热塑性弹性体的进展

一、引言近十年来,在聚合物科学中,嵌段共聚物的研究有着较快的发展。一些结构、分子量大小和分子量分布可控制的聚合物相继出现,其中又以热塑性弹性体最引人注目。最早的热塑性弹性体是1965年合成的一种新的苯乙烯—丁二烯的嵌段共聚物。它无需化学硫化,就具有交联、补强橡胶的特性,同时又能用一般热塑性聚合物的加工方法来加工成制品。热塑性弹性体这一名称也正是由此得来。     

三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯热塑性弹性体

综述了三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯(EPDM/PP)热塑性弹性体的发展历程、市场情况以及EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体的结构、性能及其影响因素。EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体由EPDM和PP通过动态硫化技术制备而成,在室温下具有橡胶的高弹性,在加工温度下具有塑料的流动性。在性能上,EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体受加工设备、共混工艺、配合体系的综合影响。     

聚乳酸热塑性弹性体的研究进展

热塑性弹性体(TPE)是一类应用领域非常广泛且极具发展潜力的高分子材料,然而目前TPE品种所选用的原料(包括单体或聚合物)绝大部分都是源于石油基不可再生资源。作为一种极具潜力替代石油基高分子的生物基脂肪族聚酯材料,聚乳酸(PLA)具有原料来源丰富并可再生、生物降解性良好、强度和模量高等优点,因此聚乳酸TPE的研究吸引了国内外学者广泛的关注。本文综述了PLA嵌段共聚物型TPE和PLA基动态硫化热塑性弹性体(TPV)的最近的研究进展,详细阐述了它们的制备路线以及材料的性能,最后指出了当前PLA热塑性弹性体研究中存在的不足。     

人造蜘蛛丝的制备及其超收缩性能的综述

蜘蛛丝在材料特性方面超出了许多天然纤维和合成纤维。自然界中蜘蛛丝的纺丝是由可溶性的蜘蛛丝蛋白在专门的纺纱器官内发生复杂的生物化学和物理过程后形成的固体纤维。受天然蜘蛛丝的启发,人造蜘蛛丝的制备方法包括重组蛋白质工程、聚合物和有机合成技术。蜘蛛丝是超分子聚合物,具有许多众所周知的合成超分子材料的性能,例如嵌段共聚物,热塑性弹性体等。本综述讨论了蜘蛛丝的结构、人造蜘蛛丝的制备及其超收缩性能。     

胶粉的改性及其在热塑性弹性体中的应用

我国每年产生大量的废橡胶造成了严重的环境污染,作为废橡胶回收再利用的有效途径,胶粉的研究和应用受到广泛关注.本文介绍了胶粉的脱硫再生改性技术与表面活化改性技术及胶粉在热塑性弹性体中的应用,简述了胶粉基热塑弹性体的制备方法并比较了熔融共混法与动态硫化法的区别,概述了各类胶粉基热塑性弹性体的研究现状,着重介绍了胶粉基热塑弹...     

PVC/CPE/POE热塑性弹性体特性研究

研究了氯化聚乙烯（CPE）增容PVC／POE热塑性弹性体的结构与性能,通过对比使用增容剂CPE前后体系的力学性能,确证CPE对PVC／POE体系具有良好的增容效果。用DSC,SEM对热塑性弹性体的结构特性进行了研究,采用动态硫化的方法,提高了热塑性弹性体的性能。     

原子转移自由基法合成4-(4′-甲氧基苯基甲亚胺)苯酚功能化的六臂星型聚苯乙烯

星型聚合物由于其独特的构型及其粘弹性能使其可能在交联剂,离子交换聚合物,表面活性剂,增容剂,热塑性弹性体等方面得到广泛的应用.星型聚合物按其链结构可以分为,星型(嵌段)聚合物[1],星型-支化聚合物[2],星型-梳状聚合物[3].星型聚合物的合成始于20世纪50年代活性负离子聚合[     

累托石粘土/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体纳米复合材料的研究

采用十二烷基季铵盐合成了一种有机累托石 (ORECA) ,并分别采用不同填充量 2 ,5 ,8份的累托石(REC)及ORECA 与热塑性聚氨酯弹性体 (TPUR)通过熔融共混制备出了粘土 /热塑性聚氨酯弹性体纳米复合材料 ;以红外光谱 (FTIR)、广角X 射线衍射分析 (XRD)、扫描电镜 (SEM)及Molau实验方法研究了REC及ORECA 在TPUR中的分散性 ,研究了复合材料的力学性能 .结果表明 ,ORECA 在质量分数小于 5份时可以和聚氨酯弹性体达到纳米复合 ,复合材料的拉伸强度提高 4 2 % ;撕裂强度在所加份数范围内呈现递增趋势 ,8份时撕裂强度提高 4 9% .     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯的基团转移聚合

<正> 基团转移聚合(Group Transfer Polymerization,GTP)作为一种新的加聚方式,由于具有室温下使极性单体快速聚合;得到预期分子量和窄分子量分布的聚合物;可进行活性聚合,制备嵌段共聚物,对合成丙烯酸酯类橡胶或热塑性弹性体极为有利;可合成带有功能性端基和遥爪的聚合物等优点,近几年来发展迅速。到目前为止,最有效和最常用的GTP引发剂是二甲基乙烯酮甲基三甲基硅基缩醛     

不同软段聚氨酯的透气性研究

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体是一种包含有软、硕段的多嵌段聚合物,有关其结构与性质的研究已有很多报道^[1,2],但对它的透气性质研究尚少.McBride^[3]和 Knight^[4]等曾对不同硬段含量、不同扩链剂的聚氨酯透气性质作过研究.本工作着重研究不同软段结构和软段长度对聚氨酯透气性的影响,以及含混合软段的聚氨酯的透气性.     

高分子科学实验教学改革初探

设想将高分子化学、高分子物理和高分子成型加工三门实验课程有机地串联起来,组建成一门包括从高分子材料设计(用计算机软件进行分子设计、性能模拟)、聚合物合成、性能测试(物性表征)到加工成型(制作成高分子材料制品),能环环相扣、互动式的、柔性化的高分子科学实验课程;提出了初步的实践方案.     

The effect of formulation variables on the characteristics of insulin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres prepared by a single phase oil in oil solvent evaporation method

Biodegradable polymeric microspheres are ideal vehicles for controlled delivery applications of drugs, peptides and proteins. Amongst them, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has generated enormous interest due to their favorable properties and also has been approved by FDA for drug delivery. Insulin-loaded PLGA microparticles were prepared by our developed single phase oil in oil (o/o) emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Insulin, a model protein, was successfully loaded into microparticles by changing experimental variables such as polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration, surfactant concentration and stirring speed in order to optimize process variables on drug encapsulation efficiency, release rates, size and size distribution. A 2⁴ full factorial design was employed to evaluate systematically the combined effect of variables on responses. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed spherical shapes, smooth surface morphology and microsphere structure without aggregation. FTIR and DSC results showed drug–polymer interaction. The encapsulation efficiency of insulin was mainly influenced by surfactant concentration. Moreover, polymer concentration and polymer molecular weight affected burst release of drug and size characteristics of microspheres, respectively. It was concluded that using PLGA with higher molecular weight, high surfactant and polymer concentrations led to a more appropriate encapsulation efficiency of insulin with low burst effect and desirable release pattern.     

The shape of protein–polymer conjugates in dilute solution

Protein–polymer conjugation can significantly affect many different aspects of protein behavior, ranging from their solution properties to their ability to form solution and bulk nanostructured materials. An underlying fundamental question is how the molecular design affects the shape of the conjugate and, consequently, its properties. This work measures the molecular configuration of model protein–polymer conjugates in dilute solution using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and uses quantitative model fitting to understand the shape of the molecules. Form factor measurements of four model bioconjugates of the red fluorescent protein mCherry and the polymers poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(hydroxypropyl acrylate), poly(oligoethylene glycol acrylate), and poly(ethylene glycol) show that these protein–polymer conjugates are well described by a recently developed scattering function for colloid–polymer conjugates that explicitly incorporates excluded volume interactions in the polymer configuration. In the regime where the protein does not exhibit strong interactions with the polymer, modeling the protein–polymer interactions using a purely repulsive Weeks–Chandler–Andersen potential also leads to a coarse-grained depiction of the conjugate that agrees well with its scattering behavior. The coarse-grained model can additionally be used for systems with varying protein–polymer interactions, ranging from purely repulsive to strongly attractive, which may be useful for conjugates with strong electrostatic or hydrophobic attractive interactions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 292–302     

Inside Cover: Bending Actuation of Hydrogels through Rotation of Light-Driven Molecular Motors (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 13/2023)

The unidirectional rotation of chemically crosslinked light-driven molecular motors is shown to progressively shift the swelling equilibrium of hydrogels. The concentration of molecular motors and the initial strand density of the polymer network are key parameters to modulate the macroscopic contraction of the material, and both parameters can be tuned using polymer chains of different molecular weights. These findings led to the design of optimized hydrogels revealing a half-time contraction of approximately 5 min. Furthermore, under inhomogeneous stimulation, the local contraction event was exploited to design useful bending actuators with an energy output 400 times higher than for previously reported self-assembled systems involving rotary motors. In the present configuration, we measure that a single molecular motor can lift up loads of 200 times its own molecular weight.     

The Directional Crystallization Process of Poly (triazine imide) Single Crystals in Molten Salts

Poly (triazine imide) photocatalysts prepared via molten salt methods emerge as promising polymer semiconductors with one-step excitation capacity of overall water splitting. Unveiling the molecular conjugation, nucleation, and crystallization processes of PTI crystals is crucial for their controllable structure design. Herein, microscopy characterization was conducted at the PTI crystallization front from meso to nano scales. The heptazine-based precursor was found to depolymerize to triazine monomers within molten salts and KCl cubes precipitate as the leading cores that guide the directional stacking of PTI molecular units to form aggregated crystals. Upon this discovery, PTI crystals with improved dispersibility and enhanced photocatalytic performance were obtained by tailoring the crystallization fronts. This study advances insights into the directional assembling of PTI monomers on salt templates, placing a theoretical foundation for the ordered condensation of polymer crystals.     

The Vapor-Liquid Polycondensation of Cyclohexylphosphoric Dichloride with Hydroquinone

The vapor-liquid polycondensation of cyclohexylphosphoric dichloride with hydroquinone was investigated. The influence of the temperature, reaction time, base concentration, and molar ratio of reagents on the yield, inherent viscosity, and molecular weight of the obtained polymer was studied. Second order, central, composite, rotatable experimental design was used in order to carry out this work and to mark limits of the experimental field for optimal yields and high inherent viscosities.     

Polymer grafted nanoparticles: Effect of chemical and physical heterogeneity in polymer grafts on particle assembly and dispersion

Macroscopic properties of polymer nanocomposites depend on the microscopic composite morphology of the constituent nanoparticles and polymer matrix. One way to control the spatial arrangement of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix is by grafting the nanoparticle surfaces with polymers that can tune the effective interparticle interactions in the polymer matrix. A fundamental understanding of how graft and matrix polymer chemistries and molecular weight, grafting density, and nanoparticle size, and chemistry affect interparticle interactions is needed to design the appropriate polymer ligands to achieve the target morphology. Theory and simulations have proven to be useful tools in this regard due to their ability to link molecular level interactions to the morphology. In this feature article, we present our recent theory and simulation studies of polymer grafted nanoparticles with chemical and physical heterogeneity in grafts to calculate the effective interactions and morphology as a function of chemistry, molecular weights, grafting densities, and so forth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013     

The effect of polymer chain length on the thermodynamics of acrylate/cyanobiphenyl mixtures

The effect of polymer molecular mass on the phase behaviour and solubility limits of polymer/liquid crystal mixtures is studied for blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the small-molecule liquid crystal, 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (8CB). The phase diagrams from optical microscopy show a limit to the effect of increasing polymer molecular mass. The Flory-Huggins theory (FH) for polymer solutions is used to extract the interaction parameter, χ, from the phase diagrams. The initial FH fits are performed with the assumption that χ is independent of polymer molecular mass, but result in poor correlation to the microscopy data. When χ is allowed to scale with M _w, however, the FH fits are consistent with the limiting molecular mass behaviour. This result represents, to our knowledge, the first time that this scaling behaviour has been observed in polymer/liquid crystal blends. The solubility limit, β, of 8CB in PMMA for each polymer molecular mass is also determined and, when compared with the results of previous studies, support the concept that β is independent of both polymer composition and molecular masses when the polymer molecular mass exceeds ca. 5×10⁵ g mol^-1.     

高分子表面活性剂的分子设计

简要讨论高分子表面活性剂的俣成和表征方法，分析了在水溶液中两亲性聚合分子形态与表面活性的关系，单分子／多分子胶束多的形成是导致聚合物表面活性变差的主要因素，提出了高分子表面活性剂的分子设计原则，设计了多种在高分子量下将能够优质优良表面活性的高分子表面活性剂分子结构模型。