N-乙氧羰基-N'-取代芳基硫脲晶体中的弱相互作用及超分子结构研究

合成了3种N-乙氧羰基-N'-取代芳基硫脲并确定了其晶体结构,晶体结构表明,在这些化合物中存在分子内及分子间的氢键,分子间的氢键将化合物1和2组装成了一维链状的超分子结构,由于空间因素,化合物3没有形成类似于1,2中的氢键组装成的链状超分子结构,而是形成了氢键链接的二聚体.同时在化合物1,3中还存在分子间的芳环间的π-π相互作用.在化合物1的晶体中,这种π-π相互作用使相邻的超分子链之间相互关联.化合物3的晶体中,相邻的二聚体间又通过π-π相互作用连接成了无限延伸的一维链状结构.     

铜与苯甲酸和邻菲咯啉三元配合物的合成与晶体结构

合成了铜 (Ⅱ )与苯甲酸和邻菲咯啉三元配合物 [Cu(ba) 2 (phen) (H2 O) ] (ba :苯甲酸 ;phen :1,10 邻菲咯啉 ) ,得到了它的单晶。用X射线衍射法测定了配合物的晶体结构。晶体学数据如下 :C52 H4 0 Cu2 N4 O10 ,Mr=10 0 7.96 ,单斜 ,P2 1/n ,a =10 .45 5 (1) ,b =2 1.2 6 3(2 ) ,c =11.199(2 ) ;β =117.6 90 (10 )°,Z =2 ,V =2 2 0 4.5 (5 ) 3,F(0 0 0 ) =10 36 ,Dc=1.5 19Mg/m3,μ =1.0 33mm- 1。晶体分子配位中心Cu(Ⅱ )离子的配位数为 5 ,这五个配位原子形成一个畸变的四方锥结构 ,配合物分子因分子间氢键作用以二聚体形式存在。     

奥美沙坦与苯甲酸共晶的太赫兹光谱与密度泛函理论分析

利用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)与密度泛函理论(DFT)确定奥美沙坦与苯甲酸共晶的分子结构.THz-TDS实验结果显示,奥美沙坦在0.53,0.98和1.09 THz处存在吸收峰,苯甲酸在0.65,0.89和1.10THz处存在吸收峰,而奥美沙坦与苯甲酸共晶则在0.64和1.33 THz处存在吸收峰,表明共晶体物相结构不同于原料物质.根据奥美沙坦分子的结构特点,采用DFT方法对奥美沙坦及奥美沙坦与苯甲酸共晶的3种可能共晶体结构进行模拟.奥美沙坦模拟结果显示其理论光谱在0.76,1.05和1.27 THz处存在吸收峰,与实验相吻合;而对奥美沙坦与苯甲酸所形成的共晶体,模拟结果显示共晶理论晶型Ⅰ与共晶理论晶型Ⅱ及Ⅲ相比更吻合实验结果,由此判断奥美沙坦与苯甲酸共晶结构应为共晶理论晶型Ⅰ.在此共晶体中苯甲酸中羧酸的羰基与奥美沙坦的氨基形成一个氢键,而此羧酸的羟基与奥美沙坦的五元环上的氮原子形成第2个氢键.结合理论模拟的结果对奥美沙坦、奥美沙坦与苯甲酸共晶的吸收峰进行振动模式归属.     

3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸二聚体氢键结构性质

分子间相互作用在生物和材料等科学中发挥着关键作用,研究分子间相互作用的本质意义重大。氢键是分子间相互作用的一种主要形式,在确定分子构象和晶体结构以及生物分子尤其是核酸和蛋白质的结构功能中起着重要作用[1-3]。苯甲酸衍生物广泛存在于生物大分子内,与生物活性离子通过氢键作用等改变生物活性分子的活性功能,研究苯甲酸衍生物分子间氢键相互作用对于了解生物体内的化学现象具有重要意义。研究表明菱角的抗肿瘤作用明显,实验上已经从菱角中成功提取了活性单体化合物:3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸二聚体[4],理论研究标题化合物的氢键结构与氢…     

N,N′-双-(2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-羟基-1,3-丙二胺Schiff碱的合成及晶体结构

合成了标题Schiff碱并获得了其单晶，化学式为射线单晶衍射分析，该晶体属于单斜晶系，空间群P21/c，晶胞参数：可观测衍射点数1014个。晶体中分子以氢键结合形成二聚体。     

蒽与苯甲酸及其衍生物之间的作用机理研究

用紫外差光谱、红外光谱法和荧光猝灭法研究了典型多环芳烃蒽与苯甲酸及其羟基取代衍生物邻羟基苯甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸之间的作用机理。实验结果表明,在此芳香羧酸与蒽之间存在定向的、特异性的作用,其作用方式受到反应物结构和环境酸度的影响。对苯甲酸和邻羟基苯甲酸而言,当pH<pKa时,二者之间以蒽离域大π电子与羧基质子之间的π-H氢键作用为主,pH>pKa时,π-π电子给体受体作用逐渐成为主要结合方式。邻位羟基的存在使得苯甲酸与蒽的作用强度明显降低。对羟基苯甲酸特殊的D-π-A型分子结构使得它在溶液中形成平面多分子聚集体,这种多分子聚集体的生成使得对羟基苯甲酸与蒽的结合方式不随酸度变化,在pH2.0~10.0的范围内均以π-π电子给体受体作用相结合,且结合强度大于苯甲酸和邻羟基苯甲酸。     

N-乙氧羰基-N'-取代芳基硫脲晶体中的弱相互作用及超分子结构研究

合成了3种N-乙氧羰基-N'-取代芳基硫脲并确定了其晶体结构, 晶体结构表明, 在这些化合物中存在分子内及分子间的氢键, 分子间的氢键将化合物1和2组装成了一维链状的超分子结构, 由于空间因素, 化合物3没有形成类似于1, 2中的氢键组装成的链状超分子结构, 而是形成了氢键链接的二聚体. 同时在化合物1, 3中还存在分子间的芳环间的π-π相互作用. 在化合物1的晶体中, 这种π-π相互作用使相邻的超分子链之间相互关联. 化合物3的晶体中, 相邻的二聚体间又通过π-π相互作用连接成了无限延伸的一维链状结构.     

配合物[Cu(m-TFBA)(phen)(H2O)2]·(m-TFBA)的水热合成、晶体结构及量子化学研究

以醋酸铜、间三氟甲基苯甲酸(m-TFBA)和邻菲咯啉(phen)为原料在甲醇水介质中通过水热反应,合成了一个新的单核铜(Ⅱ)配合物[Cu(m-TFBA)(phen)(H2O)2]·(m-TFBA),用元素分析、红外光谱和热重分析对配合物进行了表征.X-射线单晶衍射表明,配合物属三斜晶系,空间群P(-)1,晶胞参数:a=1.001 61(10)nm,b=1.15069(12)nm,c=1.28649(12)nm,α=82.217(2)°,β=84.767(2)°,γ=66.371(2)°,V=1.3448(2)nm3,Z=2,Dr=1.625 g·cm-3,,R1[I>2σ(I)]=0.042 1,wR2>2σ(I)=0.0958.铜(Ⅱ)分别与来自邻菲咯啉的2个氮原子、间三氟甲基苯甲酸的1个氧原子和2个水分子中的2个氧原子配位,形成变形的四方锥结构.配合物通过强的O-H…O氢键作用形成了二聚体结构,该二聚体又通过分子间弱的C-H…0氢键作用形成了一维链状结构.配合物中配位的间三氟甲基苯甲酸上的三氟甲基基团具有无序结构.对配合物中[Cu(m-TFBA)(phen)(H2O)2]+进行了量子化学从头计算,探讨了配合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量以及一些前沿分子轨道的组成特征.     

O，O—二（β，β′—二叠氮异丙基）—α—对甲苯磺酰氨基—间硝基苄基磷酸酯的合成及晶体结构

首次合成了标题化合物C20H23N14O7PS，并通过元素分析、IR和^1H NMR对化合物进行了表征，用X射线单晶衍射法测定了该化合物的晶体结构。晶体中一个不对称单元内有四个结晶学上独立的分子，这四个分子的构型基本相同。每两个分子之间以一对N－－H…O氢键连接，生成一个非中心对称的二聚体，组成二聚体的两个分子侧链局部权象存在明显的差异。整个晶体则是由这些二聚体以van der Waals作用力堆积而成。     

对甲氧基苯甲醛肟晶体结构、红外光谱及分子间相互作用的实验与理论研究

从实验和理论两个方面研究了Z型和E型对甲氧基苯甲醛肟晶体的熔点、 结构、 红外光谱和分子间相互作用. 在E型和Z型晶体中, 对甲氧基苯甲醛肟分子分别呈二聚体重复单元和双链Zigzag结构排列. 研究结果表明, 电荷分布变化引起的静电相互作用差别、 形成氢键的方式和强度以及晶体中分子排列方式导致的范德华作用不同是造成Z型和E型对甲氧基苯甲醛肟固体熔点、 红外光谱等物理性质差别的根本原因.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。