含气孔裂隙地层的声波测井响应特征

本文以径向分层的孔、裂隙地层多极子井孔声场理论为基础,利用孔、裂隙介质弹性波动统一理论,数值模拟了井壁上有侵入时,单极和偶极声源激发的井孔声场随原状地层含气饱和度变化的特征和规律。结果表明：当原状地层裂隙发育时,相较于饱含水,饱含气时纵波幅度衰减严重,横波波至提前,波幅增大,斯通利波幅度变化不明显,低频时弯曲波到时提前,幅度增大;当原状地层裂隙不发育时,单极子、偶极子波形都对流体性质没有明显响应。可见,原状地层中裂隙的存在加剧了含气对纵波、横波的幅度以及到时的影响,而侵入带的存在使得斯通利波和高频弯曲波对原状地层流体性质变化不敏感。数值计算结果为利用声波响应特征识别致密气层提供了参考。     

宽带相控线阵声源在套管井外地层辐射声场的指向性

套管井中的声传播涉及到波在柱状多层介质中的传播问题。通过数值计算对比了宽带相控线阵声源在套管井外均匀地层中产生的纵横波声场的指向性。结果表明,在任意胶结状况下,均可实现向套管井外地层定向辐射纵横波的技术;与地层中纵波的传播特征不同的是在主瓣偏转角方向横波幅度随着偏转角的增大逐渐增加,且在主瓣辐射方向的横波幅度受套管井胶结状况的影响较纵波小;采用玻璃钢套管代替钢套管,会进一步减弱地层声场受胶结状况的影响,这有利于实现在套管井外地层较大范围内的精确定向辐射声波的技术。     

套管井中相控线阵声源激发的声场研究

利用相控线阵声源的动态声束偏转技术可大大增强套管井孔中有用模式波的幅度。通过实轴积分方法计算了相控线阵声源在多种胶结状况下的充液套管井中的声场,计算结果表明在Ⅰ、Ⅱ界面均胶结良好时随着相控线阵阵元间激励延迟时间的增加,地层滑行纵波和滑行横波的幅度逐渐增强,当相控线阵声源的声束偏转角先后等于地层第一临界角和第二临界角时可使滑行纵波和滑行横波幅度分别加强到最大;在Ⅰ(或Ⅱ)界面存在微环时,单个点声源激发的套管井全波波形中观测不到地层信息,当采用相控线阵声源做发射器时,通过选择相邻阵元间合适的激励延迟时间,可有效地增强地层滑行纵横波的幅度,同时还可较好的抑制套管波的能量。     

横波速度径向层析成像方法及应用研究

近来三维声波成像技术的一个重要进展是利用偶极子弯曲波反演地层径向横波速度剖面。确定地层径向横波速度变化对评价井壁稳定性、估算地应力和优化油藏生产等有着重要的意义。偶极横波测井激发的弯曲波低频探测较深,高频探测较浅,本文根据偶极弯曲波的频散特征,采用约束反演的方法求取地层径向横波速度变化。在实际测井中,经常会遇到偶极子弯曲波的频散曲线在高频时缺失或者不准确的情况,这会使约束反演方法产生误差。针对这一现象,本文提出利用理论频散数据进行高频约束,并通过数值模拟验证了改进后约束反演方法的正确性。本文给出了一个致密气层的横波速度径向剖面综合应用实例,发现地层径向横波速度变化程度与岩石脆性有很好的对应关系,最终的压裂效果由压前、压后正交偶极横波各向异性的变化得到了印证,压裂后油气产量提高。     

套管井中相控线阵声源激发声场的实验室物理模拟研究

为了探讨任意胶结状况下的套管井中均能直接并清晰的测量到地层信息的可行性,开展了套管井缩小模型的声波测井实验室物理模拟研究。实验测量了套管井不同胶结状况下相控线阵声源做发射器时的全波波形。通过对相控线阵声源不同偏转角时测量的全波波形分析表明,在Ⅰ、Ⅱ界面均胶结良好时随着相控线阵阵元间激励延迟时间的增加,当相控线阵声源的声束偏转角先后等于地层第一临界角和第二临界角时可使井孔中接收的地层滑行纵波和滑行横波幅度分别加强到最大;在套管井Ⅰ界面胶结差以及自由套管中,仍有效的探测到了地层的滑行纵波和横波信息。此实验结果验证了在任意胶结状况下的套管井中均能直接测量到地层信息的可行性,为开发新一代的套管井相控线阵声波测井仪奠定了实验基础。      

相控圆弧阵声源在TI地层井孔中产生的声场

研究了相控圆弧阵声源在各向异性地层井孔中产生的声场的特征,重点分析了该声源对于地层横波各向异性的方位敏感性,旨在探索一种新的地层声学各向异性测量方法。结果显示:相控圆弧阵声源在地层中可激发多种方位阶数的声场,主要成分为单极子波场和偶极子波场;在HTI地层竖直井中,方位角不同的圆弧阵声源激发的波动的速度不同,相控圆弧阵声源对于地层横波速度的方位各向异性的敏感性主要是它所激发的弯曲波的贡献。相比于传统的正交偶极子声波测井而言,采用相控圆弧阵声源可以评价井附近地层的周向非均质性,可以提高井周测量覆盖次数,提高反演结果的可靠性。另外,相控圆弧阵声源兼具备多极子声源的功能,优化的相位控制方式可以实现方位各向异性的最佳测量。      

声波测井资料在储集层评价中的应用

本文通过简化Biot定义的弹性常数，得到了综合岩石纵、横波速度估算孔隙度的公式和识别岩。的公式．实例表明，本文公式不仅适用于纯地层，而且还适用于泥质地层．因此，就估算地层孔隙度i言，可以用本文公式来取代现有的经验公式．     

非均匀饱含黏性流体孔隙介质中声波传播及井孔声场分析

声波在饱含流体孔隙介质中的传播特性与流体的黏滞性及孔隙介质的非均匀性密切相关.本文在Biot理论基础上,考虑了孔隙流体的剪切应力及孔隙结构的非均匀性,采用含黏性流体孔隙介质中的波动理论,研究了孔隙介质中四种体波的频散和衰减特性,分析了慢横波对快纵波转换散射的影响,进一步推导了孔隙地层井孔中的模式波及其声场的解析解,研究了非均匀孔隙介质中井孔模式波和波列的特征.研究结果表明,含黏性流体孔隙介质中存在慢横波,慢横波的频散很强,其传播特征受到介质孔隙度、渗透率及孔隙流体黏度的影响.在非均匀孔隙介质中,与慢横波相关的剪切应力平衡过程不仅导致快纵波的频散和衰减,还会影响井孔伪瑞利波及斯通利波的传播特征.本文的工作完善了孔隙介质中声波传播的物理机制,为孔隙地层井孔声波的解释与应用提供了理论指导.     

具微结构地壳中非线性地震波的演化

非线性地震波在地壳中传播及演化规律的研究具有重要实际意义.利用有限差分方法, 对非线性地震纵波和横波在具微结构地壳中的演化过程进行了详细的数值模拟.结果表明,非线性地震纵波和横波在具微结构地壳中可以逐渐演化成一个孤立波或两个孤立波或孤立波列或消失.地震波的初始幅度、频散系数和体力因子对演化过程和结果都有重要影响.研究结果揭示了非线性地震波在一种微结构地壳中的演化规律,这有助于在理论上解释一些特殊地震波现象.     

横波纵波波动演示仪

针对现有仪器演示横波和纵波的不足,自制了横波纵波波动演示仪.利用曲柄滑块机构将电机的旋转运动变成直线往复运动,以此带动橡皮筋和圆柱形弹簧振动得到横驻波与纵驻波,通过观察横波和纵波的振动图像、产生条件就能让学生直观感受横波与纵波的形成与产生过程.     

三点弯曲试验 条件下花岗岩声发射横纵波特征及损伤演化*

开展花岗岩三点弯曲试验,利用横纵波两种传感器接收花岗岩破坏过程的声发射信号,对比分析声发射横纵波信号的时频特征,在此基础上,基于声发射横纵波建立损伤变量,探讨花岗岩三点弯曲条件下损伤演化规律。研究结果表明：花岗岩破坏过程声发射横纵波事件率变化趋势较为相似,临近峰值载荷时均加速上升,破坏时达到峰值,但纵波事件率加速点早于横波事件率;声发射横纵波能率变化趋势一致,呈现峰前低水平稳定变化、峰后陡升到峰值的特征。声发射横纵波主频在临近峰值载荷逐渐形成主频条带,但其频率存在差异,纵波主频分布在0~10 kHz、30~50 kHz和100~110 kHz,而横波主频集中分布在0~10 kHz。相比纵波损伤变量,横波损伤变量能够刻画峰后损伤急速发展的过程,能较好地表征花岗岩三点弯曲作用下损伤变化规律。     

光子晶体多通道可调谐偏振滤波器的理论研究

通过对设计的一维掺杂光子晶体的数值计算和理论分析,得出了两个偏振态缺陷模透射峰的变化特征为:P-偏振波其缺陷模透射峰在入射角大于0.75(rad)范围内有多条明显的缺陷模透射峰带,而S-偏振波在入射角大于0.75 (rad) 范围内没有缺陷模透射峰;P-偏振波缺陷模在同一杂质光学厚度可以截到多个波长不同的透射峰.以此为基础设计出滤波通道波长可调范围大于60 nm 、滤波通道的半高宽可调范围在1~5 nm、滤波通道透射峰值大于0.98的一维光子晶体三通道可调谐偏振滤波器.     

Excitation of a tube wave in a borehole by an external isotropic point source

The excitation of a tube wave in an infinite fluid-filled borehole by an external isotropic point source is considered. The solution to the problem is obtained in the form of a double integral with respect to the ray parameter (slowness) and frequency. The integral with respect to the slowness is transformed to a contour integral in the complex slowness plane and then reduced to the integral over the edges of the cut of the vertical slowness function and the semiresidues at the poles. An asymptotic expression for the wave field in the borehole is obtained with allowance for the radiation condition at infinity. It is shown that, when a longitudinal spherical wave is incident on the borehole, only one low-frequency Stoneley wave is excited and not two, as was assumed earlier [1].     

Induced P-wave superfluidity in asymmetric fermi gases

We show that two new intraspecies P-wave superfluid phases appear in two-component asymmetric Fermi systems with short-range S-wave interactions. In the BEC limit, phonons of the molecular BEC induce P-wave superfluidity in the excess fermions. In the BCS limit, density fluctuations induce P-wave superfluidity in both the majority and the minority species. These phases may be realized in experiments with spin-polarized Fermi gases.     

Kondo晶格中的超导理论

为解释重费密子超导现象,本文在Kondo晶格中建立了S波和P波超导理论,并在推广的Nambu空间中对f电子和传导电子的杂化作用进行了自洽处理,计算了有关物理量。理论证明:如果认为f电子参与超导,对S波,所得到的超导转变温度与Tachiki等人的结果一致,但比热跃交与他们的不同,本文的结果更合理些;对P波,由Kondo晶格模型描述的重费密子超导系统等效于修正的局域的费密超流体。此外,本文还研究了杂质散射对超导态的影响,并对各种不同的超导态分别得到了出现无能隙超导的条件。 关键词：     

Stoneley wave generation by an external seismic point source in an infinite fluid-filled borehole embedded in a transversely isotropic formation: Basic relationships

The method of integral transformations is used to obtain a long-wave solution to the problem of tube wave excitation by an external point source in an infinite fluid-filled borehole embedded in a transversely isotropic formation. The external field that occurs in the formation gives rise to waves in the borehole fluid. The waves generated in the borehole include the lowest mode of the Stoneley wave (tube wave), which is the borehole eigenmode, and the qP-and qSV-waves. It is shown that the Stoneley wave is determined by the contributions of two poles in the complex plane of horizontal slowness. According to the asymptotic solution, the Stoneley wave can be described by one of three different waveforms depending on the relationship between the elastic parameters of the surrounding anisotropic formation and the borehole fluid. An analysis of the results of calculations shows that the shape and polarity of the Stoneley wave strongly depend on the sign of the nonellipticity parameter of the elastic medium, which offers a possibility of estimating the anisotropy of the borehole environment from observations of the waveform of the Stoneley wave.     

一个可能的P波型重费密子超导体——UBe13

在朗道的费密液体理论框架下,我们解释了重费密子超导体UBe₁₃的超导临界温度随压力变化的实验结果。所得结论是:PBe₁₃可能是一个P波型的重费密子超导体。同时也发现由于加压使得系统的f能级与费密能级的相对移动和f电子与导带电子杂化的增加对S波超导有利,而对P波超导不利。 关键词：     

The manifold of solutions of Roy's S- and P-wave equations for pion-pion scattering: The neighbourhood of the physical amplitudes

We study the solutions of the coupled S- and P-wave Roy equations for low-energy pion-pion scattering which are in the neighbourhood of a given solution. We give a general method for constructing these solutions for fixed inelasticities and driving terms and variable S-wave scattering lengths. In the case of the neighbourhood of the physical amplitudes, our procedure leads to a seven-dimensional manifold of solutions. If we omit variations affecting only the I = 0 S-wave around the $\text{K}\text{K}$ threshold, the number of dimensions is reduced to five, in accordance with the results of the phenomenological analysis of low-energy pion-pion scattering. Our solutions allow a study of the correlations between S- and P-waves implied by the Roy equations. This work completes a previous one dealing with the single-channel problem of the I = 1 P-wave.     

Intermediate energy nucleon-deuteron scattering theory

We examine Sloan's conclusion for an S-wave separable model, that terms of the multiple-scattering series beyond single scattering contribute only to S- and P-wave amplitudes. Comparison of experiment with the present calculation at 146 MeV shows that these conclusions are applicable to nucleon-deuteron scattering.     

Effects of sediment acoustic characteristics on low-frequency acoustic field distribution in shallow water

Most of the published literatures on low-frequency underwater sound propagation are focused on the sound propagation features in the water column,while studies on sound propagation features in the sediment layer or the semi-infinite basement are rare.In this paper,based on the wave equation,a computational model for sound energy flux in the sediment layer and the basement as well as in the water column is proposed under a cylindrical coordinate system.On this basis,the effects of various sediment acoustic parameters on the sound energy distribution and the corresponding mechanisms are elaborated through numerical examples and acoustic theory.Simulation results reveal that,in a situation where sediment P-wave speed>water sound speed> sediment S-wave speed,the greater the values of density and P-wave speed in sediment,the more likely it is that the sound energy remains in the water column without leaking to the sea floor.Conversely,the influence of the variation of S-wave speed is reversed.Basement influence on the sound propagation in the fluid layer is approximately negligible if the sediment layer is sufficiently thick.