共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 138 毫秒
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基于巯基烯的点击化学反应,成功将γ-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-580)与乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(vinyl-PDMS)接枝到织物上,制备出具有优异油水分离效果的超疏水织物。利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线光电子能谱等对改性织物进行表征,并考察了其表面疏水性及油水分离性能。结果表明,得到的超疏水织物表面具有沟壑和条纹结构,接触角最高可达156°,滚动角最高可达2°。超疏水织物的油水分离效率最高为99.8%,并且在连续进行20次油水分离之后,依然保持99%的分离效率。 相似文献
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运用水热法在铜网表面原位结晶生长苯膦酸锆,获得微纳米级粗糙结构,且苯环排列在苯膦酸锆表面的最外层,使铜网具有超疏水和超亲油的性质,无需任何低表面能物质修饰,即可对油水混合物进行分离.苯膦酸锆层与基底存在一定的结合力,具有机械稳定性;同时又具有抗酸碱的化学稳定性.这种油水分离网不仅能够实现油水混合物的分离,还可以实现乳化油的油水分离,在实际生产运用过程中具有较好的应用前景. 相似文献
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基于聚多巴胺(PDA)的化学性质和树莓状纳米粒子的粗糙结构,以聚多巴胺包覆的棉纤维为基底,制备了具有多重粗糙度的树莓状超疏水多孔复合棉纤维材料.通过扫描电子显微镜观察树莓状超疏水多孔复合棉纤维表面的微观形貌,PDA-SiO2纳米粒子稳定地固定在聚多巴胺涂覆的棉纤维表面.经过氟化改性的树莓状超疏水多孔复合棉纤维具有超疏水性,水接触角为158.2°,油接触角为0°.油/水分离实验结果表明,树莓状超疏水多孔复合棉纤维对己烷/水混合物的分离效率可达99.4%以上,使用20次后仍维持较高的分离效率.同时,其具有较高的溶剂吸附能力(13~34 g/g)、重复使用性及机械稳定性,吸油能力可与硅气凝胶相媲美. 相似文献
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针对目前用于油/水分离的超疏水材料普遍存在的原料不环保、不可降解、涂层耐久性差等缺点,采用简便的浸渍法,制备了一种环保、工艺简单且性能优良的超疏水材料。首先,使用水性聚氨酯(WPU)将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯P(MMA-r-GMA)微球固定在棉织物表面,构造微纳米级粗糙结构。其次,通过水解-缩合反应,将无毒的十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDTMS)与甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)锚定在棉织物表面,制备得到超疏水棉织物。结果表明,改性棉织物接触角最高可达157.3(°),滚动角为5(°)。同时具有很好的耐溶剂性,在酸碱溶液中浸泡30 min后,接触角几乎无变化。油水分离效率最高可达97.8%,即使在经过10次循环分离之后,油水分离效率仍然在95%以上。该超疏水织物具有出色的油水分离效率和优良的稳定性,可用于可持续且环保的油水分离领域。 相似文献
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聚合物-纳米金复合物既具有金纳米粒子的光、电及催化性能,又具有聚合物的可加工性及对外界的刺激响应性,因此已成为高分子科学及材料科学研究的热点。本文主要介绍了我们实验室在聚合物-纳米金在油水界面的自组装及有序结构的构筑研究方面的相关工作:(1)利用界面聚合的方法制备侧链接枝亲水性金纳米粒子的聚苯乙烯及杂化聚合物在水溶液中的自组装;(2)亲水性金纳米粒子及疏水性聚合物(或疏水性磁性纳米粒子)在油水界面的自组装研究;(3)利用金纳米粒子为交联点制备具有温度响应性聚合物微凝胶的研究。 相似文献
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超疏水超亲油材料因其在油水分离等领域有广泛的应用前景而引起人们极大关注。 目前,有很多方法可以用来制备超疏水超亲油材料,但因其过程复杂、成本高、环境适应性差限制了其在实际生产、生活中应用。 本文以玉米秸秆为原料,经TiO2 溶胶浸涂并经辛基三甲氧基硅烷修饰后显示出超疏水和超亲油,水滴、油滴在其表面的接触角分别为160°和0°。 研究结果显示,玉米秸秆粉表面的超疏水性源于其表面微纳米复合阶层结构及低表面能化学组成的协同作用。 利用玉米秸秆粉表面的憎水性和亲油性,能将其用于水面油污的吸附和分离,具有分离效率高、稳定性好、可循环利用的优点。 相比于其它材料,以玉米秸秆为原料制备超疏水超亲油的油污吸附剂,原料丰富、成本低、过程简单、易降解、可循环利用,有望在生产、生活中得到应用。 相似文献
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《应用化学》2020,(7)
超疏水超亲油材料因其在油水分离等领域有广泛的应用前景而引起人们极大关注。目前,有很多方法可以用来制备超疏水超亲油材料,但因其过程复杂、成本高、环境适应性差限制了其在实际生产、生活中应用。本文以玉米秸秆为原料,经TiO_2溶胶浸涂并经辛基三甲氧基硅烷修饰后显示出超疏水和超亲油,水滴、油滴在其表面的接触角分别为160°和0°。研究结果显示,玉米秸秆粉表面的超疏水性源于其表面微纳米复合阶层结构及低表面能化学组成的协同作用。利用玉米秸秆粉表面的憎水性和亲油性,能将其用于水面油污的吸附和分离,具有分离效率高、稳定性好、可循环利用的优点。相比于其它材料,以玉米秸秆为原料制备超疏水超亲油的油污吸附剂,原料丰富、成本低、过程简单、易降解、可循环利用,有望在生产、生活中得到应用。 相似文献
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Fang Zhang Hao Ren Lingling Shen Guolin Tong Yulin Deng 《Cellulose (London, England)》2017,24(7):2913-2924
Cellulose-based lotus-leaf-like filter paper for selective separation of oil/water was prepared. Experimentally, cellulose nanofibril aerogel microspheres prepared by ultrasonic atomization method were coated on commercial filter papers to form unique “micro–nano” structured surface. By controlling both the morphology and chemistry of the surface, the papers could be either under-water superoleophobic or under-oil superhydrophobic. It was found that the filter papers could be engineered to effectively filter only oil or only water from their mixtures. 相似文献
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H. F. Aly 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1976,30(2):425-431
The concept of using paper chromatography on papers impregnated with liquid anion or cation exchangers is extended to the
separation of trace elements through filtration on filter papers loaded with suitable extractant. The uptake of uranium, thorium
and lanthanum from HCl and HNO3 media of different molarities by a filter paper treated with tri-octyl amine (TOA) is investigated. The effect of the different
parameters on the uptake of the studied elements is experimented. A simple and fast radiochemical procedure is developed for
the separation of La, Th and U from each other. 相似文献
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Due to the important role of oil source in our life, the separation of water-in-oil emulsion is urgent and necessary. Membrane seperation technology has been an efficient and widely used method in separating oil-water separation. Herein, we report a versatile approach to fabricate surface carbonized membranes with self-standing property from biomass-derived precursor by synergistic charring of phytic acid,arginine and filter paper. The obtained membrane exhibited superhydrophobicity in oil, excellent fouling resistance, and self-supporting ability.The membrane can be cycle-used at least 12 times with high permeation flux(up to 1380 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1)) and separation efficiency(up to 99.4%). 相似文献
14.
Mincong Liu Si Huang Linli Tan Jiaxin Pan Shuting Xie Han Zuilhof Bo Chen Ming Ma 《Journal of separation science》2023,46(20):2300426
As acetonitrile is a widely used solvent for the chemical industry, the recovery of acetonitrile from acetonitrile wastewater is significant for both industrial cost reduction and environmental protection. In this article, a simple, low-energy, and low-cost strategy is proposed for the effective separation of acetonitrile from high-concentration acetonitrile wastewater. The approach is based on a sequential combination of two steps: salt-induced phase separation and hydrophobic filtration. The acetonitrile wastewater was first induced to split into two phases by salt, that is, the acetonitrile-rich phase and the water-rich phase, then the above two phases were poured into the hydrophobic filter paper funnel for the separation. It was shown that NaCl is a suitable salting-out reagent, and that hydrophobic filter papers—obtained from modification by butyltrichlorosilane and octyltrichlorosilane were the optimal choice for hydrophobic filtration. The salt-induced phase separation process is able to increase the volume fraction of acetonitrile in the acetonitrile-rich phase up to 92%. The acetonitrile-rich phase can pass through the hydrophobic filter paper, whereas the water-rich phase was intercepted. The hydrophobic filter paper retained strong hydrophobicity and high acetonitrile-separating capacity after 3 months storage, or upon immersion in acetonitrile-water mixtures for 12 h, or applied for 25 consecutive separations. 相似文献
15.
Xiaolong Wang Yamin Pan Huan Yuan Meng Su Chunguang Shao Chuntai Liu Zhanhu Guo Changyu Shen Xianhu Liu 《中国化学快报》2020,31(2):365-368
Polylactic acid(PLA) is one of the most suitable candidates for environmental pollution treatment because of its biodegradability which will not cause secondary pollution to the environment after application.However,there is still a lack of a green and facile way to prepare PLA oil-water separation materials.In this work,a water-assisted thermally induced phase separation method for the preparation of superhydrophobic PLA oil-water separation material with honeycomb-like structures is reported.The PLA material shows great ability in application and could adsorb 27.3 times oil to its own weight.In addition,it could also be applicated as a filter with excellent efficiency(50.9 m^3 m-2 h-1). 相似文献
16.
以不锈钢网为基材,利用单宁酸对不锈钢网进行表面预处理并功能化接枝两性离子基团,制备了新型亲水和水下超疏油的单宁酸/两性离子改性油-水分离膜(TA-ZW-SSM).利用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及接触角测量仪等表征了其化学结构、形态和润湿性.研究结果表明,两性离子基团通过化学键接枝在单宁酸预处理的不锈钢网表面.油-水分离实验结果表明,对于不同类型的油-水混合物,本文制备的超亲水和水下超疏油特性的TA-ZW-SSM可实现重力驱动的高效油-水分离,并具有较好的化学稳定性及再循环性. 相似文献
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G. I. Csada O. Gimesi É. Bányai M. Ördögh 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1974,21(2):427-435
A fast and selective method has been developed for the separation of the iodine fission products in the primary cooling water
of nuclear reactors. The parameters of the selective retention were studied on silver, thallium(I) and mercury(II) iodide.
Retention experiments were performed on adequately thick layers of “free” precipitates and on precipitates fixed in filter
paper. The latter method substantially increases the retention capacity. The papers with fixed precipitate are easy to handle.
The filter paper with silver iodide precipitate was found to be the most satisfactory for the selective retention of fission
iodine from reactor water. 相似文献
18.
A. M. Dessouki M. El-Tahawy H. El-Boohy S. A. El-Mongy S. M. Badawy 《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》1999,54(6):137-635
Chelating filter papers with chemically bonded amidoxime groups were synthesized by radiation-induced grafting of acrylonitrile onto filter paper (W3) followed by chemical treatment with hydroxylamine. The effect of grafting conditions such as absorbed dose, dose rate, monomer concentration and filter paper thickness on the grafting yield was studied. It was found that the degree of grafting increases with increasing absorbed dose and dose rate, and then tends to level off at high doses. The order of the dependence of the initial grafting rate on the dose is found to be of 0.33. An increasing monomer concentration was accompanied by a significant increase in grafting. At high monomer concentration the initial rate of grafting is fast followed by a slow rate. The rate of grafting is controlled by the filter paper thickness and the diffusion of monomer into the interior of the filter paper. Mechanical properties of the prepared filter paper were improved over the ungrafted paper. The amidoxime filter papers were examined for adsorption of uranium concentration ranging between 10–100 ppm. 相似文献