火焰原子吸收法测定胶乳中的铁

用硝酸消解胶乳样品，以氨水溶解消解产物，加入磺基水杨酸与铁形成 三磺基水杨酸铁配合物，以工作曲线法测定。建立了在氨性溶液中快速测定胶乳中铁的FAAS法。对样品处理方法、消解产物的溶解性质、磺基水杨酸铁配合物的稳定性、试液和空白溶液粘度一致性、线性范围及检出限进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差为5．6％，加标回收率95．0％－99．5％。     

消解氨溶-火焰原子发射光谱法测定丁苯橡胶中的钾、钠

和浓硝酸消解了丁苯橡胶样品，再用氨水溶解消解产物。取适量消解产物的氨溶液，加入消电离剂Li^ 配制成试液，以工作曲线法测定。对样品处理方法、消解产物的溶解性质、线性范围、干扰及检出限进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3．9％，加标回收率为97．3％－103．7％。建立了快速同时测定丁苯橡胶中钾、钠的火焰原子发射光谱法。     

消解乳化-火焰原子发射光谱法测定丁苯橡胶中钠和钾

用消解乳化技术处理丁苯橡胶样品,先用浓硝酸消解样品,再用乙醇-甲基异丁基酮混合溶剂溶解消解产物,并用乳化剂Triton X-100乳化成乳浊液。以钡离子作为钠和钾的消电离剂,以空白溶液为参比,用工作曲线法测定,建立了快速测定丁苯橡胶中钠和钾的FAES法。对溶剂及乳化剂、试液与空白溶液粘度的一致性、干扰及检出限进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2．4％,加标回收率98．0％～104．7％。     

拟薄水铝石的快速分析

建立了一次溶样分别测定拟薄水铝石样品中A12O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、Na2O含量的快速测定方法。采用高压密封消化罐对拟薄水铝石样品进行溶解处理，分取适量样品溶液，测定A12O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、Na2O的相对标准偏差分别为0．20％、2．13％、0.31％、2．62％。     

非完全消化-分光光度法测定环烷酸钴中钴

用非完全消化法处理环烷酸钴样品，即先用(1 3)HClO4-HNO3混合酸及H2O2消解破坏样品，使Co^2 游离出来，再用乳化剂Triton X-100溶解残存的环烷酸根而配制成透明的样品溶液。采用Co^2 -5-Br-PADAP-OP显色体系测定钴，在硫磷混合酸介质中共存元素与5-Br-PADAP形成的有色络合物被分解破坏，从而达到消除干扰的目的。建立了非完全消化-分光光度法测定环烷酸钴中钴的分析方法。对测定条件、线性范围进行了考察。测定结果与灰化法-分光光度法一致，相对标准偏差小于0．7％，加标回收率97．4％～103．0％。     

非完全消化-火焰原子光谱法测定奶粉中钙镁铁锌

用非完全消化法处理奶粉样品，建立了用火焰原子光谱法测定奶粉中钙、镁、铁、锌的快速分析方法。在低温下用浓硝酸消化奶粉至溶液透明，加乳化剂OP溶解消化过程中所产生的油脂，可获得一均匀、透明的样品溶液。以发射法测定钙，用吸收法测定镁、铁和锌。以Sr^2 作为测定钙、镁的释放剂。对样品消解每件及干扰进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2．4％，加标回收率在98．8％～102．0％之间。方法简便、准确。     

试样非完全消化-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定清漆中锰锌

将非完全消化技术应用于火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了清漆中锰、锌。用高氯酸-硝酸混合酸（1＋3）消解样品,用乳化剂吐温-80消解产物而配制成均匀、透明的样品溶液,用工作曲线法测定。对消解溶剂及乳化剂进行选择,对化学干扰、混合酸、介质、试液与空白溶液粘度一致性及背景吸收干扰进行了考察。测定结果的RSD小于3．9％,加标回收率98．2%-102．9％,方法简便。     

非完全消化—悬浮液进样—火焰原子光谱法测定蘑菇中钾、镁、锌

将非完全消化法与悬浮液进样技术相合处理蘑菇样品，即先用浓HNO3低温消解样品至溶液呈透明，再用琼脂溶液悬浮极少量不溶物，制成样品溶液。分别以Sr^2 溶液和NaCl溶液作为测定镁、钾的释放剂和消电离剂。以原子吸收光谱法测定镁、锌，以原子发射光谱法测定钾。对样品处理方法、干扰、线性范围及检出限进行了考察。建立了快速测定蘑菇中钾、镁、锌的火焰原子光谱法。相对标准偏差小于2.8%，加标回收率为97.9%-101.6%。     

钼矿石物相分析及催化极谱法测定钼

为测定钼矿中钼的总量,将矿样与盐酸加热后加硝酸-硫酸(8+2)混合酸蒸发冒烟至干。用150 g.L-1氢氧化钠溶液溶解残渣取代了常用的碱融熔法,在所得上清液中测定总钼量。为溶解钼矿中不同相态,另取一份矿样先用氨水处理以溶解钼华矿(MoO3),在每次分相溶解中所得的残渣先后用40 g.L-1酒石酸溶液和150 g.L-1碳酸钠溶液处理依次溶解出钼钨钙矿[Ca(W,Mo)O4]和钼酸铅矿(PbMnO4),在溶解分去钼酸铅矿后的残渣中存在有辉钼矿(MoS2)。将其在580℃灼烧后按测定总钼的溶解方法处理,在所得溶液中测定辉钼矿的钼量。采用催化极谱法测定上述各溶液中的钼量,所用底液为含有氯酸钾、二苯羟乙酸、二苯胍及硫酸的混合液。按所提方法分析了3个钼矿标准样品,所测得每一试样中各物相中钼量之和与该样品的总钼量测定值一致,其相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于3.5%。     

微波消解测定水样中总磷

研究了以H2O2-HNO3为氧化剂，用微波消解测定水样中总磷的分析方法。通过正交试验选择合适的消解条件与氧化剂投入量，选择合适的显色酸度及测定波长，方法对自然水样测定平均相对标准偏差为3．3％，平均回收率为100．3%。     

INCREASED UV EXPOSURE IN FINLAND IN 1993

Abstract—
Exceptionally low total ozone, up to 40% below the normal level, was measured over Northern Europe during winter and spring in 1992 and 1993. In 1993 the depletion persisted up to the end of May, resulting in a significant increase of biologically effective UV radiation. The increases were significantly smaller in 1992 and 1994 than in 1993. The UV exposure of the Finnish population was evaluated through measurements and theoretical calculations. The increase in measured erythemal (International Lighting Commission) UV falling onto horizontal surfaces on clear days was determined relative to model calculations for an average ozone amount. The increase was on average 10% from April to May 1993, and the maximal measured increase was 34%. Theoretical calculations for both erythemal and carcinogenic (Skin Cancer Utrecht-Philadelphia) UV indicated that in 1993 the theoretical annual increase to a vertical (cylinder) surface ranged from 8 to 13% in Finland. The reflection of UV from snow considerably increases facial UV doses in Northern Finland.     

中国硫回收技术进展(英文)

综述了国内硫回收技术的现状,并对今后１０－１５年内硫回收技术的发展进行了展望。     

COLLOID CHEMISTRY IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN CHINA

Wool-wax alcohols are remarkably effective in stabilization of water-in-oil emulsions. The structural changes in the continuous phase have been analysed by X-ray diffraction technique between the emulsification temperature, when the alcohol phase is liquid, down to room temperature. Evidence is given for the formation of sterol multilayer structure at the oil/water interface. The bilayer thickness of the sterols is 34,3 Å, and at about 37 °C there is a transition into a phase with X-ray data in close agreement with these of anhydrous cholesterol. The aliphatic alcohol molecules, which thus separate from the sterol molecules, start to form an ordered structure at about 50 °C. First a lamellar liquid-crystalline phase is formed with a bilayer thickness of 41,1 Å. Ano α-crystal phase, with hexagonal chain packing and vertical molecules is formed at further cooling to about 40 °C. The relation between emulsion stability and ordered interfacial structure is discussed.     

ICP-AES 法测定我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种元素

应用ICP—AES测定了我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种无机元素的含量并作了成分的比较研究,对试样的溶解条件及仪器的工作参数也进行了研究和优化。各元素分析结果的RSD值在0．11％～6．9％之间,回收率在95．1％～108．0％之间。     

RHODOPSIN-PHOSPHOLIPID INTERACTION IN DETERGENT AND IN THE DISK

Abstract— Solubilization of cattle disk membrane in deoxycholate shifted the fluorescence emission maximum from 324 to 331 nm without changing the intensity. Tryptophyl residues are probably located at the hydrophobic interface between rhodopsin and phospholipid. Depletion of deoxycholate concentration from the solubilized disk by Sephacryl 200 column chromatography produced rhodopsin-phospholipid complexes with different characteristics that are the intermediate stages of membrane formation from homogeneous molecular solution. Association of rhodopsin takes place in a two-dimensional way even in the appreciably low content of phospholipid.
Sedimentation velocity studies showed that reassociation of lipid and rhodopsin occurs in 0.2% deoxycholate as well as in 0.05% sodium dodecylsulfate.
By using Sephacryl column we can now prepare, within 60 min, the rhodopsin-lipid complex that can form large vesicles in response to the addition of MgCl₂ without dialysis. This type of lipoprotein complex will be useful to the study of the mechanism of the two dimensional membrane formation.     

TRANSPORT OF LIGHT IN TISSUE IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

Abstract The dose rate in photodynamic therapy is proportional to the energy fluence rate and the concentration of the photosensitizer. Calculations of the energy fluence rate have been performed in slab, cylindrical and spherical geometries with the discrete ordinates transport method and diffusion theory. The attentuation of the energy fluence rate is least in slab geometry and greatest in spherical geometry. Violet (405 nm) light is attenuated much more rapidly than red (630 nm) light. Small tissue dimensions or narrow beam irradiation further decrease the energy fluence rate with radius and depth. Anisotropic scattering increases the energy fluence rate at large depths, but decreases it near the source. Measurements of the absolute energy fluence rate vs depth in a mouse tumor model exhibit an order of magnitude attenuation through the skin and a 3 mm thick tumor. Calculations of the energy fluence rate of the DHE fluorescence have been carried out to guide measurement of the concentration. Violet light excitation is much more efficient than red light excitation.