200 MW S-band traveling wave resonant ring development at IHEP

The resonant-ring is a traveling wave circuit, which is used to produce high peak power with comparatively smaller stored energy. The application to be considered is its use as a high power simulator mainly for testing the klystron ceramic output window, as well as for high power microwave transmission devices. This paper describes the principle of a resonant ring and introduces the structure and property of the newly constructed traveling wave resonant ring at IHEP. Our goal is to produce a 200 MW class resonant ring at 2.856 GHz with a pulse length of 2 μs and repetition rate of 25 Hz. The installation, commissioning and testing of the ring have been completed and a peak power of 200 MW at 3 μs has been achieved. The conditioning results show that all the parameters of the resonant ring reach the design goals.     

Fabrication of the high power input coupler for BEPCⅡ superconducting cavities

The BEPCII storage ring adopts two 500 MHz superconducting cavities (SCC). Each one is equipped with a 500 MHz input power coupler. The coupler is to feed 150 kW power in continuous wave (CW) mode with both standing and traveling wave modes. Due to high power feeding and high frequency of the coupler, its fabrication is a big challenge. The fabrication started with two key components,the window and the antenna. Up to now, two sets including windows and antennas have been made by IHEP. And a 270 kW RF power in CW has passed through the coupler during the high power test. The fabrication details are presented in this paper.     

Fabrication of the high power input coupler for BEPCⅡ superconducting cavities

The BEPCII storage ring adopts two 500 MHz superconducting cavities (SCC). Each one is equipped with a 500 MHz input power coupler. The coupler is to feed 150 kW power in continuous wave (CW) mode with both standing and traveling wave modes. Due to high power feeding and high frequency of the coupler, its fabrication is a big challenge. The fabrication started with two key components, the window and the antenna. Up to now, two sets including windows and antennas have beam made by IHEP. And a 270 kW RF power in CW has passed through the coupler during the high power test. The fabrication details are presented in this paper.     

超导弱连接中的Josephson电流在一个磁通量子内的振荡(Ⅱ)——单结超导环

本文指出处在高Q值谐振腔中的单结超导环,当Josephson电流的n次倍频与外腔发生谐振时,由于在腔内形成的驻波电磁场对单结超导环自身的反馈作用,将导致在原来的以φ₀为周期的超流电流锯齿波振荡上迭加一个周期为φ_0/n,振幅为锯齿波振幅的2/nπ的正弦形小振荡。 关键词：     

Analysis of the instability in relativistic traveling wave tube

The relativistic traveling wave tube is an important high power microwave source. The corrugated cylindrical waveguide is usually used as slow wave structure of this device. Starting from wave equation and using boundary conditions, dispersion relation is derived for the corrugated waveguide, in which an intense relativistic electron beam propagates along the axis. Two cases which are shorter period and longer period are discussed in this paper respectively. The small signal gain of the relativistic traveling wave tube is analyzed and some conclusions are drawn. The analysis method presented in this paper can be extended to other types of slow wave structures of relativistic traveling wave tube.     

多频带太赫兹滤波器的设计

基于不同大小形状的谐振环对电磁场不同响应的原理,设计了一种由6个嵌套式的方形封闭谐振环结构（CRR）组成的多频带太赫兹滤波器。通过利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对该滤波器的透射特性进行研究,结果表明:当电磁波正入射或斜入射到谐振环所在平面时,能够出现六频带的滤波性,并且其透射系数对入射角度的变化并不敏感。该设计增加了滤波频带的个数,提高了滤波器对频率的敏感度,为多频带传感器、太赫兹通信技术等领域提供了理论方法。     

140GHz大功率交错双栅行波管的设计和模拟研究

采用交错双栅结构,结合带状电子注,研究了一种工作在140 GHz频段的大功率行波管. 本振模数值计算表明该结构具有良好的色散特性和耦合阻抗.针对所采用的慢波结构, 提出了慢波过渡结构、输入输出耦合器和集中衰减器,保证了行波管的良好工作. 利用三维大信号模拟计算的方法得到的结果显示,当电子注直流功率为5.115 kW,输入信号功率为0.1 W时, 所研究的行波管能在132-152 GHz范围内提供大于300 W的峰值功率,其中在138 GHz时得到最大功率546 W, 对应增益为37.37 dB.当在0.027-0.46 W内调节输入信号功率,可以保持该行波管在128-152 GHz 频带内得到大于440 W的峰值功率,对应的电子效率大于8.6%. 结果显示该行波管将在大功率短毫米波领域具有重要意义和潜在应用价值.     

A finite volume method and experimental study of a stator of a piezoelectric traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor

Piezoelectric traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motors are motors that generate torque by using the friction force between a piezoelectric composite ring (or disk-shaped stator) and a metallic ring (or disk-shaped rotor) when a traveling wave is excited in the stator. The motor speed is proportional to the amplitude of the traveling wave and, in order to obtain large amplitudes, the stator is excited at frequencies close to its resonance frequency. This paper presents a non-empirical partial differential equations model for the stator, which is discretized using the finite volume method. The fundamental frequency of the discretized model is computed and compared to the experimentally-measured operating frequency of the stator of Shinsei USR60 piezoelectric motor.     

Terahertz wave switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators

In this paper, we have presented a compact and integrated terahertz wave switch design based on photonic crystal ring resonators. The photonic crystal structure with square lattice is investigated and applied for design of ring resonators. The switching mechanism of this novel switch is based on the variation of the resonant frequency of the ring resonator inserted between two parallel waveguides. The refractive index of the holes of the structure filled with polyaniline electrorheological fluids are varied by applied external electric field, the result of which is the variation of the ring resonant frequency. The proposed device is analyzed by using finite difference time domain method. Numerical simulation results show that this switch has high extinction ratio, small size, low voltage and advantages of selectivity of coupling THz wave to different output ports.     

强激光超高斯光束形成的自聚焦环的分裂与抑制

通过数值求解非线性近轴波方程,详细描述了在钕玻璃介质中传输的强激光圆对称超高斯光束形成的自聚焦环,并展示了初始光束受到扰动引起环分裂的现象。对于峰值光强一定的光束,合理地选择其阶数和宽度,可以降低自聚焦成环效应,从而降低因自聚焦环分裂在光束边缘出现的细光束对介质造成的成丝破坏。     

考虑谐波互作用的行波管欧拉非线性理论模型

基于拉格朗日体系的考虑谐波互作用的理论模型,将离散的粒子近似处理为流体,得到电子相位的连续分布函数.对电子相位连续分布函数进行傅里叶一阶展开,并结合贝塞尔母函数关系式,建立了考虑谐波互作用的欧拉非线性理论模型.应用考虑谐波互作用的欧拉非线性理论模型对一支L波段空间行波管和一支C波段空间行波管进行大信号分析,并与拉格朗日理论模型进行对比.结果表明:在增益1dB压缩点之前,考虑谐波互作用的欧拉非线性理论模型与拉格朗日理论模型十分符合,增益最大误差不超过4%.考虑谐波互作用的欧拉非线性理论模型能够有效的对增益1 dB压缩点之前的谐波进行分析.仿真结果验证了考虑谐波互作用的欧拉非线性理论模型的正确性和有效性.考虑谐波互作用的欧拉非线性理论不但提供了一个谐波快速计算模型,而且为后续研究行波管谐波的产生机理与抑制方法奠定了基础.     

基于自激移相控制的行波管电源LLC变换器

为提高行波管高压电源变换器全工作状态的软开关和动态响应性能,分析了行波管负载的动态突变特性,设计了全桥LLC谐振倍压功率变换器,提出了基于自激移相控制的全桥LLC变换器的工作原理、大信号建模和设计方法,重点针对负载突变特性分析了变换器的瞬态软开关特性和控制参数设计原则。通过仿真验证了变换器在负载突变时能够实现开关管的零电压开通,说明了控制参数的自适应调整能够提高变换器的动态响应性能。通过实验分析了基于自激移相控制的全桥LLC变换器的典型波形,表明变换器具有较好的软开关特性。     

Direct observation of a "devil's staircase" in wave-particle interaction

We report the experimental observation of a "devil's staircase" in a time-dependent system considered as a paradigm for the transition to large-scale chaos in the universality class of Hamiltonian systems. A test electron beam is used to observe its non-self-consistent interaction with externally excited wave(s) in a traveling wave tube (TWT). A trochoidal energy analyzer records the beam energy distribution at the output of the interaction line. An arbitrary waveform generator is used to launch a prescribed spectrum of waves along the slow wave structure (a 4 m long helix) of the TWT. The resonant velocity domain associated to a single wave is observed, as well as the transition to large-scale chaos when the resonant domains of two waves and their secondary resonances overlap. This transition exhibits a "devil's staircase" behavior for increasing excitation amplitude, due to the nonlinear forcing by the second wave on the pendulum-like motion of a charged particle in one electrostatic wave.     

脊加载螺旋槽行波管的小信号增益计算

脊加载螺旋槽行波管是一类新型毫米波大功率器件,给出了此结构中引入电子注后的“热”色散方程,并利用“牛顿”下山法求解了此复系数超越方程.通过数值计算给出了一个工作电压为20kV频率为474GHz的脊棱加载慢波结构的具体尺寸,并对此结构中小信号增益随脊尺寸的变化情况及电子注参数对其影响进行了研究,计算结果表明：此结构适宜于作为高增益窄带毫米波大功率行波管的慢波线,其3dB增益带宽为34%;为了展宽其工作带宽,可以适当减小间隙宽度,也可在一定范围内提高电子注电流.给出的理论对于研制此类行波管具有一定的指导意 关键词：     

W波段回旋行波管放大器的模拟与设计

回旋行波管放大器是高功率毫米波雷达发射系统最重要的候选者.通过对回旋行波管放大器中的绝对不稳定性、回旋返波振荡以及电子注-波互作用的研究，讨论了回旋行波管的稳定性、寄生模式的抑制和工作参数的优化等问题，给出了W波段TE₀₁模回旋行波管放大器的模拟设计结果.PIC粒子模拟结果表明，在电子注电压100kV、电流10A、工作磁场3.52T时，94GHz的基波回旋行波管放大器可获得大于250kW的输出功率、40dB的增益、大于25％的效率和约5％的带宽. 关键词： W波段 回旋行波管放大器 模拟 设计     

Development of a 500 MHz high power RF test stand

A flexible high power RF test stand has been designed and constructed at IHEP to test a variety of 500 MHz superconducting RF components for the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCⅡ), such as the input coupler, the higher order modes (HOMs) absorber and so on. A high power input coupler has been conditioned and tested with the RF power up to 250 kW in continuous wave (CW), traveling wave (TW) mode and 150 kW CW in standing wave (SW) mode. A prototype of the HOMs absorber has been tested to absorb power of 4.4 kW. An introduction of the test stand design, construction and high power tests is presented in this paper.     

X波段大功率耦合腔行波管3维粒子模拟

 为提高行波管的增益和输出波形的稳定性,开展了带高频切断X波段大功率耦合腔行波管的研究工作。以点频7.2 GHz为例,对X波段耦合腔行波管的大信号注波互作用过程进行了3维粒子模拟,该行波管包含一处高频切断及两处微波集中衰减器。数值模拟结果表明：行波管腔数为40、电子束电压为17 kV、电流为0.8 A时,可获得2.0 kW的微波输出功率,增益达23 dB,电子效率达14.7%。     

Nonlinear trans-resonant waves,vortices and patterns: From microresonators to the early Universe

Perturbed wave equations are considered. Approximate general solutions of these equations are constructed, which describe wave phenomena in different physical and chemical systems. Analogies between surface waves, nonlinear and atom optics, field theories and acoustics of the early Universe can be seen in the similarities between the general solutions that govern each system. With the help of the general solutions and boundary conditions and/or resonant conditions we have derived the basic highly nonlinear ordinary differential equation or the basic algebraic equation for traveling waves. Then, approximate analytic resonant solutions are constructed, which describe the trans-resonant transformation of harmonic waves into traveling shock-, jet-, or mushroom-like waves. The mushroom-like waves can evolve into cloud-like and vortex-like structures. The motion and oscillations of these waves and structures can be very complex. Under parametric excitation these waves can vary their velocity, stop, and change the direction of their motion. Different dynamic patterns are yielded by these resonant traveling waves in the x-t and x-y planes. They simulate many patterns observed in liquid layers, optical systems, superconductors, Bose-Einstein condensates, micro- and electron resonators. The harmonic excitation may be compressed and transformed inside the resonant band into traveling or standing particle-like waves. The area of application of these solutions and results may possibly vary from the generation of nuclear particles, acoustical turbulence, and catastrophic seismic waves to the formation of galaxies and the Universe. In particular, the formation of galaxies and galaxy clusters may be connected with nonlinear and resonant phenomena in the early Universe. (c) 2001 American Institute of Physics.     

Resonant Loss Technique Applied in Coupled Cavity Traveling Wave Tubes

The reasons of band-edge oscillation in coupled cavity traveling wave tubes (CCTWT's) have been analyzed . A band-edge oscillation can be effectively suppressed by resonant loss method. Common structure type of resonant loss technique is loss button. The computation of loss button is discussed. Finally, the test method and results of the loss button are described.     

Acoustical power amplification and damping by temperature gradients

Ceperley proposed a concept of a traveling wave heat engine ["A pistonless Stirling engine-The traveling wave heat engine," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 1508-1513 (1979).] that provided a starting point of thermoacoustics today. This paper verifies experimentally his idea through observation of amplification and strong damping of a plane acoustic traveling wave as it passes through axial temperature gradients. The acoustic power gain is shown to obey a universal curve specified by a dimensionless parameter ωτα; ω is the angular frequency and τα is the relaxation time for the gas to thermally equilibrate with channel walls. As an application of his idea, a three-stage acoustic power amplifier is developed, which attains the gain up to 10 with a moderate temperature ratio of 2.3.