设计、加速失超方法等三个方面总结了如何为一个超导磁体尤其是核磁共振用超导磁体设计失超保护方案,指出了一些常见的问题的解决办法,最后还介绍并比较了一些常用失超模拟软件,以期为相关科研人员提供有价值的参考.     

NMR永磁体精密温度控制器的设计与实现

低场核磁共振（low-field NMR）谱仪常采用钕铁硼（NdFeB）永磁体提供静磁场.NdFeB对温度非常敏感，磁体温度变化会引起磁场漂移，影响NMR实验的可靠性.为提高低场磁共振谱仪的稳定性，本文提出了一种基于双回路控制算法的磁共振永磁体精密温度控制方案，并在0.06 T磁共振谱仪上进行验证.结果表明：24 h内控温精度达到±0.005℃；相比无温控时，质子共振频率0.5 h内漂移量由255 Hz减小至15 Hz，24 h内漂移量由4 950 Hz减小至145 Hz，有效提高了低场磁共振谱仪永磁体的稳定性.     

制冷机冷却的超导磁体在励磁时的稳定性分析

制冷机冷却的超导磁体是超导磁体技术的发展方向.在磁体励磁时,可能会因为交流损耗和稳恒漏热的共同作用而导致磁体温度上升到电流分流温度,进一步导致失超.因而励磁时的制冷机冷却的超导磁体的稳定性尤为重要.基于磁体内的漏热分析和励磁时交流损耗的计算,数值模拟了励磁时磁体的温度分布,研究了在制冷机冷却方式下超导磁体的稳定方面的问题.     

梯形高温超导磁体电磁特性仿真与实验研究

超导电动悬浮列车以超导磁体作为核心部件, 具有环境影响小、 高速下自稳定、 安全性能好等优点, 已成为高速轨道交通的重要发展方向之一. 然而, 传统的磁体线圈结构存在绕组内磁场过于集中的问题, 导致磁体的临界电流下降显著, 列车的悬浮及安全性能也受到影响. 针对现有悬浮磁体结构自场集中导致的临界电流衰减问题,本文提出了一种梯形高温超导磁体线圈结构. 建立了一种可以提升磁体临界电流计算效率的均质自洽模型, 设计了梯形结构线圈的结构参数并完成了磁体线圈的绕制. 实验和计算结果表明, 自洽模型计算的磁体临界电流与实验测量值吻合良好, 验证了模型的准确性. 利用该模型对日本山梨试验线上的全尺寸车载高温超导磁体进行了结构优化设计. 研究发现, 优化后的车载磁体绕组内磁场集中程度明显下降, 车载磁体的临界电流及目标区域的磁场强度显著提高. 本研究相关成果可为电动悬浮列车车载磁体的结构设计提供参考.     

绝热超导磁体瞬态稳定模型及其数值解法

本文对绝热稳定超导磁体的瞬态稳定性问题进行较合理的物理抽象,得到简化的三维模型,并用数值方法直接求解、计算磁体临界能和特定扰动下的失超电流,结果与实验值符合较好.文章还结合数值解讨论了临界能与初始扰动及磁体各物性参量的关系.     

随钻核磁共振测井仪探测特性研究

随钻核磁共振测井是继电缆核磁共振测井之后的重要进步,具有直接探测原状地层孔隙度、束缚水、渗透率和流体饱和度等特点,受到广泛关注. 随钻核磁共振测井需要在更加恶劣的环境下作业,对探头尤其是对磁体有更高的要求. 该文研究随钻核磁共振测井的探测特性. 基于测量环境和工作方式,分析了随钻核磁共振测井静磁场设计中的特殊问题;利用有限元方法,分别模拟了MRIL-WD（哈里伯顿）、proVISION（斯伦贝谢）和MagTrak（贝克休斯） 3种随钻核磁共振测井仪的静磁场分布;根据数值模拟结果,提出可以抑制仪器随钻具运动（轴向转动、纵向钻进和径向振动）对测量的影响的随钻核磁共振测井静磁场方案,为自主随钻核磁共振测井仪器的设计、实现和优化提供了思路和注意事项.     

不均匀不稳定磁场下高分辨液体核磁共振新技术的研究进展

高分辨核磁共振（Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR）谱的获得通常需要高度稳定且均匀的强静磁场. 阻抗磁体或阻抗－超导混合磁体可获得比超导磁体高得多的磁场, 但它们的磁场的稳定性与均匀性比较差;另一方面, 在活体定域波谱研究中,样品内部组分的磁化率差异,运动或生理活动等作用将不可避免地导致磁场的不均匀不稳定,并且这些不稳定不均匀性无法通过锁场匀场等传统的方法消除. 基于分子间零量子相干的方法、空间编码单扫描快速方法、反卷积技术等日渐成为在不均匀不稳定磁场下获取高分辨率的NMR谱的研究热点.     

A mobile one-sided NMR sensor with a homogeneous magnetic field: the NMR-MOLE

A new portable NMR sensor with a novel one-sided access magnet design, termed NMR-MOLE (MObile Lateral Explorer), has been characterised in terms of sensitivity and depth penetration. The magnet has been designed to be portable and create a volume with a relatively homogeneous magnetic field, 15,000 ppm over a region from 4 to 16 mm away from the probe, with maximum sensitivity at a depth of 10 mm. The proton NMR frequency is 3.3 MHz. We have demonstrated that with this approach a highly sensitive, portable, unilateral NMR sensor can be built. Such a design is especially suited for the characterisation of liquids in situations where unilateral or portable access is required.     

Single-sided sensor for high-resolution NMR spectroscopy

The unavoidable spatial inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field generated by open sensors has precluded their use for high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. In fact, this application was deemed impossible because these field variations are usually orders of magnitude larger than those created by the microscopic structure of the molecules to be detected. Recently, chemical shift resolved NMR spectra were observed for the first time outside a portable single-sided magnet by implementing a method that exploits inhomogeneities in the rf field designed to reproduce variations of the static magnetic field. In this communication, we describe in detail the magnet system built from permanent magnets as well as the rf coil geometry used to compensate the static field variations.     

A unilateral NMR magnet for sub-structure analysis in the built environment: the Surface GARField

A new, portable NMR magnet with a tailored magnetic field profile and a complementary radio frequency sensor have been designed and constructed for the purpose of probing in situ the sub-surface porosity of cement based materials in the built environment. The magnet is a one sided device akin to a large NMR-MOUSE with the additional design specification of planes of constant field strength /B0/ parallel to the surface. There is a strong gradient G in the field strength perpendicular to these planes. As with earlier GARField magnets, the ratio G//:B0/ is a system constant although the method of achieving this condition is substantially different. The new magnet as constructed is able to detect signals 50mm (1H NMR at 3.2 MHz) away from the surface of the magnet and can profile the surface layers of large samples to a depth of 35-40 mm by moving the magnet, and hence the resonant plane of the polarising field, relative to the sample surface. The matching radio frequency excitation/detector coil has been designed to complement the static magnetic field such that the polarising B0 and sensing B1 fields are, in principal, everywhere orthogonal. Preliminary spatially resolved measurements are presented of cement based materials, including two-dimensional T1-T2 relaxation correlation spectra.     

用于长城等古建筑探测的NMR探测器的磁体设计

以万里长城为代表的古建筑是世界瑰宝,更是中华民族的象征和骄傲.本文提出利用便携式核磁共振（NMR）装置来探测研究这类古建筑的建筑材料,在不对其造成损伤的基础上,发掘其隐含的科学、技术和工程相关的丰富信息.为此,作为第一步,设计了适合于探测这类古建筑的便携式单边NMR探测器组合式磁体.该探测器的磁体结构以semi-Halbach为基础,通过不同磁体模块间的组合得到对应移动探测模式、长距离探测模式和均匀磁场探测模式的磁体结构.随后根据优化结果,设计加工了磁体组件,并采用该磁体进行了流体、长城城砖和现代红砖的NMR实验,实测结果与模拟一致.该组合式磁体的优点在于通过不同磁体模块组合,实现了多种探测方式,适用于探测长城等这类古建筑物需要多种探测模式的科学研究.     

A portable Halbach magnet that can be opened and closed without force: the NMR-CUFF

Portable equipment for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is becoming increasingly attractive for use in a variety of applications. One of the main scientific challenges in making NMR portable is the design of light-weight magnets that possess a strong and homogeneous field. Existing NMR magnets can provide such magnetic fields, but only for small samples or in small regions, or are rather heavy. Here we show a simple yet elegant concept for a Halbach-type permanent magnet ring, which can be opened and closed with minimal mechanical force. An analytical solution for an ideal Halbach magnet shows that the magnetic forces cancel if the structure is opened at an angle of 35.3° relative to its poles. A first prototype weighed only 3.1 kg, and provided a flux density of 0.57 T with a homogeneity better than 200 ppm over a spherical volume of 5mm in diameter without shimming. The force needed to close it was found to be about 20 N. As a demonstration, intact plants were imaged and water (xylem) flow measured. Magnets of this type (NMR-CUFF = Cut-open, Uniform, Force Free) are ideal for portable use and are eminently suited to investigate small or slender objects that are part of a larger or immobile whole, such as branches on a tree, growing fruit on a plant, or non-metallic tubing in industrial installations. This new concept in permanent-magnet design enables the construction of openable, yet strong and homogeneous magnets, which aside from use in NMR or MRI could also be of interest for applications in accelerators, motors, or magnetic bearings.     

A simple, small and low cost permanent magnet design to produce homogeneous magnetic fields

A new portable, pocket-size NMR probe based on a novel permanent magnet arrangement is presented. It is based on a Halbach-type magnet design which mimics the field of a spherical dipole by using cylindrical bar and ring magnets. The magnet system is made up of only three individual magnets, and most field calculations and optimisations can be performed analytically. A prototype system has been built using a set of small, off the shelf commercially available permanent magnets. Proton linewidths of 50 ppm FWHM could be achieved at a field strength of 1T. Calculations show that with custom-sized permanent magnets, linewidths of less than 1 ppm can be achieved over sample volumes of up to 1 mm3, which would in theory enable chemical shift resolved proton spectroscopy on mass-limited samples. But even with the achieved linewidth of 50 ppm, this can be a useful portable sensor for small amounts of liquid samples with restricted molecular mobility, like gels, polymers or high viscosity liquids.     

Portable X-band system for solution state dynamic nuclear polarization

This paper concerns instrumental approaches to obtain large dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhancements in a completely portable system. We show that at fields of 0.35 T under ambient conditions and at X-band frequencies, 1H enhancements of >100-fold can be achieved using nitroxide radical systems, which is near the theoretical maximum for 1H polarization using the Overhauser effect at this field. These large enhancements were obtained using a custom built microwave transmitter and a commercial TE102 X-band resonant cavity. The custom built microwave transmitter is compact, so when combined with a permanent magnet it is readily transportable. Our commercial X-band resonator was modified to be tunable over a range of approximately 9.5-10 GHz, giving added versatility to our fixed field portable DNP system. In addition, a field adjustable Halbach permanent magnet has also been employed as another means for matching the electron spin resonance condition. Both portable setups provide large signal enhancements and with improvements in design and engineering, greater than 100-fold 1H enhancements are feasible.     

NMR detection and one-dimensional imaging using the inhomogeneous magnetic field of a portable single-sided magnet

A portable, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe is described which utilises the intrinsic inhomogeneity of the field produced by a single-sided magnet to provide spatial encoding of the NMR signal. The probe uses a longitudinally magnetized hollow cylinder, and a figure-8 radiofrequency (RF) surface coil. The system has been used to measure NMR relaxation times and one-dimensional NMR profiles of rubber phantoms.     

基于磁通门和时域数字鉴频的磁场锁定系统

永磁型磁共振仪器的磁体易受温度和其他环境磁场干扰,造成主磁场波动,进而影响仪器测量的重复性和准确性．本文讨论了两种解决磁场波动的锁定方法：一方面,通过磁通门传感器对环境波动引起的瞬态磁场进行高灵敏探测,然后采用现场可编程门阵列进行实时处理并计算磁场补偿量;另一方面,针对环境温度变化引起的缓慢磁场偏移,则采用时域数字鉴频锁场方法,在对锁样品进行射频激发后,将磁共振信号通过混频变换到较低的频率范围,再转换为方波,然后直接送入现场可编程门阵列进行周期测量,并计算磁场补偿量．将两种方法获得的磁场补偿量叠加后,再转换为电流信号驱动安装在磁体上的B₀补偿线圈,并研制了一套磁场锁定系统,以实现对磁场的锁定.在0.5 T食品快检磁共振分析仪上进行测试验证,结果显示当受到瞬态干扰时,可将磁场稳定在±4 Hz(对应磁场为±0.093 9μT)范围内,同时也可以精准测量温度造成的磁场偏移,该结果验证了本文磁场锁定方法的可行性．