Minimal coverings of manifolds with balls

For a closed manifold M, denote by C(M) the minimal number of balls which suffice to cover M. It is shown that C(M) coincides with the Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category cat M if the latter is not too low compared with the dimension of M. In this case it follows in particular that C(M) is an invariant of the homotopy type of M. One of the applications of this result is the following: Let M be a closed manifold of sufficiently high category. Then cat(M×S¹)=cat M+1. This is a partial affirmative answer to a long-standing conjecture.     

Uniserial modules: sums and isomorphisms of subquotients

Let R be an associative ring with 1. A left R module M is uniserial i f the lattice L(M) of its submodules is totally ordered under inclusion. We give an example of a uniserial module M with the property of having two submodules 0 < H < K < M such that M is isomorphic to K/H (we call a module M with this property shrinkable). Then we give an example of a uniserial module M isomorphic to all its nonzero quotients M/N, N<M, and with L(M) isomorphic to ω²+1; this solves a problem of Hirano and Mogami [7]. Finally we show that for uniserial modules the property of being shrinkable is connected to the problem of deciding whether a module, which is both a homomorphic image of a finite direct sum of uniserial modules and a submodule of a finite direct sum of uniserial modules, is a finite direct sum of uniserial modules     

Spectral theory, Hausdorff dimension and the topology of hyperbolic 3-manifolds

Let M be a compact 3-manifold whose interior admits a complete hyperbolic structure. We let Λ(M) be the supremum of λ₀(N) where N varies over all hyperbolic 3-manifolds homeomorphic to the interior of N. Similarly, we let D(M) be the infimum of the Hausdorff dimensions of limit sets of Kleinian groups whose quotients are homeomorphic to the interior of M. We observe that A(M) = D(M)(2 − D(M)) if M is not handlebody or a thickened torus. We characterize exactly when A(M) = 1 and D(M) = 1 in terms of the characteristic submanifold of the incompressible core of M.     

Antisymmetry and analytic structure in the spectrum of a uniform Fréchet algebra

Let M be a C-smooth submanifold of a domain GCⁿ. Denote by 0(M) the algebra of germs of holomorphic functions on M, that is, each f0(M) is holomorphic in some neighbourhood of M, the neighbourhood dependent of f. Now define A(M) as the closure of 0(M) with respect to the topology of compact convergence on M.If M coincides with A(M), the spectrum of A(M), we give a necessary and sufficient condition for A(M) such that M is a complex manifold.     

Asymptotic Elasticity in Atomic Monoids

Let M be a commutative atomic monoid (i.e. every nonzero nonunit of M can be factored as a product of irreducible elements). Let ρ(x) denote the elasticity of x ∈ M, R(M) = {ρ(x) | x ∈ M} the set of elasticities of elements in M, and ρ(M) = sup R(M) the elasticity of M. Define \overline{ρ}(x) = lim_n→∞ ρ(xⁿ) to be the asymptotic elasticity of x. We determine some basic properties of the function \overline{ρ} and determine its image for certain block monoids.     

Mathematical modeling and bifurcation analysis of pro- and anti-tumor macrophages

More and more evidences show that macrophages can induce both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects. The study on genetically engineered macrophages to kill tumor cells has become a new direction for anti-cancer therapy in recent years. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model of interactions between tumor cells, M1 and M2 macrophages, and study the stability and bifurcations around the interior equilibrium. It is shown that the model exhibits stable periodic oscillations bifurcating from Hopf bifurcation, which indicates the long-term coexistence of tumor cells, M1 and M2 macrophages as well as long-term tumor relapse. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is performed to illustrate the effect of parameters on tumor size. Our results show that an increase in ξ (the ratio of activation rates by tumor cells of M2/M1 macrophages) leads to a decrease of tumor cells, which can be explained that ξ has significant effects on γ₁ (the transition rate from M1 to M2 macrophages) and γ₂ (the transition rate from M2 to M1 macrophages). Hence, the decay of tumor cells is not only the result of direct activation of M1 and M2 macrophages by tumor cells, but also the combined effect of the transition between M1 and M2 macrophages.     

Dubins’ problem on surfaces. I. nonnegative curvature

Let M be a complete, connected, two-dimensional Riemannian manifold. Consider the following question: Given any (p₁,v₁) and (p₂, v₂) in T M, is it possible to connect p₁ to P₂ by a curve y in M with arbitrary small geodesic curvature such that, for i = 1, 2, y is equal to v_i at p_i? In this article, we bring a positive answer to the question if M verifies one of the following three conditions: (a) M is compact, (b) M is asymptotically flat, and (c) M has bounded nonnegative curvature outside a compact subset.     

The Weyl functional near the Yamabe invariant

For a compact manifold M ofdim M=n≥4, we study two conformal invariants of a conformal class C on M. These are the Yamabe constant Y_C(M) and the L^n/2-norm W_C(M) of the Weyl curvature. We prove that for any manifold M there exists a conformal class C such that the Yamabe constant Y_C(M) is arbitrarily close to the Yamabe invariant Y(M), and, at the same time, the constant W_C(M) is arbitrarily large. We study the image of the mapYW:C→(Y_C(M), W_C(M))∈R ² near the line {(Y(M), w)|w∈R}. We also apply our results to certain classes of 4-manifolds, in particular, minimal compact Kähler surfaces of Kodaira dimension 0, 1 or 2.     

Enveloppe d'holomorphie locale des variétés CR et élimination des singularités pour les fonctions CR intégrables

Let M be a locally embeddable CR manifold and Φ ⊂M be a closed set. We give sufficient conditions in order that L_loc¹ functions on M which are CR on M #x003A6; are CR on M.     

Stockage diophantien et hypothèse abc généralisée

Let (M, L, φ) be a triple consisting of a first order language L and a set M that admits an interpretationof L. We define what it means for a second such triple (M′, L′, φ′) to be positive existential in (M, L, φ), which generalizes the notion of positive existential set. If the cartesian product (M × M, L,φ×φ ) is positive existential in (M, L, φ), we say it admits positive existential storing. This generalizes the notion of a storing function, known from recursion theory. We then prove that Z and certain function fields admit positive existential storing.     

ON ANTISIMPLE GAMMA RINGS

ABSTRACT

In this note, we define the antisimple radical, A(M), of a Γ-ring M. A(M) is shown to be a special radical, and two characterizations of antisimple rings due to Szész are extended to Γ-rings. If R is the right operator ring of M, then A(R)* = A(M), where A(R) is the antisimple radical of R. If m,n are positive integers, then A(M_mn) = (A(M))_mn, where M_mn denotes the group m x n matrices over M, considered as a Γ_nm -ring with the operations of matrix addition and multiplication.     

A NOTE ON THE g-PRIME RADICAL IN GAMMA RINGS

ABSTRACT

The g-prime radical of a Γ-ring M is equal to either the zero ideal or the prime radical of M. If the prime radical of M is a non-zero ideal, then the following three conditions are equivalent; (i) g-prime radical of M is equal to the prime radical of M; (ii) every g-prime ideal is a prime ideal; and (iii) every g-semiprime ideal is a semiprime ideal.     

MORPHIC MODULES

A module M is called morphic if M/M α ? ker(α) for all endomorphisms α in end(M), and a ring R is called a left morphic ring if _RR is a morphic module. We consider the open question when the matrix ring M_n(R) is left morphic by relating it to when Rⁿ is morphic as a left R-module. More generally, we investigate when M being morphic implies that end(M) is left morphic, and conversely. Finally, we relate the morphic condition to internal cancellation in the module.     

A BROWN-McCOY RADICAL FOR T-RINGS

Abstract

A notion of G-regularity is introduced for a Γ-ring M, and from this notion a Brown-McCoy radical, B(M) is defined. B(M) is shown to be a radical in the sense of Kurosh and Amitsur, and analogies of various well-known results on the Brown-McCoy radical of a ring are proved. A “right” Brown McCoy radical, B'(M) can also be defined. In general, B(M) ? B'(M).     

Zur Längenberechnung der Torsion äusserer Potenzen

Let R be a noetherian ring of dimension d and M a finitely generated R-module of homologic dimension less or equal to one. Assume further that M has a rank r, which equals d or (in case d>0) d?1 and that the r-th Fitting-ideal \(\vartheta _r (M)\) of M has grade ?d. Then the torsion-submodule of the d-th exterior power of M and the module \(R/\vartheta _r (M)\) are equivalent.     

AnM/M/c queue with impatient customers

This paper considers theM/M/c queue in which a customer leaves when its service has not begun within a fixed interval after its arrival. The loss probability can be expressed in a simple formula involving the waiting time probabilities in the standardM/M/c queue. The purpose of this paper is to give a probabilistic derivation of this formula and to outline a possible use of this general formula in theM/M/c retrial queue with impatient customers. This research was supported by the INTAS 96-0828 research project and was presented at the First International Workshop on Retrial Queues, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, September 22–24, 1998.     

On theta pairs for a maximal subgroup

For a maximal eubgroup M of a finite group G, a 8-pair is any pair of subgroups (C,D) of G such that (i) D?G, D≤C, (ii) - G, - M and (iii) C/D has no proper normal subgroup of G/D. A partial order may be defined on the family of 8-pairs. Let △(M) - {(C,D)|(C,D) is a maximal 8-pair and CM - G}. The purpose of this note is to prove: (1) A group G is solvable if and only if, for each maximal subgroup M of G, △(M) contains a 8-pair (C,D) such that C/D ie nilpctent. (2) If a group G is S₄-free, then G ia eupersolvable if and only if, for each maximal subgroup M of G, △(M) contains a 8-pair (C,D) auch that C/D is cyclic     

Automorphisms and a reduction theorem in a Sasakian space form E2m+1(−3)

Summary We construct definitely the automorphism group of a Sasakian space form ¯M=E ^2m+1 (–3) and study the existence of a totally geodesic invariant submanifold of ¯M tangent to a given invariant subspace in the tangent space of ¯M. We also study the Frenet curves in ¯M under a totally contact geodesic immersion of a contact CR-submanifold into ¯M. The purpose of this paper is to prove a reduction theorem of the codimension for a totally contact geodesic, contact CR-submanifold of ¯M.