Synthesis, structural characterization and electrochemical studies of nickel(II), copper(II) and cobalt(III) complexes of some ONS donor ligands derived from thiosemicarbazide and S-alkyl/aryl dithiocarbazates

Four tridentate ONS ligands, namely 2-hydroxyacetophenonethiosemicarbazone (H₂L¹), the 2-hydroxyacetophenone Schiff base of S-methyldithiocarbazate (H₂L²), the 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde Schiff base of S-methyldithiocarbazate (H₂L³), and the 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde Schiff base of S-benzyldithiocarbazate (H₂L⁴), and their complexes of general formula [Ni(HL¹)₂], [ML] (M?=?Ni^II or Cu^II; L?=?L¹, L², L³ and L⁴), [Co(HL)(L); L?=?L¹, L², L³ and L⁴] and [ML(B)] (M?=?Ni^II or Cu^II; L?=?L² and L⁴; B?=?py, PPh₃) have been prepared and characterized by physico-chemical techniques. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that the Schiff bases behave as ONS tridentate chelating agents. X-ray crystallographic structure determination of [NiL²(PPh₃)] and [CuL⁴(py)] indicates that these complexes have an approximately square-planar structure with the Schiff bases acting as dinegatively charged ONS tridentate ligands coordinating via the phenoxide oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and thiolate sulfur atoms. The electrochemical properties of the complexes have been studied by cyclic voltammetry.     

New complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) with Schiff bases functionalised with 1,3,4-thiadiazole: spectral,magnetic, biological and thermal characterisation

Schiff bases obtained by the condensation of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole with 2,4-pentandione or 1-phenyl-1,3-butandione were synthesized and characterized in order to obtain polydentate ligands HL¹ and HL², respectively. The complexes with these ligands of the type M(L)Cl·nH₂O [(1) M:Ni, L:L¹, n = 0.5; (3) M:Ni, L:L², n = 0.5]; [(2) M:Cu, L:L¹, n = 1; (4) M:Cu, L:L², n = 0] were also synthesized and characterized. The modifications evidenced in IR spectra of complexes were correlated with the presence of monodeprotonate Schiff bases. The electronic spectra display the characteristic pattern of square-planar stereochemistry. The in vitro qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial activity assays showed that the new complexes exhibited variable antimicrobial activity. The thermal analyses have evidenced the thermal intervals of stability and also the thermodynamic effects that accompany them. Schiff bases and complexes have a similar thermal behaviour. Processes as water elimination, melting, chloride anion removal as well as oxidative degradation of the organic ligands were observed.     

Spectroscopic characterization and electrochemical studies of ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes containing bidentate Schiff bases and triphenylphosphine or a nitrogen heterocycle

Reactions of ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes of the type [RuHCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂(B)] [B?=?PPh₃, pyridine (py), piperidine (pip) or morpholine (mor)] with bidentate Schiff base ligands derived from the condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with aniline, o-, m- or p-toluidine in a 1?:?1 mol ratio in benzene resulted in the formation of complexes formulated as [RuCl(CO)(L)(PPh₃)(B)] [L?=?bidentate Schiff base anion, B?=?PPh₃, py, pip, mor]. The complexes were characterized by analyses, IR, electronic and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetric studies. In all cases, the Schiff bases replace one molecule of phosphine and a hydride ion from the starting complexes, indicating that Ru–N bonds in the complexes containing heterocyclic nitrogenous bases are stronger than the Ru–P bond to PPh₃. Octahedral geometry is proposed for the complexes.     

Synthesis,spectral studies,and antimicrobial activity of binary and ternary Cu(II), Ni(II), and Fe(III) complexes of new hexadentate Schiff bases derived from 4,6-diacetylresorcinol and amino acids

Two new hexadentate N₂O₄ donor Schiff bases, H₄L¹ and H₄L², were synthesized by condensation of 4,6-diacetylresorcinol with glycine and alanine, respectively. The structures of the ligands were elucidated by elemental analyses, IR, ¹H NMR, electronic, and mass spectra. Reactions of the Schiff bases with copper(II), nickel(II), and iron(III) nitrates in 1 : 2 molar ratio gave binuclear metal complexes and, in the presence of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) or 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) as secondary ligands (L′), mixed-ligand complexes in two molar ratios 1 : 2 : 2 and 1 : 2 : 1 (L¹/L² : M : L′). The complexes were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, IR, electronic, mass, and ESR spectral studies, as well as conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The spectroscopic data reveal that the Schiff-base ligands were dibasic or tetrabasic hexadentate ligands. The coordination sites with the metal ions are two azomethine nitrogens, two oxygens of phenolic groups, and two oxygens of carboxylic groups. Copper(II) complexes were octahedral and square planar while nickel(II) and iron(III) complexes were octahedral. The Schiff bases, H₄L¹ and H₄L², and some of their metal complexes showed antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas phaseolicola) bacteria and antifungal activity towards the fungi Fusarium oxysporium and Aspergillus fumigatus.     

Synthesis,characterization and biological studies of oxovanadium(IV) complexes with triazole‐derived Schiff bases

A series of triazole‐derived Schiff bases (L¹–L⁵) and their oxovanadium(IV) complexes have been synthesized. The chemical structures of Schiff bases were characterized by their analytical (CHN analysis) and spectral (IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and mass spectrometry) data, and oxovanadium(IV) complexes were elucidated by their physical (magnetic susceptibility and conductivity), analytical (CHN analysis), conductance measurements and electronic spectral data. The molar conductivity data indicate the oxovanadium(IV) complexes to be non‐electrolyte. The Schiff bases act as bidentate and coordinate with the oxovanadium(IV)‐forming stoichiometry of a complex as [M (L‐H)₂] where M = VO and L = L¹–L⁵ in a square‐pyramidal geometry. The agar well diffusion method was used for in vitro antibacterial screening against E. coli, S. flexenari, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. aureus and B. subtilis and for antifungal activity against T. longifucus, C. albican, A. flavus, M. canis, F. solani and C. glaberata. The biological activity data show the oxovanadium(IV) complexes to be more antibacterial and antifungal than the parent Schiff bases against one or more bacterial and fungal strains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Syntheses,Spectral, and Biological Studies of New Imines Derived From 5-Bromothiophene-2-Carboxaldehyde and Their Si(IV), Sn(IV) Complexes

The Schiff bases (imines) HL¹ and HL² have been synthesized by the reaction of 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde with 4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and 4-amino-3-ethyl-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, respectively. Organosilicon(IV) and organotin(IV) complexes having the general formulae R₂MCl(L¹), R₂MCl(L²), R₂M(L¹)₂, R₂M(L²)₂, (M = Si, Sn; R = CH₃) were synthesized by the reaction of R₂MCl₂ with these Schiff bases in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been characterized with the aid of elemental analyses, molar conductance, and spectroscopic studies, including UV, IR, ¹H, ¹³C, MS, ²⁹Si, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectroscopy. On the basis of these studies, the resulting complexes have been proposed to have trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral geometries. In vitro activities of the Schiff bases and their metal complexes against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungi have been carried out and described.     

Synthesis,electrochemical and antimicrobial studies of mono and binuclear iron(III) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes of [ONO] donor tridentate Schiff-base ligands

Tridentate Schiff bases (H₂L¹ or H₂L²) were derived from condensation of acetylacetone and 2-aminophenol or 2-aminobenzoic acid. Binuclear square pyramidal complexes of the type [M₂(L¹)₂]?·?nH₂O (M?=?Fe–Cl, n?=?0; M?=?VO, n?=?1) were accessed from interaction of H₂L¹ with anhydrous FeCl₃ and VOSO₄?·?5H₂O, respectively. A similar reaction with H₂L², however, produced mononuclear complexes [ML²(H₂O) _x ]?·?nH₂O (M=Fe–Cl, x?=?0, n?=?0; M=VO, x?=?1, n?=?1). The compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and NMR (for ligand only), and mass spectroscopies and solution electrical conductivity studies. Magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest antiferromagnetic exchange in binuclear Fe(III) and VO(IV) complexes. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) provided unambiguous evidence for the presence of coordinated as well as lattice water in [VOL²(H₂O)]?·?H₂O. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed well-defined redox processes corresponding to Fe(III)/Fe(II) and VO(V)/VO(IV). In vitro antimicrobial activities of the compounds were investigated against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Proteus vulgaris. H₂L¹ and its binuclear complexes exhibited pronounced activity against all the microorganisms tested.     

Synthesis,characterization, and biological properties of Ni(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) complexes of Schiff bases derived from 4-aminobenzylamine

New Schiff bases, N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-4-aminobenzylamine (H₂L¹), N,N′-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-4-aminobenzylamine (H₂L²), and N,N′-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene)-4-aminobenzylamine (H₂L³), with their nickel(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, electronic absorption, FT-IR, magnetic susceptibility, and conductance measurements. For the ligands, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and mass spectra were obtained. The tetradentate ligands coordinate to the metal ions through the phenolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogens. The keto-enol tautomeric forms of the Schiff bases H₂L¹, H₂L², and H₂L³ have been investigated in polar and apolar solvents. All compounds were non-electrolytes in DMSO (～10^?3 M) according to the conductance measurements. Antimicrobial activities of the Schiff bases and their complexes have been tested against Acinobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus megaterium, Corynebacterium xerosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Rhodotorula rubra, and Kluyveromyces marxianus by the disc diffusion method; biological activity increases on complexation.     

Cu(II) complexes with 4-amino-3,5-dimethyl isoxazole and substituted aromatic aldehyde Schiff bases: synthesis,crystal structure,antimicrobial activity,DNA binding and cleavage studies

Three isoxazole Schiff bases 2-((E)-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-ylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (L¹), 2-((E)-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-ylimino)methyl)-4,6-diiodophenol (L²), 2-((E)-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-ylimino)methyl)-6-bromo-4-chlorophenol (L³), and their Cu(II) complexes [Cu(L¹)₂] (1), [Cu(L²)₂] (2) and [Cu(L³)₂] (3) were synthesized. All the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, ESI mass, UV-Visible, ESR, TGA, magnetic moments, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on analytical data, a square planar geometry is assigned to the Cu(II) complexes with N₂O₂ donors from the Schiff base ligands. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements of 1 and 2 confirmed the square planar geometry. DNA binding studies from electronic absorption titrations, viscosity measurements, and fluorescence quenching studies indicated an intercalation mode of binding of Cu(II) complexes with CT-DNA. DNA cleavage experiments of Cu(II) complexes with supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA have also been investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of H₂O₂ (oxidative cleavage) and UV light (photolytic cleavage). The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtillis and Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) activities by the paper disk method. The Cu(II) complexes showed better activity than corresponding Schiff bases.     

Spectroscopic,thermal and antimicrobial properties of the copper(II) complex of Schiff base derived from 2‐(salicylidene) aminopyridine

Schiff bases and their complex combinations with metallic ions represent a class of compounds with antimicrobial activity. A ligand was prepared by condensation of the salicylaldehyde with 2‐aminopyridine obtaining 2‐(salicylidene) aminopyridine (SB) with a high capacity for complexing Cu(II) ions. The new compound has been characterized by physical constants (melting point, solubility, stability) and the chemical structure was confirmed by elemental, spectral (IR, UV–visible, ¹H NMR and ¹³C‐NMR) and thermal analyses. The elemental analysis gives a coordination ratio of 1:2 metal:Schiff base. Lethal dose 50 (DL₅₀) values of new Schiff base and their complex with metallic ions were established. The antimicrobial activity of this complex was tested in comparison with the activity of the corresponding Schiff base on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Klebsiella. These were compared with the activity of the reference drugs (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ofloxacin and nystatin) on the above‐mentioned strains. It has been established that all compounds tested were very active against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and antibacterial activity of manganese(III) and cobalt(III) complexes containing pentadentate Schiff bases of a common amine and thiocyanate

Abstract

Four new mononuclear Schiff base manganese(III) and cobalt(III) complexes viz. [Mn(L¹)(NCS)] (1), [Mn(L²)(NCS)] (2), [Co(L³)(NCS)] (3), and [Co(L⁴)(NCS)]·0.5CH₃OH·0.5H₂O (4), containing thiocyanate as a common pseudohalide ion are reported. The pentadentate Schiff base ligands H₂L¹, H₂L², H₂L³, and H₂L⁴ were obtained by the condensation of substituted salicylaldehydes with N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-methylpropane-1,3-diamine. The syntheses of the complexes have been achieved by the reaction of manganese(II) perchlorate or cobalt(II) perchlorate with the respective Schiff bases in the presence of thiocyanate in methanol medium. Complexes 1–4 have been characterized by microanalytical, spectroscopic, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other physicochemical studies. Structural studies reveal that 1–4 adopt nearly similar structures containing the MN₄O₂ (M?=?Mn, Co) chromophore in which each central M(III) ion adopts a distorted octahedral geometry. Weak intermolecular H-bonding interactions are operative in these complexes to bind the molecular units. The antibacterial activity of 1–4 and their constituent Schiff bases has been tested against some common bacteria.     

Syntheses,characterizations, and antimicrobial activities of binuclear ruthenium(III) complexes containing 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives

Binuclear ruthenium(III) complexes [RuX₃L]₂?·?nH₂O (X?=?Cl, L?=?L¹, L², L³; n?=?1, L⁴ and L⁵, X?=?Br; L?=?L³), [RuX₃L_1.5]₂?·?nH₂O (X?=?Br, L?=?L¹; n?=?0, L⁴; n?=?6 and L⁵; n?=?10), and [RuX₃L₂]₂ (X?=?Br, L?=?L²) have been isolated by treatment of hydrated RuX₃ (X?=?Cl/Br) in acetone with 2-(2′-aminophenylbenzimidazole) (L¹), 2-(3′-aminophenylbenzimidazole) (L²), 2-[(3′-N-salicylidinephenyl)benzimidazole] (L³), 2-(3′-pyridylbenzimidazole) (L⁴), and 2-(4′-pyridylbenzimidazole) (L⁵) in acetone. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, electronic, EPR, and mass spectral studies. The complexes were dimeric; based on analytical and spectral studies, an octahedral geometry was proposed for the complexes. The synthesized complexes were screened against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.     

New diorganotin(IV) complexes with some Schiff bases derived from β-diketones: synthesis,spectral properties,thermal analysis,and antibacterial activity

The Schiff bases H₂L^a, H₂L^b, and H₂L^c have been prepared from the reaction of 2-amino-4-chlorophenol with acetylacetone, benzoylacetone, and dibenzoylmethane, respectively. Organotin(IV) complexes [SnPh₂(L^a)] (1), [SnPh₂(L^b)] (2), [SnPh₂(L^c)] (3), and [SnMe₂(L^c)] (4) have been synthesized from the reaction of SnPh₂Cl₂ and SnMe₂Cl₂ with these Schiff bases. The synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR, ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectroscopy. Spectroscopic data suggest the Schiff bases are completely deprotonated and coordinated tridentate to tin via imine nitrogen and phenolic and enolic oxygen atoms; the coordination number of tin is five. Thermal decomposition of the complexes has been studied by thermogravimetry. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the Schiff bases and their complexes have been evaluated against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. H₂L^a, H₂L^c, and all complexes exhibited good activities and have potential as drugs.     

Synthesis,spectral, and biological studies of transition metal chelates of N-[1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole]salicylaldimine

Tridentate chelate complexes M[LX?·?2H₂O], where M?=?Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) have been synthesized from the Schiff base L?=?N-[1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole]salicylaldimine and X?=?Cl. Microanalytical data, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, IR, ¹H-NMR, mass, and EPR techniques were used to confirm the structures. Electronic absorption spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest square-planar geometry for copper complex and octahedral for other metal complexes. EPR spectra of copper(II) complex recorded at 300?K confirm the distorted square-planar geometry of the copper(II) complex. Biological activities of the ligand and metal complexes have been studied on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans by the well diffusion method. The activity data show the metal complexes to be more potent than the parent ligand against two bacterial species and one fungus. The electrochemical behavior of the copper complex was studied by cyclic voltammetry.     

Photochemical reactions of group VIB metal carbonyls with heterocyclic Schiff bases derived from 4-amino -3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole

The new complexes, M(CO)₅(Schiff base) [M?=?Cr; 1, Mo; 2, W; 3, Schiff base?=?4-salicylidenamino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, SAHMT, a; 4-(2-hydroxynaphthylidenamino)-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 2HNAHMT, b; 4-(3-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4- triazole, 3HBAHMT, c; 4-(4-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4- triazole, 4HBAHMT, d; 4-(5-bromosalicylidenamino)-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 5BrSAHMT, e; were synthesized by photochemical reaction of metal carbonyls M(CO)₆ (M?=?Cr, Mo, W) with new heterocyclic Schiff bases derived from 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, a–e. The ligands and complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, EI-mass spectrometry, FT-IR, ¹H and ¹³C-{¹H}-NMR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic studies show that Schiff bases, a–e, are monodentate and coordinate via azomethine N donor to the central metal atom in M(CO)₅(Schiff base) (M?=?Cr, Mo, W).     

Dinuclear Schiff-base copper(II) complexes with various bridging groups

Three new centrosymmetric dinuclear copper(II) complexes, [Cu₂Cl₂(L¹)₂] (1), [Cu₂(μ _1,3-NCS)₂(L²)₂] (2), and [Cu₂(μ _1,1-N₃)₂(L³)₂] (3), where L¹, L², and L³ are the deprotonated forms of the Schiff bases 1-[(2-propylaminoethylimino)methyl]naphthalen-2-ol (HL¹), 1-[(3-methylaminopropylimino)methyl]naphthalen-2-ol (HL²), and 2-[(2-isopropylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol (HL³), respectively, have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Each Cu is coordinated by the three donors of the Schiff bases and by two bridging groups, forming a square-pyramidal geometry.     

Metal‐based antibacterial and antifungal amino acid derived Schiff bases: their synthesis,characterization and in vitro biological activity

A new series of antibacterial and antifungal amino acid derived Schiff bases and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments, IR and electronic spectral measurements. The spectral data indicated the Schiff base ligands ( L ₁– L ₅) derived by condensation of salicylaldehyde with glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, methionine and cysteine, to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions (cobalt, copper, nickel and zinc) via the azomethine‐N, deprotonated carboxyl group of the respective amino acid and deprotonated oxygen atom of salicylaldehyde by a stoichiometric reaction of M: L (1:2) to form complexes of the type K₂[M( L )₂] [where M = Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)]. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggested that all complexes have an octahedral geometry. Elemental analyses and NMR spectral data of the ligands and their Zn (II) complexes agree with their proposed structures. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes, were screened for their in‐vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexeneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram ‐ positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains and for in‐vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against one or more species as compared with the uncomplexed Schiff base ligands. The brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out to study their in‐vitro cytotoxic properties. Only three compounds ( 2, 11 and 17 ) displayed potent cytotoxic activity as LD₅₀ = 8.196 × 10^?4, 7.315 × 10^?4 and 5.599 × 10^?4 M /ml respectively, against Artemia salina. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes of 2-(5-Cl/NO2-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-Br/NO2-phenols

The compounds of 2-(5-chloro/nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-bromo/nitrophenols (HL_X : X = 1–4) and their copper(II) nitrate and iron(III) nitrate complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The structures of the complexes were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, molar conductivity and magnetic moment measurements, FT-IR, mass, and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. The complexes show high-thermal stability with >350°C m.p. In all complexes, the ligands are bidentate via one imine nitrogen and a phenolate oxygen. Cu(II) complexes having 1 : 2 M : L ratio are classified as non-electrolytes, whereas 1 : 1 M : L ratio is observed in Fe(III) complexes except [Fe(L₃)₂(H₂O)₂](NO₃) ? 3H₂O. The antimicrobial activities of the ligands and the complexes were evaluated using the disc diffusion method in DMSO as well as minimum inhibitory concentration dilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. Antifungal activities were reported for Candida albicans. The complexes [Fe(L₃)₂(H₂O)₂](NO₃) ? 3H₂O and [Cu(L₃)₂] ? 2H₂O are more effective against S. epidermidis than ciprofloxacin.     

Diorganotin(IV) complexes with furan-2-carbohydrazone derivatives: synthesis,characterization, crystal structure and antibacterial activity

Four new diorganotin(IV) complexes, R₂SnL (L?=?L^a: R?=?Me 1, Ph 2; L?=?L^b: R?=?Me 3, and Ph 4), have been synthesized by reaction of hydrazone ONO donors, 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde furan-2-carbohydrazone (H₂L^a) and 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde furan-2-carbohydrazone (H₂L^b) with diorganotin(IV) dichloride in the presence of a base. The compounds have been investigated by elemental analysis and IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectroscopies. Spectroscopic studies show that the hydrazone is a tridentate dianionic ligand, coordinating via the imine nitrogen and phenolic and enolic oxygens. The structures of H₂L^b and 3 have also been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The results show that the structure of 3 is a distorted square pyramid with imine nitrogen in apical position. The in vitro antibacterial activities of ligands and complexes have been evaluated against gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. H₂L^a and H₂L^b show no activity but the diphenyltin(IV) complexes exhibit good activities towards two bacterial strains in comparison with standard bacterial drugs.     

The relationship between ligand structures and their CoII and NiII complexes: Synthesis and characterization of novel dimeric CoII/CoIII complexes of bis(thiosemicarbazone)

4,6-Diacetylresorcinol serves as a starting point for the generation of multidentate S/N/O or O/N/O symmetrical chelating agents by condensation with thiosemicarbazide or semicarbazide to yield the corresponding bis(thiosemicarbazone) H₄L¹ or bis(semicarbazone) H₄L², respectively. Reaction of H₄L¹ and H₄L² with M(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (M?=?Co or Ni) afforded dimeric complexes for H₄L¹ and binuclear complexes for H₄L², revealing the tendency of S to form bridges. The dimeric cobalt complexes of H₄L¹ are very interesting in that they contain Co^II/Co^III, side/side, low-spin octahedral coordinated Co^III-ions and high-spin square-planar coordinated Co^II-ions. These complexes have the general formula [(H₂L¹)₂Co₂(H₂O) (NO₃)]·nEtOH. Arguments supporting these anomalous Co^II/Co^III structures are based on a pronounced decrease in their magnetic moments, elemental and thermal analyses, visible and IR spectra, as well as their unreactivity towards organic bases such as 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2′-bipyridine (Bpy), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (Tmen) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine, Ox). The dimeric octahedral Ni^II complex [(H₂L¹)₂Ni₂(H₂O)₄]·3H₂O showed higher reactivity towards phen and Bpy and formed adducts; [(HL¹)Ni₂(B)(H₂O)₅] NO₃ (B?=?phen or Bpy). In the presence of oxine, the dimeric brown paramagnetic octahedral complex [(H₂L¹)₂Ni₂(H₂O)₄]·3H₂O was transformed to the dimeric brick-red diamagnetic square-planar complex [(H₃L¹)₂Ni₂](NO₃)₂. The latter showed dramatic behavior in its ¹H NMR spectrum in DMSO-d ₆, which was explained on the basis of H⁺-transfer. By contrast, the binuclear Ni^II–H₄L² complex (11) showed higher reactivity towards phen, Bpy and oxine. These reactions afforded mixed dimeric complexes having the molar ratio 2?:?2?:?1 (Ni^II?:?H₄L²?:?base). The binuclear Co^II–H₄L² complex afforded an adduct with phen and trinuclear complexes with Bpy and oxine. All complexes were found to be unreactive towards Tmen. Structural characterization was achieved by elemental and thermal analyses, spectral data (electronic, IR, mass and ¹H NMR spectra) and conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements.