毛细管电泳无胶筛分介质分离DNA的机理

快速、高效而灵敏的分离技术对于DNA的分析是至关重要的。使用无胶筛分介质的毛细管电泳是最重要的DNA分离技术之一,通常使用无交联的高分子溶液作为无胶筛分介质。本文在介绍高分子溶液理论的基础上,综述了DNA在毛细管电泳无胶筛分介质（缠结溶液和稀溶液）中的分离机理,主要包括Ogston筛分模型、各种修正的爬行模型、瞬态缠结偶合机理及其改进机理等。     

添加剂在毛细管电泳分离DNA中的作用研究进展

使用无胶筛分介质的毛细管电泳（包括毛细管阵列电泳和微芯片电泳）是最重要的DNA分离技术之一。在低粘度的无胶筛分介质中加入某种添加剂是一种有效且简单的克服填充困难和提高DNA分离性能的方法。本文就各种添加剂（如多羟基化合物、粘土、金纳米粒子、乳胶粒等）对提高无胶筛分介质中DNA的分离性能的作用进行了综述。     

毛细管电泳中聚合物溶液筛分脱氧核糖核酸

围绕着毛细管电泳中聚合物溶液筛分脱氧核糖核酸（ＤＮＡ）的机理和分离介质、条件,综述了近年来该技术的发展,及其在ＤＮＡ测序、聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）产物分析方面的应用及其发展前景。     

毛细管电泳无胶筛分介质分离DNA的机理

快速、高效而灵敏的分离技术对于DNA的分析是至关重要的.使用无胶筛分介质的毛细管电泳是最重要的DNA分离技术之一,通常使用无交联的高分子溶液作为无胶筛分介质.本文在介绍高分子溶液理论的基础上,综述了DNA在毛细管电泳无胶筛分介质(缠结溶液和稀溶液)中的分离机理,主要包括Ogston筛分模型、各种修正的爬行模型、瞬态缠结偶合机理及其改进机理等.     

毛细管电泳无胶筛分介质分离DNA的机理

快速、高效而灵敏的分离技术对于DNA的分析是至关重要的。使用无胶筛分介质的毛细管电泳是最重要的DNA分离技术之一,通常使用无交联的高分子溶液作为无胶筛分介质。本文在介绍高分子溶液理论的基础上,综述了DNA在毛细管电泳无胶筛分介质(缠结溶液和稀溶液)中的分离机理,主要包括Ogston筛分模型、各种修正的爬行模型、瞬态缠结偶合机理及其改进机理等。     

聚环氧乙烷无胶筛分毛细管电泳分离宽分子量范围DNA片段

在无胶筛分毛细管电泳中,以聚环氧乙烷为筛分介质,用硅烷化处理的毛细管柱（31.2 cm×75 μm有效长度21.0 cm）分离DL5000 DNA Marker（DNA长度为100~5000 bp）,研究筛分介质浓度、缓冲液pH、分离电压和溴化乙锭浓度对分离双链DNA片段的影响,优化出分离100~5000 bp DNA片段的最佳条件。毛细管电泳的最佳条件为PEO浓度0.5%、缓冲液pH值8.0、电压12 kV、溴化乙锭浓度3.0 μg/mL。此条件下,对山梨醇脱氢酶基因（SDH）和乙烯受体基因（ETR1）的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增产物同时检测,分离、鉴定效果良好。     

基于纤维素衍生物的毛细管无胶筛分电泳及其应用

毛细管无胶筛分电泳近年来取得了很大进展。本文综述了以纤维素衍生物作为筛分介质的毛细管无胶筛分电泳的研究进展,包括筛分理论,筛分体系模式,以及它在DNA、蛋白质分离方面的应用。     

脉冲毛细管电泳分离蛋白质的研究

蛋白质是机体细胞的重要组成成分,通过分析蛋白质可获得机体的受损或病变情况,因此毛细管电泳（CE）分析蛋白质分子在临床医学中具有重要的应用价值。该文以溶菌酶、生长激素、碳酸酐酶、肌动蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和磷酸化酶B为样本,采用有效长度为6 cm和总长度为8 cm的毛细管,以羟乙基纤维素（HEC）为分离介质,首次采用脉冲电场毛细管电泳（PFCE）,研究了脉冲频率及调制深度对不同蛋白质（分子量14.4～97.4 kDa）分离效率的影响。结果表明,相对于电场强度为100 V/cm的直流电场毛细管电泳（DCCE）,在1.4% HEC筛分介质中采用平均电场强度为100 V/cm,脉冲频率为10 Hz,调制深度为250%的脉冲电场时,相同蛋白质分子的分离时间缩短6.6%～9.6%;脉冲电场与蛋白质分子的共振频率为10 Hz,当脉冲频率低于共振频率时,分离时间随脉冲频率的增高而延长,反之则随脉冲频率的增高而减少;当脉冲频率与共振频率相同时,其分离度提高34.1%～88.1%,理论塔板数最高为4.03 × 104;在相同平均电场下,当调制深度由0提至250%时,筛分介质内的焦耳热比直流电场时提高了2.64倍;焦耳热的提高使得筛分介质的粘度降低,导致蛋白质分子在筛分介质内的迁移时间随电场脉冲调制深度的增加而减少,且蛋白质的分子量越大,其迁移时间越小,其中磷酸化酶B的迁移时间减少约9.6%,但相邻蛋白质分子间的分离度无明显降低。该研究为提高CE对蛋白质分子的分离效率提供了新方法。     

毛细管电泳-限制性片段长度多态性分析检测胃癌H-ras基因点突变

建立一种毛细管电泳快速高效检测限制性内切酶酶切产物的方法, 使其更好地用于基因诊断. 以甲基纤维素(Methyl cellulose, MC)为筛分介质, 用pUC19 DNA/Msp I (Hpa II) Marker标准DNA片段为实验对象, 通过考察筛分介质的浓度、pH值、毛细管的温度和运行电压优化出分离小于600 bp的双链DNA片段的最适条件, 并将此方法应用于临床59例胃癌患者肿瘤组织H-ras基因12位密码子点突变情况的检测. MC是一种良好的筛分介质, 运用其进行毛细管电泳对于遗传性疾病的诊断将更加快速、准确、简便、灵敏.     

高效毛细管线性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳柱的制备、柱性能表征及操作条件考察

发展一种简便快速的线性聚丙烯酰胺毛细管凝胶电泳（ＣＧＥ）柱的新型制备方法，用于分离Ｐｏｌｙ ｄＡ（４０～６０）和双链ＤＮＡ，柱效达 ６百万理论板／米。提出“筛分能力”作为 ＣＧＥ柱评价指标，对样品迁移行为随操作条件的变化规律进行考察，为毛细管凝胶电泳的理论研究和实验条件优化奠定了基础。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。