Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of two inorganic–organic composite sandwich-type tungstogermanates

Two new inorganic–organic hybrid polyoxotungstates [enH₂][C₈N₄H₂₂]₃H₂[Co₄(enH)₂(GeW₉O₃₄)₂] · 6H₂O (1) and [Co(en)₃]₂H₆[Co₄(enH)₂(GeW₉O₃₄)₂] · 14H₂O (2) (en = ethylenediamine) have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized by IR, TG, XRD, XPS, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The polyoxoanion frameworks of the two compounds consist of two classical tetra-Co sandwiched polyoxoanions [Co₄(H₂O)₂(GeW₉O₃₄)₂] in which two organic ligands substitute two water molecules. The tetra-Co clusters in 1 and 2 exhibit the familiar structural type of a β-junction at the sites of metal incorporation. Compound 1 is of interest owing to its C₈N₄H₂₀ ligands resulting from the reaggregation of triethylenetetramine which occurs under 160°C.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of a new one-dimensional ladder-shaped metal-organic framework Zn(HTci)(4,4′-bipy)0.5 · H2O (H3Tci = tri(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate, 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine)

A new metal-organic coordination polymer, namely, Zn(HTci)(4,4′-Bipy)_0.5 · H₂O (I) (H₃Tci = tri(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate, 4,4′-Bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by the reaction of zinc nitrate, H₃Tci, and 4,4′-Bipy with the presence of H₂O and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that I crystallizes in the triclinic system, $P\bar 1$ space group. The unit cell parameters for I: a = 5.248(1), b = 12.537(2), c = 14.597(2) Å, α = 91.91(1)°, β = 91.22(2)°, γ = 95.75(1)°, V = 954.8(3) ų, Z = 2.     

Structure and characterization of an organic–inorganic hybrid compound: [Pr(NMP)4(H2O)4]H[SiMo12O40]·2NMP·1.5H2O

The organic–inorganic hybrid compound containing the cationic donor [Pr(NMP)₄(H₂O)₄]³⁺ and polyoxometalate acceptors of the Keggin structural type SiMo₁₂O₄₀ ^4– has been synthesized in high yield (83%). An X-ray crystallographic study showed that the crystal structure was constructed by electrostatic attraction and O—HO hydrogen bonds between coordinated water molecules and the dodesilicontungstate polyanion. Furthermore, the e.s.r. spectra in the solid state at 110 K indicate the presence of a Mo⁵⁺.     

Formation of [FeW12O40]5− under hydrothermal conditions: syntheses,crystal structures,and characterization of [Fe(2,2′-bipy)3]2[HFeW12O40] · 5H2O and (4,4′-H2bipy)6(Hpy)2(H3O)[FeW12O40]3 · 11H2O

Two supramolecular compounds based on tungstoferrate [FeW₁₂O₄₀]^5?, [Fe^II(2,2′-bipy)₃]₂[HFeW₁₂O₄₀] · 5H₂O (1), and [Hpy]₂[4,4′-H₂bipy]₆(H₃O)[FeW₁₂O₄₀]₃ · 11H₂O (2) (py = pyridine, bipy = bipyridine) were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized structurally. The hydrogen bonds between polyoxoanions and water and the edge-to-face π–π interaction between [Fe^II(2,2′-bipy)₃]²⁺ with a shortest C–C distance of 3.513 Å are the main forces to construct the 3-D architecture of 1. In 2, a 3-D supramolecular architecture is assembled by the tungstoferrate anions, protonated 4,4′-bipy cations, and water through hydrogen bonding. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities indicate that 1 is paramagnetic with μ _eff corresponding to one Fe(III) with spin-only contribution, showing that Fe in the coordination cations has a +II oxidation number and low spin state.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of a new organically templated three-dimensional open-framework gallium phosphate–phosphite (C6N2H18)2(C6N2H17)Ga15(OH)8(PO4)2(HPO4)12(HPO3)6·2H2O

Using H₃PO₃ as a phosphorus source and oxalic acid as a reducing agent, the first three-dimensional open-framework gallium phosphate–phosphite formula as (C₆N₂H₁₈)₂(C₆N₂H₁₇)Ga₁₅(OH)₈(PO₄)₂(HPO₄)₁₂(HPO₃)₆·2H₂O (1), has been hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylenediamine (TMEDA) as a structure-directing agent. Compound 1 crystallizes in trigonal system with space group P ? 3, a = b = 19.046(3) Å, c = 8.3306(17) Å, γ = 120°, V = 2617.1(7) Å³, and Z = 1. Its 3-D network is based on alternated Ga-centered (GaO₄ tetrahedra, GaO₅ trigonal bipyramids, and GaO₆ octahedra) and P-centered (PO₄^3?, HPO₄^2?, and HPO₃^2?) units. Protonated organic amines and water molecules are located in the 12-membered ring channels.     

In situ synthesis and structure of FeCl4(4,4′-diethyl-4,4′-bipyh) (bipy = bipyridine)

A novel viologen(4,4′-bipyridinium)-based compound FeCl₄(4,4′-diethyl-4,4′-bipyH) (1) (bipy = bipyridine), in which 4,4′-diethyl-4,4′-bipyH (MQ ⁺) was generated in situ, is synthesized via the hydrothermal reaction and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure analysis reveals that the title compound features an isolated structure based on 4,4′-diethyl-4,4′-bipyH moieties and an iron atom terminally bound by four chlorine atoms. The 4,4′-diethyl-4,4′-bipyH moieties and (FeCl₄)^? anions are interconnected by hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular framework.     

Two new organo-inorganic octamolybdate anion-based materials: Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of complexes [{Cu(4,4′-bipy)}4(Mo8O26)] and (NH4)10Mn(H2O)6[(NH2C6H4COO)2(Mo8O26)]2·15H2O

Two new hybrid organo-inorganic compounds [{Cu(4,4′-bipy)}₄(Mo₈O₂₆)] (bipy is bipyridyl) (1) and (NH₄)₁₀Mn(H₂O)₆[(NH₂C₆H₄COO)₂(Mo₈O₂₆)]₂· 15H₂O (2) were prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A new type of one-dimensional network consisting of four linear chains Cu—4,4′-bipy and isolated α-octamolybdate anions was found in the complex 1 structure. Complex 2 is the first example of molybdenum oxide with a template structure involving 4-aminobenzoic acid.     

An analysis of the vibrational frequencies and amplitudes of the H5O+2 ion in H4SiW12O40·6H2O (TSA·6H2O) and H3PW12O40·6H2O (TPA·6H2O)

The infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra of TSA·6H₂O and TPA·6H₂O are in agreement with those expected for the presence of H₅O⁺₂ ions. Force fields for different assignment schemes are compared with the observed vibrational frequencies and the INS spectral profile. All but two schemes are eliminated. Whilst low-resolution INS spectroscopy cannot distinguish between these two schemes, the orientations of the vibrational ellipsoids for one scheme are in better agreement with those reported from low-temperature crystallographic studies of the H₅O⁺₂ ion.     

Synthesis,structure and property of a new inorganic–organic hybrid compound [Cu(phen)2][Cu(phen)H2O]2[Mo5P2O23]·3.5H2O

A new polyoxomolybdophosphate 1, formulated as [Cu(phen)₂][Cu(phen)H₂O]₂[Mo₅P₂O₂₃]·3.5H₂O (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 12.2429(5) Å, b = 14.3543(5) Å, c = 20.0814(8) Å, α = 80.023 (1)°, β = 74.283 (1)°, γ = 66.452(1)°, V = 3105.8(2) Å³, R₁ = 0.0375, wR₂ = 0.0885, Z = 2 and GOF = 1.009. Compound 1 is constructed from diphosphopentamolybdate clusters coordinated to Cu(II)-phen units, and free water molecules, which are connected to a three-dimensional framework via π–π stacking interactions from the phen ligands. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, TG-DTA, XPS, EPR and fluorescent spectra for this compound were determined. The electrochemical properties of compound 1 are studied using cyclic voltammogram, the results indicated that the compound 1 shows good electrocatalytic activity to NO₂^?.     

Synthesis,characterization and crystal structure of a 1D heteropolytungstate [4,4′-bipyH2]2[4,4′-bipyH][PCoW11O39]·H2O

A chain-like structure compound [4,4′-bipyH₂]₂[4,4′-bipyH][PCoW₁₁O₃₉]?·?H₂O, in which lacunary polyoxoanions are joined by a Co–O–W bridge, was prepared through the hydrothermal method and characterized by IR, and X-ray crystallography. The title compound crystallizes in a monoclinic lattice, P2₁/n space group, with a?=?13.643 (3), b?=?27.052(5), c?=?15.180(3)?Å, β?=?100.63(3)°, V?=?5506.2(19)?ų, Z?=?4, R ₁?=?0.0792, wR ₂?=?0.1532. Cobalt-substituted Keggin-type subunits are connected via Co–O–W bridges to form a 1D, chainlike, polymolecular Keggin POM. TG-DTA analysis indicates the title compound decomposes at 553°C.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of K6[(UO2)4(CrO4)7]·6H2O: A layered uranyl chromate with a new uranyl sheet topology

The layered uranyl chromate, K₆[(UO₂)₄(CrO₄)₇]·6H₂O (1), has been synthesized by reacting UO₃ with K₂Cr₂O₇ under mild hydrothermal conditions. The structure of 1 is formed from UO₂²⁺ cations that are bound by chromate anions to yield a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry around the uranium centers. These polyhedra are bridged by chromate anions to yield one-dimensional _∞¹[UO₂(CrO₄)₂]²⁻ chains. The chains are similar to the _∞¹[UO₂(CrO₄)₂(H₂O)]²⁻ chains found in the previously reported one-dimensional uranyl chromate, K₂[UO₂(CrO₄)₂(H₂O)]·3H₂O, a phase that forms concomitantly with 1. These chains are condensed with the loss of the coordinated water molecules into two-dimensional _∞²[(UO₂)₄(CrO₄)₇]⁶⁻ layers with additional one-dimensional _∞¹[(UO₂)₂(CrO₄)₃]²⁻ chains. These anionic layers form a new type of anionic sheet topology and are charge balanced by both intra- and interlayer K⁺ cations. Crystallographic data (193 K): 1, orthorhombic, space group P2₁2₁2, a=10.9583(5) Å, b=22.582(1) Å, c=7.9552(4) Å, Z=2, MoKα, λ=0.71073, R(F)=1.77% for 268 parameters with 4657 reflections with I>2σ(I).     

Two new organic–inorganic complexes associating the radical anion ABTS·– and the inorganic cation Ca2+: Ca0.55(ABTS)(H2O)x and Ca5(ABTS)6(H2O)29

The synthesis, crystal structure determination and physical properties of two new charge transfer salts containing the azinobisethylbenzothiazoline (ABTS) anion are described. Electrochemical oxidation in water of the diammonium salt of ABTS in presence of calcium chloride yields black single crystals of two new compounds with different morphologies. The needle-like crystals with Ca_0.55(ABTS)(H₂O)_x formula (x depending on the temperature) belong to the monoclinic symmetry, space group C2/c and cell parameters a=21.568(5), b=14.535(5), c=8.0278(17) Å, β=108.32(3)° at room temperature and a=22.180(4), b=14.288(3), c=8.0823(16) Å, β=108.13(3)°, with a lowering of the symmetry, space group Cc, at 200 K. The plate-shaped crystals formulated as Ca₅(ABTS)₆(H₂O)₂₉ belong also to the monoclinic symmetry with P2₁ space group and cell parameters a=11.222(2), b=37.991(8), c=19.327(4) Å, β=106.37(3)° at 200 K. The structure analysis of the first phase shows a one-dimensional character based on the stacking of organic molecules creating channels in which Ca²⁺ cations and water molecules are located. The second phase can be described as an alternation of organic and inorganic layers corresponding to a bidimensional hybrid network. The magnetic and electrical properties will be discussed.     

Synthesis and characterization of two new inorganic–organic hybrid cobalt molybdenum(V) phosphates

Two new inorganic–organic hybrid cobalt phosphomolybdates (Hdien)₂[Co(dien)]₂[Co(dien)(H₂O)]₂[CoMo₁₂O₂₄(HPO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)₂(PO₄)₄(OH)₆]?···?5H₂O (1) and (H₂dien)₂[Co(dien)]₂[Co(H₂O)₂]₂[CoMo₁₂O₂₄(HPO₄)₄(PO₄)₄(OH)₆]?···?7H₂O (2) (dien?=?diethylenetriamine), involving molybdenum in the V oxidation state and covalently bonded transition metal complexes, have been prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, TG analyses, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 exhibits a one-dimensional (1D) chain framework, in which dien molecules adopt two kinds of coordination modes. Compound 2 shows a two-dimensional (2D) layer framework with three types of unusual tunnels. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time [Co(dien)] units are directly incorporated into 1D and 2D skeletons of reduced molybdenum phosphates. The electrochemical properties of the two compounds were studied via the method of bulk-modified carbon paste electrodes. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of compound 2 are reported.     

An organic–inorganic polymer with Keggin-type polyoxoanions as building blocks: preparation,characterization and crystal structure of {H[Ba(DMF)6PMo12O40]·(dma)} n

A novel organic–inorganic polymer of {H[Ba(DMF)₆(PMo₁₂O₄₀)]·(dma)} _n (dma?=?dimethylamine, DMF?=?N,N-dimethylformamide) has been synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis indicates that the title compound crystallizes in a monoclinic lattice, C2/c with a?=?22.336(5), b?=?12.798(3), c?=?21.498(4)?Å, β?=?99.77(3)°, Z?=?4, V?=?6065(2)?ų, D _c ?=?2.673?Mg?m^?3, F(000)?=?4620, R ₁?=?0.0600, wR ₂?=?0.1125. Crystal structural analysis reveals that Ba²⁺ ion lies in a distorted square antiprismatic environment with eight oxygen atoms, six from DMF molecules and two from adjacent polyanions. [Ba(DMF)₆]²⁺ ions coordinated to [PMo₁₂O₄₀]^3? building blocks form a 1D corrugated chain. The results of the single crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectra show the metal cations are coordinated to Keggin clusters. The ESR spectra show that the title compound is strongly photosensitive towards sunlight. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the title compound undergoes five two-electron reversible reductions and the [PMo₁₂O₄₀]^3? anions are the active centers for electrochemical redox reactions in solution.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structure characterization of two six-connected metal–organic frameworks based on the mixed ligands

Two metal–organic frameworks, namely, [Ni₂(BIMB)₂(ndd)₂·H₂O]_n (1) and [Zn₃(ndd)_2.5(μ₃-OH)(1,3-dpp)]_n (2) (H₂ndd = 2,2′-(naphthalene-1,5-diylbis(oxy))diacetic acid, BIMB = 1,4-bis[(1H-imidazol-1-ly)methyl]benzene, 1,3-dpp = 1,3-di(pyridin-4-yl)propane) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Compound 1 presents a two-dimensional network with point symbol of (3⁶·4⁶·5³)-hxl topology. Moreover, compound 2 displays a novel 2-fold interpenetrated structure with the point symbol of (4¹²·6³)-pcu topology based on the hexanuclear [Zn₆(CO₂)₁₀(N)₄] unit as a six-connected node. Meanwhile, compound 2 shows good fluorescence property in the solid state at room temperature.     

Structure of Coordination Polymer,[Zn (bipy) (H2O) 3SO4] · 2H2O (bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine)

The crystal of the title compound (C10H18N2O9SZn Mr= 407. 69) belongs to the hexagonal system, space group P65 with cell parameters: a= 11. 411(2), c=20. 908(4) A, V=2357.7(7)A 3, Z=6, Dc=1. 723g/cm3, F(000)=1260,μ(MoKα) =1. 743mm-1. The final R and wR factors are 0. 072 and 0. 178 respectively for 1335 observed reflections. In the structure, zinc ions are bridged by 4,4'-bipyridine to form infinite chains. The sheets containing parallel chains stack along a 65 screw axis to give a helical staircase motif. The helical structure is mainly controlled by the hydrogen bonds.     

Hydrothermal synthesis,crystal structure and fluorescence of a 3D organic–inorganic hybrid coordination network [CuI(4,4′-bipy)]4[ δ -Mo8O26] exhibiting an interesting polymorphism

A new three-dimensional (3D) extended solid [Cu^I(4,4′-bipy)]₄[δ-Mo₈O₂₆] (1) built on {Cu(4,4′-bipy)}⁺ (bipy?=?bipyridine) and isopolymolybdate anion [δ-Mo₈O₂₆]^4? has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 shows six coppers bonded to [δ-Mo₈O₂₆]^4? to form inorganic planes which are linked by 4,4′-bipy into a 3D network, the first example of [δ-Mo₈O₂₆]^4? six-connected linkage based on an organic-inorganic coordination polymer. A polymorphism of compound 1 was found which has an identical molecular formula but absolutely different structure. The influence of the synthesis conditions of 1 has been studied. Furthermore, the fluorescence of 1 is reported.