无机纳米复合水凝胶

近年来,纳米材料由于具有诸多奇特效应而备受关注。将无机纳米粒子与高分子水凝胶复合,可以很大程度地改善传统水凝胶的使用性能,因而成为近年来水凝胶研究领域的热点课题之一。纳米材料的形貌多姿多彩,相同材质不同形貌的纳米材料对复合材料性能有着不同的作用。本文从不同形貌（层状、管状及球状等）的无机纳米材料对复合水凝胶性能影响出发,以无机纳米粒子的形貌分类,综述了当前无机纳米复合水凝胶的研究进展。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/黏土纳米复合水凝胶的制备及表征

通过原位聚合法, 以N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)和黏土为原料制备了生物相容性有机-无机纳米复合水凝胶, 通过黏度、透明度、XRD及力学性能等研究了水凝胶体系的性质和微观结构. 结果显示, 单体NVP通过氢键作用吸附于黏土粒子周围, 从而有效阻止黏土颗粒的凝胶化; 通过对聚合过程透明度的变化、凝胶吸水性能以及拉伸力学性能分析发现, 其反应机理与丙烯酰胺类体系不同. 黏土颗粒间网链较短, 导致吸水率和断裂伸长率明显低于聚丙烯酰胺/黏土体系, 但模量和拉伸及压缩强度明显增加; XRD结果显示, 干凝胶中黏土颗粒呈有序排列, 随着黏土含量增加, 黏土粒子间距变小, 而在含水复合凝胶中, 黏土颗粒以剥离态均匀分散; 对于凝胶表面的细胞形态观察初步检验了此类纳米复合凝胶的细胞相容性, 未观察到显著不良影响.     

聚丙烯酰胺纳米复合水凝胶研究进展

传统化学交联的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)水凝胶由于力学性能较弱,其应用范围受到很大限制。与之相比,采用纳米复合技术制备的PAM纳米复合(NC)水凝胶,不仅大幅提高了力学性能,而且在溶胀率等方面也有明显的提高。本文结合该领域近年来的研究进展,将PAM NC水凝胶分为纯物理交联和化学物理交联相结合两类,重点讨论了NC水凝胶在力学性能方面的研究结果,对溶胀率等其它方面的性能也进行了综合论述。     

黏土基纳米复合水凝胶

介绍了一种以黏土为交联剂的新型纳米复合水凝胶, 重点阐述了水凝胶的结构特点, 制备方法及其特有的力学性能, 自修复性能, 透明度和溶胀性。     

超拉伸聚合物-锂藻土纳米复合水凝胶

将锂藻土（Laponite）纳米粒子分散在水中,加入丙烯酰胺类单体和过氧化物引发剂,不添加化学交联剂,原位自由基聚合可得到聚合物-Laponite纳米复合水凝胶。其透明度高,可以拉伸至1 300％以上,具有优异的力学性能,成为当前智能材料研究的热点之一。本文综合了聚合物-Laponite纳米复合水凝胶所用锂藻土的结构、性质以及复合水凝胶的合成、结构及物理特性,并探讨这一领域可能的发展方向。     

多孔纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶的表征

本文通过采用溶盐致孔法,制备了多孔纳米羟基磷灰石／聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶材料。用透射电子显微镜、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和图像分析对材料进行了表征。结果表明纳米羟基磷灰石与聚乙烯醇之间有一定键合,并且多孔纳米羟基磷灰石／聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶中大孔呈均匀分布且相互贯通,复合水凝胶的含水率在80％左右。该种多孔复合水凝胶是可用于人工角膜支架,是一种很有开发前景的生物医用材料。     

纳米复合水凝胶在人工软骨中的研究进展

纳米复合水凝胶(nanocomposite hydrogels,NC hydrogels)作为人工软骨修复材料有很大的应用价值和吸引力.由于NC水凝胶具有与天然软骨细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)相似的结构,以及较好的力学性能、刺激响应性等优势,是软骨修复的理想支架材料.本综述详细介绍了用...     

纳米复合水凝胶的研究进展

传统水凝胶存在机械性能差、响应速度慢等缺点,限制了它作为新材料的应用前景。纳米材料具有独特的微观尺度结构和性质,在电子学、光学、机械学、生物学等领域展现出巨大的潜力。将无机纳米材料添加入水凝胶中不但有可能提高水凝胶的机械强度,同时还能赋予凝胶特殊的新性能,如电响应性能、紫外吸收性能、磁敏感性能等。因而纳米复合水凝胶成为近期的研究热点。本文综述了纳米复合水凝胶的增强理论、典型制备方法及其功能化研究进展。     

层状纳米纤维素膜/PVA复合水凝胶的制备与力学性能研究

采用叠层复合与物理相分离的方法制备了层状纳米细菌纤维素(BC)膜/聚乙烯醇( PVA)复合水凝胶.研究了聚乙烯醇的质量百分数、BC膜的复合层数以及制备条件对复合水凝胶力学性能的影响;通过扫描电镜( SEM)观察比较了复合水凝胶中BC膜层与PVA界面结合情况.结果表明,复合水凝胶的力学性能与PVA的质量百分数和BC膜含水...     

有机-无机复合气凝胶研究进展

气凝胶具有低密度、低热导率、高比表面积及高孔隙率等优异性能,在隔热、传感、催化、吸附、储能等领域显示出良好的应用前景。但气凝胶的多孔网络结构也造成了其强度低和韧性差等问题,严重制约了气凝胶的实际应用,有机-无机复合是一种增强气凝胶力学性能的有效方法。而且,采用有机-无机复合方法制备气凝胶还可以赋予气凝胶阻燃等其他新颖的性能。本文综述了有机-无机复合气凝胶的新研究进展,分析其原理、合成方法及相关性能,指出了有机无机复合气凝胶的优势和存在问题并展望了未来的发展方向。     

Self‐healing in Nanocomposite Hydrogels

Polymer hydrogels with characteristics distinct from those of solid materials are one of the most promising candidates for smart materials. Here, we report that a nanocomposite hydrogel (NC gel) consisting of a unique polymer/clay network structure, can exhibit complete self‐healing through autonomic reconstruction of crosslinks across a damaged interface. Mechanical damage in NC gels can be repaired without the use of a healing agent, and even sections of NC gels separated by cutting, from whichever the same or different kinds of NC gel, perfectly (re‐)combine by just contacting the cut surfaces together at mildly elevated temperatures. In NC gels, the autonomic fusion of cut surfaces as well as the self‐healing could be achieved not only immediately after being cut but also after a long waiting time.

     

Nanocomposite hydrogel consisting of Na‐montmorillonite with enhanced mechanical properties

A new kind of nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel with Na‐montmorillonite (MMT) is presented in this article. The NC hydrogels were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of acrylamide and (3‐acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (ATC) in the presence of MMT and N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide used as chemical cross‐linker. Due to the cation‐exchange reaction between MMT and ATC (cationic monomer) during the synthesis of NC hydrogels, MMT platelets were considered chemical “plane” cross‐linkers, different from “point” cross‐linkers. With increasing amount of MMT, the crosslinking degree enhanced, causing a decrease of the swelling degree at equilibrium. Investigations of mechanical properties indicated that NC hydrogels exhibited enhanced strength and toughness, which resulted from chemical interaction between exfoliated MMT platelets and polymer chains in hydrogels. Dynamic shear measurements showed that both storage modulus and loss modulus increased with increasing MMT content. The idea described here provided a new route to prepare hydrogels with high mechanical properties by using alternative natural Na‐MMT. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1020–1026     

Sol-Gel Processing of Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Protective Coatings

Organic-inorganic nanocomposite protective coatings are prepared on aluminum substrates by the spinning technique with the concept of incorporating homogeneously nanosized particles (of AlOOH, Al2O3, ZrO2, SiC) into molecular organic-inorganic hybrid matrices. The hybrid matrices are prepared from epoxysilane and bisphenol A with imidazol as catalyst. The AlOOH particles are derived from aluminum isoprooxide and introduced into the hybrid sols directly, and Al2O3, ZrO2, SiC particles are first surface-modified with Si–OH from hydrolyzed TEOS. The coatings are dense, smooth and flexible and inhibit corrosion.     

Molecular Characteristics of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Separated from Nanocomposite Gels by Removal of Clay from the Polymer/Clay Network

The extraordinary mechanical and swelling/deswelling properties of nanocomposite (NC) gels are attributed to their unique organic (polymer)/inorganic (clay) network structure. In this study, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) was successfully separated from an NC gel network by decomposing the clay (hectorite) using hydrofluoric acid (HF). A very low HF concentration (0.2 wt.‐%) was adequate for the decomposition of the clay without causing any damage to PNIPA. The separated PNIPA had a high (=5.5 × 10⁶ g · mol⁻¹). Also, was almost constant regardless of the clay concentration (C_clay = 1–25 × 10⁻² mol · l⁻¹), even though the properties of the NC gel varied widely over this C_clay range. Comparisons of NC gels, PNIPA, and SiO₂‐NC gels indicated that the clay platelets specifically play an important role in NC gels.

     

有机-无机纳米复合材料光谱与电子性质研究进展

有机-无机纳米复合材料的研究在当前纳米科学技术的发展中占有重要地位，开创了材料与催化科学研究的新纪元。自从10年前首次合成纳米孔无机材料MCM-41至今，该领域研究不断深入，已展现出广阔的应用前景。当客体有机分子分散于纳米孔道内部时，其分子性质将产生明显变化。本文结合作者近期研究成果，力图从实验与理论两方面阐明在纳米复合体系中客体分子性质变化的原因。     

Nanocomposite smart hydrogels with improved responsiveness and mechanical properties: A mini review

Responsive hydrogels have the ability to change their volume, transparency, or other properties in response to external chemical and/or physical stimuli. The responsiveness properties including responsive rate and degree, as well as mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, toughness, breaking strength, and breaking strain are crucial parameters of the smart hydrogels that determine the scope of hydrogel applications such as soft actuators, artificial muscles, and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this paper, the development of the nanocomposite smart hydrogels, which can achieve both improved responsiveness and mechanical properties, is reviewed. First, the fabrication approaches for building the nanocomposite networks by doping organic or inorganic nanomaterials via crosslinking or blending strategies are introduced. Then, the mechanisms used to improve both responsiveness and mechanical properties of nanocomposite responsive hydrogels are discussed. Finally, the perspectives as well as current challenges of such nanocomposite responsive hydrogels are addressed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 1306–1313