Equilibrium investigation of complex formation reactions involving copper(II), nitrilo-tris(methyl phosphonic acid) and amino acids,peptides or DNA constitutents. The kinetics,mechanism and correlation of rates with complex stability for metal ion promoted hydrolysis of glycine methyl ester

The complex formation reactions of [Cu(NTP)(OH₂)]^4? (NTP?=?nitrilo-tris(methyl phosphonic acid)) with some selected bio-relevant ligands containing different functional groups, are investigated. Stoichiometry and stability constants for the complexes formed are reported. The results show that the ternary complexes are formed in a stepwise mechanism whereby NTP binds to copper(II), followed by coordination of amino acid, peptide or DNA. Copper(II) is found to form Cu(NTP)H _n species with n?=?0, 1, 2 or 3. The concentration distribution of the various complex species has been evaluated. The kinetics of base hydrolysis of glycine methyl ester in the presence of copper(II)-NTP complex is studied in aqueous solution at different temperatures. It is proposed that the catalysis of GlyOMe ester occurs by attack of OH^? ion on the uncoordinated carbonyl carbon atom of the ester group. Activation parameters for the base hydrolysis of the complex [Cu(NTP)NH₂CH₂CO₂Me]^4? are, ΔH^±?=?9.5?±?0.3?kJ?mol^?1 and ΔS^±?=??179.3?±?0.9?J?K^?1?mol^?1. These show that catalysis is due to a substantial lowering of ΔH^±.     

Synthesis of a heterodinuclear ruthenium(II)–platinum(II) complex linked by l-cysteine methyl ester

A potential anticancer heterodinuclear ruthenium(II)–platinum(II) complex, [ruthenium(II)(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)₂(5-(l-cysteine-methyl ester)-1,10-phenanthroline)-trans-chlorodiammineplatinum(II)] chloride, [Ru(Me₂bipy)₂(5-(l-cysteine-Me)-phen)-trans-Pt(NH₃)₂Cl]Cl₃, was synthesised. l-Cysteine methyl ester was used to link the two metal centres, as more conventional straight chain diaminoalkanes and 2-mercaptoethylamine failed to couple to the phenanthroline ligand. From the precursor mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes, which were separated into their Δ- and Λ-isomers by column chromatography, the dinuclear complex was synthesised and characterised by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, UV–Vis, circular dichroism, fluorescence and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry.     

工业氨基三甲叉膦酸中副产物的核磁共振分析

采用多种核磁共振(NMR)技术测定了工业氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATMP)产品中副产物的分子结构，发现该物质为甲氨基二甲叉膦酸(MADMP)，它是甲醛歧化反应导致的副产物；给出了可能的反应方程式；测出了MADMP的相对含量，MADMP与ATMP摩尔比约为2。     

Complexing properties of methyl and phenyl glycine derivatives in their compounds with H+, Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)

The influence of the solvent and the substituents on the complexing properties of methyl and phenyl glycine derivatives is discussed. On the basis of a computer analysis of potentiometric titration results, the composition and the stability constants of the complexes ofN-methylglycine,N,N-dimethylglycine,N-phenylglycine and phenylglycine with H⁺ and with Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) were determined. The ligand-metal coordination mode as well as the zwitterion level in percent in ligand/proton systems were determined by spectral analyses and equilibria studies.

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Komplexbildung der Methyl- und Phenylglycin-Derivate in ihren Verbindungen mit dem Proton und Ni(II), Cu(II) und Zn(II)

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß des Lösungsmittels und der Substituenten auf die komplexbildenden Eigenschaften der Methyl- und Phenylglycin-Derivate wird diskutiert. Anhand einer Computer-Analyse von potentiometrischen Daten wurden die Zusammensetzung und die Beständigkeitskonstanten der Komplexe vonN-Methylglycin,N,N-Dimethylglycin,N-Phenylglycin und Phenylglycin mit H⁺, Ni(II), Cu(II) und Zn(II) festgestellt. Mittels spektroskopischer Methoden und Gleichgewichtstudien wurde der Koordinationstyp des Liganden mit dem Metall festgestellt sowie der Prozentanteil des Zwitterions im Ligand/Proton-System.

     

Complex formation reactions of palladium(II)-1,3-diaminopropane with various biologically relevant ligands. Kinetics of hydrolysis of glycine methyl ester through complex formation

The interaction of [Pd(DAP)(H₂O)₂]²⁺ (DAP = 1,3-diaminopropane) with some selected bio-relevant ligands, containing different functional groups, were investigated. The ligands used are dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides and DNA constituents. Stoichiometry and stability constants of the complexes formed are reported at 25°C and 0.1 M ionic strength. The results show the formation of 1:1 complexes with amino acids and dicarboxylic acids. The effect of chelate ring size of the dicarboxylic acid complexes on their stability constants is examined. Peptides form both 1:1 complexes and the corresponding deprotonated amide species. DNA constituents form 1:1 and 1:2 complexes. The effect of dioxane on the acid dissociation constants of CBDCA and the formation constant of its complex with Pd(DAP)²⁺ was reported. The kinetics of hydrolysis of glycine methyl ester bound to [Pd(DAP)(H₂O)₂]²⁺ was studied at 25°C and 0.1M ionic strength.      

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of new metal(II) complexes with methionine sulfoxide

Methionine sulfoxide complexes of iron(II) and copper(II) were synthesized and characterized by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Elemental and atomic absorption analyses fit the compositions K₂[Fe(metSO)₂]SO₄·H₂O and [Cu(metSO)₂]·H₂O. Electronic absorption spectra of the complexes are typical of octahedral geometries. Infrared spectroscopy suggests coordination of the ligand to the metal through the carboxylate and sulfoxide groups. An EPR spectrum of the Cu(II) complex indicates tetragonal distortion of its octahedral symmetry. ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer parameters are also consistent with octahedral stereochemistry for the iron(II) complex. The complexes are very soluble in water.     

A methylenic group binds guanidinoacetic acid to glycine and serine in two novel copper(II) complexes: Synthesis,X-ray structure and spectroscopic characterization

New condensed amino acids were observed in two Cu(II) complexes, both involving guanidinoacetic acid (GAA). The copper(II) complexes, 1 and 2, were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography and infrared spectroscopy. Vibrational assignments were performed with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both complexes present an elongation of the carbon chain of the starting amino acid, GAA. One methylenic group binds GAA to the other amino acid, which can be glycine or serine. Complex 1 presents a new condensed synthetic amino acid, glycine-3-N-methylguanidino acetic acid (Gly-mGAA) that is the result/product of the reaction between GAA and glycine, with an addition of one carbon in the chain. In complex 2, a similar ligand to Gly-mGAA was observed, but in this case it is a product of the reaction between GAA and serine, that is, serine-3-N-methylguanidino acetic acid (Ser-mGAA). Gly-mGAA and Ser-mGAA coordinate to Cu(II) through two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. In addition, we attempt to propose the mechanism for formation of Ser-mGAA and Gly-mGAA in two steps. The first one involves a deamidination reaction between two GAA species, producing the intermediate N,N′-guanidinodiacetic acid. The second step involves a decarboxylation process between GAA and Ser or Gly.     

Synthesis and characterization of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) coordination polymers containing bis(imidazolyl) ligands

Two structurally related flexible imidazolyl ligands, bis(N-imidazolyl)methane (L₁) and 1,4-bis(N-imidazolyl)butane (L₂), were reacted with Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) salts of aliphatic/aromatic dicarboxylic acids resulting in the formation of a number of novel metal–organic coordination architectures, [CuB₂(ox)₂(L₁)₂(H₂O)₂] · 4H₂O (1) (ox = oxalate), [Cu(pdc)(L₂)_1.5] · 4H₂O (2, pdc = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate), [Co(L)₂(H₂O)₂](tp) · 4H₂O (3, tp = terephthalate), [Ni(L₁)₂(H₂O)₂](ip) · 5H₂O (4, ip = isophthalate), [Cu₂(L₁)₄(H₂O)₄](tp)₂ · 7H₂O (5), [Co(mal)(L₁)(H₂O)] · 0.5MeOH (6, mal = malonate), [Co(pdc)(L₁)(H₂O)] (7). All the complexes have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The different coordination modes of the dicarboxylate anions, due to their chain length, rigidity and diimidazolyl functionality, lead to a wide range of different coordination structures. The coordination polymers exhibit 1D single chain, ladder, 2D sheet and 2D network structures. The aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylates can adopt chelating μ₂ and chelating-bridging μ₃ coordination modes, or act as uncoordinated counter anions. The central metal ions are coordinated in N₂O₄, N₄O₂, N₂O₃ and N₃O₃ fashions, depending on the ancillary ligands. The topology of 1 gives rise to macrocycles which are connected through hydrogen bonds to form 1D chains, whereas compound 2 exhibits a 1D polymeric ladder in which the carboxylate acts as a pincer ligand. Compounds 3–5 show doubly bridged 1D chains, and the dicarboxylate groups are not coordinated but form 2D corrugated sheets with water molecules intercalated between the cationic layers. Compound 6 has a 2D network sheet structure in which each metal ion links three neighboring Co atoms by the bis(N-imidazolyl)methane ligand. The cobalt compound 7, with a 2D polymeric double sheet structure, is built from pincer carboxylate (pdc) and 1,4-bis(N-imidazolyl)methane ligands.     

Equilibrium and spectroscopic studies of ternary cadmium(II) and mercury(II) complexes with CMP and triamines

Formation of ternary Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP) and triamines has been studied. Complexes M(CMP)(H _x PA) and M(CMP)(PA) (M?=?Cd, Hg; PA?=?polyamine) were detected and overall stability constants and equilibrium constants for their formation determined. The mode of coordination in the complexes has been proposed on the basis of the equilibrium and ¹³C, ³¹P NMR and IR studies. In the Hg(II) systems, metalation involves the donor endocyclic N(3) atom, the CMP phosphate group and nitrogen donor atoms of PA. Relative to the Hg/CMP binary systems, the presence of a polyamine in ternary systems does not change the metal–nucleotide mode of coordination. In ternary systems including Hg(II) ions, the occurrence of noncovalent interactions has not been detected. Cd(II) ions form molecular complexes as well as protonated species. Introduction of a polyamine to the Cd/CMP system changes the coordination mode of the nucleotide. The phosphate group of CMP is inactive in binary complexes (metalation by the N(3) atom) but is involved in coordination in heteroligand species. In contrast to other polyamines studied, in the system including 1,7-diamino-4-azaheptane (3,3-tri), the phosphate group of CMP in Cd(CMP)(H3,3-tri) does not participate in metalation but is engaged in intramolecular noncovalent interactions that stabilize the complex.     

Stabilities of mixed ligand complexes of Cu(II) with ligands coordinating through O and N : ESR studies

Mixed ligand complexes of Cu(II) with 8-hydroxy-quinolinate (Hy) as one ligand and acetylacetonate (ac.ac) or salicylaldehydate (Sal) as the second ligand have been prepared in reaction mixtures of Cu(Hy)₂ + Cu(ac.ac)₂ and Cu(Hy)₂ + Cu(Sal)₂ in chloroform. Ligand hyperfine structures and the minimum ESR linewidth associated withm = − 3/2 hyperfine component have been used to detect and identify the mixed ligand complexes. The ligands in these complexes coordinate through O or N. The constantsK associated with the ligand exchange equilibriums are ~ 2 at −20°C and are close to the value expected from the empirical relation obtained in an earlier work from a study of Cu(II) complexes in which S also participates in the coordination.     

In depth investigation of the synthesis, structural, and spectroscopic characterization of a high pH binary Co(II)-N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine species. Association with aqueous speciation studies of binary Co(II)-(carboxy)phosphonate systems

Cobalt is an abundant metal ion present in the abiotic and biological world. The chemical reactivity of Co(II) is exemplified through complex interactions with variable molecular mass ligands, including amino acids, peptides, variable nature organic ligands, and/or phospho(nate)-derivatives thereof. Poised to gain insight into the chemical reactivity of Co(II) toward the family of mixed (carboxy)phosphonate-containing ligands, pH-specific aqueous reactions were carried out between Co(II) and N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)-glycine (NTA2P), leading to a new pH-structural variant species (NH₄)₃[Co(C₄H₆O₈NP₂)(H₂O)₂]·4H₂O (1) at pH 8. Compound 1 was characterized analytically, spectroscopically (FT-IR, UV-Vis, EPR), and magnetically. X-ray crystallography reveals a mononuclear complex of Co(II) in an NO₅ octahedral environment. The solid state magnetic and EPR data on 1 suggest the presence of a high-spin Co(II) in a distorted octahedral geometry, with a ground state of an effective spin S = 1/2. The solution UV-Vis and EPR data suggest retention of the integrity of 1, consistent with the magnetization measurements. Detailed aqueous speciation studies on binary Co(II)-carboxylate (NTA) and all Co(II)-(carboxy)phosphonate (NTA_xP; x = 1-3) systems reveal the aqueous distributions of all species involved in the respective systems and project a mononuclear species not unlike that of 1 in the Co(II)-NTA2P system. The structural and chemical attributes of the title complex reflect the (a) pH-dependent chemical reactivity in the binary Co(II)-NTA2P system, and (b) structure-activity correlations in the aqueous media linking both high and low pH-structural variants. To this end, fundamental structural properties influence the reactivity of Co(II) toward phosphonate and mixed carboxyphosphonate ligands and are ultimately exemplified as a function of phosphonate-containing moieties in NTA derivatives. The variably configured species in such binary Co(II)-ligand systems define the pH dependence and nature of interactions between the two reagents, and could serve further as precursors in the design and discovery of new Co(II)-organophosphonate materials of specific structural lattice, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties.     

New poly(arylene ether)s with pendant phosphonic acid groups

Soluble brominated poly(arylene ether)s containing mono‐ or dibromotetraphenylphenylene ether and octafluorobiphenylene units were synthesized. The polymers were high molecular weight (weight‐average molecular weight = 115,100–191,300; number‐average molecular weight = 32,300–34,000) and had high glass‐transition temperatures (>279 °C) and decomposition temperatures (>472 °C). The brominated polymers were phosphonated with diethylphosphite by a palladium‐catalyzed reaction. Quantitative phosphonation was possible when 50 mol % of a catalyst based on bromine was used. The diethylphosphonated polymers were dealkylated by a reaction with bromotrimethylsilane in carbon tetrachloride followed by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid. The polymers with pendant phosphonic acid groups were soluble in polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and gave flexible and tough films via casting from solution. The polymers were hygroscopic and swelled in water. They did not decompose at temperatures of up to 260 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3770–3779, 2001     

Copper(II) coordination compounds with ferulic acid

The first two molecular structures of the ferulic acid (3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid, C₁₀H₁₀O₄) coordination compounds are presented, namely, [Cu₂(C₁₀H₉O₄)₄(CH₃CN)₂] 1 and [Cu₂(C₁₀H₉O₄)₄(C₆H₆N₂O)₂]·4CH₃CN (C₆H₆N₂O = nicotinamide) 2. Both compounds were synthesised from the starting mixture of Cu₂O and CuCl upon copper oxidation in the acetonitrile solution. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 and 2 reveals the binuclear structure of the ‘paddle–wheel’ type for both complexes. 1 and 2 are unstable outside mother liquid due to loosely bound acetonitrile molecules. The final products of decomposition are [Cu₂(C₁₀H₉O₄)₄] 1a and [Cu₂(C₁₀H₉O₄)₄(C₆H₆N₂O)₂] 2a, which were characterized by several physico-chemical methods. The triplet X-band EPR spectra of 1a and 2a, showing signals B_Z1  15 mT, B₂  460 mT and B_Z2  580 mT, are in agreement with the expected data for the binuclear tetracarboxylate units, found in the structures of the parent complexes 1 and 2. Together with the room temperature magnetic susceptibility data, μ_eff/B.M. 1.40 (1a), 1.48 (2a), the EPR spectra analysis confirm the antiferromagnetic interaction in 1a and 2a. This is suggesting preservation and stability of the paddle–wheel structures in 1a and 2a.     

Poly(propylene imine) dendrimer complexes of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Co(III) as catalysts of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate

Poly(propylene imine) dendrimers having 8, 32, and 64 primary amine end groups form diamino Cu(II), diamino Zn(II), and tetramino Co(III) complexes that are identified spectrophotometrically and titrimetrically. The dendrimer–metal ion complexes catalyze the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate in zwitterionic buffer solutions at pH ≤ 8.1 with relative activities Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Co(III). The rates of hydrolysis are faster with sodium perchlorate than with sodium chloride to control ionic strength. In sodium perchlorate solutions with Cu(II) the rates increase with increasing size of the dendrimer. In sodium chloride solutions with Cu(II) the rates decrease with increasing size of the dendrimer. Rate constants in buffered sodium chloride solutions of dendrimers and 1.0mM Cu(II) are 1.3–6.3 times faster than in the absence of Cu(II). The fastest hydrolyses occurred at a dendrimer primary amine to Cu(II) ratio NH₂/Cu ≤ 2. At NH₂/Cu = 4 and with the 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodecane complex of Cu(II) hydrolysis rates were much slower. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2727–2736, 1999     

Copper(II)-phenylmalonate complexes with the bifunctional ligands nicotinamide and isonicotinamide

The use as coligands of the nicotinamide (nia) and isonicotinamide (inia) molecules in the complex formation between copper(II) and phenylmalonate [Phmal = dianion of phenylmalonic acid] yielded the compounds of formula [Cu(inia)(Phmal)(H₂O)] (1) and [Cu(inia)(Phmal)(H₂O)]_n (2). Although single crystals of 1 of appropriate size were grown, their unresolved twinning and space group ambiguity prevented a satisfactory X-ray structure determination. The crystal structure 2 consists of corrugated layers of copper(II) ions with intralayer carboxylate-phenylmalonate bridges in the anti-syn (equatorial-apical) coordination mode. A water molecule and the isonicotinamide group are coordinated to the copper atom in trans position being located above and below each layer. The Phmal ligand adopts the bidentate/monodentate coordination mode with the bidentate coordination involving one equatorial and one apical bonds, a feature which is unprecedented for the copper(II) complexes with alkyl(aryl)substituted-malonate derivatives. Intra- and interlayer H-bonds together with intralayer π-π type interactions between the phenyl and inia aromatic groups contribute to the stabilization of the three-dimensional supramolecular structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of complexes 1 and 2 in the temperature range 1.9-300 K are quasi identical and they correspond to a very weak ferromagnetic interaction between the copper(II) ions [J = +0.091(2) cm⁻¹ (1) and +0.097(2) cm⁻¹ (2) through the spin Hamiltonian for an isotropic square grid of interacting spin doublets which is defined as H = −JΣ_iS_i · S_i+1]. The strong similarity in the magnetic properties of 1 and 2 allow us to conclude that although they are not isostructural species, their structures have to be very close.     

Spectroscopic evaluation of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes derived from thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone

Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes were synthesized with thiosemicarbazone (L(1)) and semicarbazone (L(2)) derived from 2-acetyl furan. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment, mass, IR, electronic and EPR spectral studies. The molar conductance measurement of the complexes in DMSO corresponds to non-electrolytic nature. All the complexes are of high-spin type. On the basis of different spectral studies six coordinated geometry may be assigned for all the complexes except Co(L)(2)(SO(4)) and Cu(L)(2)(SO(4)) [where L=L(1) and L(2)] which are of five coordinated square pyramidal geometry.     

Acid Dissociation Behaviour and Complexation with Nickel(II), Copper(II) and Zinc(II) for Two Conformational Isomers of Dicyclohexylcyclam

Abstract

Acid dissociation constants for two conformational isomers of dicyclohexylcyclam, cis-anti-cis, (P) and cis-syn-cis, (N) have been determined at 25, 35 and 40°C, and thermodynamic data are estimated. It was found that (N) shows very different behaviour from (P). Stability constants of (P) and (N) toward Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) have been determined by pH-titration at 25°C by using a ligand exchange reaction. It is found that the (P) complex is more stable for Ni(II) and the (N) complex is more stable for Cu(II). Contributions of the cyclohexyl group to the macrocyclic effect (ME) have been also estimated by considering basicity corrections. It is found that substitution of the cyclohexyl group in cyclam increases ME only for the Ni(II) complex of (P).     

Mononuclear and homobinuclear cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes with mono and bis-azocompounds derived from 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and anthranilic acid or o-aminophenol

Two new series of mononuclear and homobinuclear Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with mono- and bis-azo compounds derived from 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and anthranilic acid or o-aminophenol are prepared and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, conductance, IR, electronic, ESR spectra and magnetic moment measurements. The ligand field splitting parameters and Racah constant are calculated. The spectral and magnetic results obtained are utilized to determine the geometries around the metal(II) ion. The geometry of the complex formed depends on the structure of the ligand and the type of metal(II) ion. The mode of bonding of the ligand with the metal ions is deduced from IR spectra.