捕光天线LHCⅡ的荧光光谱特性研究

采用稳态荧光光谱技术在低温83 K下用波长为436 nm和507 nm的连续光激发对LHCⅡ进行研究,得到两种波长光激发下LHCⅡ的荧光光谱,并采用高斯组分光谱解析的方法,分别解析出四个谱带,结合吸收光谱和发射光谱分析,认为各自其中两个反映了两种光谱特性：Chl a683.6680/681、Chl a694.0690.0和Chl a/b671.4670.0和Chl a683.8680/681,其余两个长波长组分可能是Chl a分子主发射峰的振动副带.另外还将两种波长光激发下得到的荧光光谱特性做了比较,436 nm光激发下LHCⅡ发出的荧光强度要高于507 nm光的激发,这是由于接收436 nm光的Chl a分子数目多于接收507 nm光的类胡萝卜素分子,且436 nm下Chl a的吸收率也大于507 nm下类胡萝卜素的.从峰值上看,436 nm较507 nm光激励下的荧光光谱峰值产生红移,表明在不同波长光激励下,色素分子之间的能量传递途径是不同的.     

荧光分析法在血糖检测中的应用

用不同波长的光激发葡萄糖溶液和血清样品,确定血清的最佳激发波长。以相同波长的光激发含不同血糖浓度的血清样品,得到不同血清的荧光发射光谱,通过分析其荧光光谱判断血清中的血糖浓度大小。实验结果表明,检测血清的最佳激发波长为340nm,血清中葡萄糖的发射峰位置为470nm;随着血清中葡萄糖浓度的增加,荧光光谱图中荧光峰处荧光强度总体呈上升趋势,光谱的面积积分强度和导数光谱中一阶导数的最大值也呈上升趋势,荧光峰的半峰宽整体呈现下降趋势。荧光光谱分析法操作简单,灵敏度高,费用相对较低,为血糖检测提供了有力的参考。     

血清浓度变化对血清荧光光谱的影响

光谱分析技术应用于血液的某些疾病诊断具有方便、快速的特点.文章采用日本岛津荧光光度计RF5301,研究了血清荧光光谱随血清浓度变化的规律,为通过血液分析进行疾病诊断提供了实验依据.实验结果表明:在不同波长的激发光激励下产生的荧光光谱不同,当用220,230,310～420 nm波长的光激发时,血清的荧光强度随着血清浓度的增加越来越大;而采用240～300 nm波长的光激发时,血清的荧光强度随着血清浓度的增加变得越来越小.实验还发现:当采用220,230,310～420 nrn波长的光激发时,血清的浓度猝灭和吸收作用不明显,主要是激发出的荧光起作用;采用240～300 nm波长的光激发时,血清浓度猝灭和吸收作用明显,导致荧光强度随着血清浓度的增加变得越来越弱.这对研究血清荧光光谱时血清浓度的选择具有参考价值.     

荧光光谱及平行因子分析法在植物油鉴别中的应用

利用FS920荧光光谱仪测量市售的八种植物油(大豆油、玉米油、橄榄油、稻米油、花生油、核桃油、葵花籽油和芝麻油)共22个样品的荧光光谱,并对其数据矩阵(EEMs)进行平行因子分析,结合荧光谱分析的直观物质表征和平行因子法对灰色体系的组分识别优势,实现了植物油的种类区分与鉴别。综合分析植物油在特定范围内(激发波长为250～550 nm,发射波长为260～750 nm)的三维荧光光谱和等高线光谱图,给出了各植物油峰位、峰数和峰强等特征信息,确定了植物油各荧光谱峰相应的荧光物质(不饱和脂肪酸类、维生素E及其衍生物、叶绿素及类胡萝卜素);将平行因子模型应用于植物油光谱数据矩阵的分析,确定了平行因子分析模型的因子数及各因子的物质基础(维生素E及其衍生物、亚油酸和亚麻酸、脂肪酸氧化产物、植物油氧化产物)。建立了植物油的4因子激发-发射光谱轮廓图和样品因子投影得分图。通过对植物油荧光光谱的图谱特征和其数据阵平行因子模型的分析,证实荧光光谱技术和平行因子分析法对植物油进行分析和种类鉴别的有效性。     

肿瘤发展过程中类胡萝卜素、卟啉代谢的模拟及其荧光分析

通过肿瘤发展过程中类胡萝卜素、卟啉代谢的模拟及其荧光分析,研究了类胡萝卜素对血清荧光法癌诊断的影响。采取肘静脉血制取血清,采用光致发光的方法研究了血清中的发光中心,模拟癌发展过程中类胡萝卜素和卟啉的代谢水平对血清荧光癌诊断方法的影响。血清中主要的发光是来自具有共轭基团的血清蛋白、类胡萝卜素和卟啉的电子跃迁。随着血清中类胡萝卜素含量的增加,520nm荧光峰强度提高,614nm附近的波谷亦升高,诊断I值(荧光强度的比值,见引言中公式(1))会下降即降低了癌诊断的阳性率。     

PSⅡ颗粒复合物低温荧光光谱特性

为了获得低温下PSⅡ颗粒复合物色素分子间的能量传递信息,运用荧光激发谱及荧光发射谱对273 K温度时不同波长光激发下菠菜的PSⅡ颗粒复合物的荧光光谱特性进行了研究,分析得出荧光强度的大小与激发光的波长有关,在实验所采用的激发波长中,436 nm的光激发产生的荧光强度最大,520 nm的最小.在能量传递过程中Chl a分子的荧光效率最高,Chl b分子次之.结合吸收谱分析还发现在PSⅡ颗粒复合物中至少存在四种具特征吸收的Chl分子： Chl a661660, Chl a/b672669,670,Chl a682680,Chl a690687.对436 nm光激发所得到的荧光发射谱进一步经高斯解析后得到五个光谱组分：661 nm,672 nm,682 nm,690 nm,730 nm,所占的比例分别为4.75%,9.89%,43.18%,22.08%,20.10%.     

常用合成食品色素荧光光谱研究

分析合成食品色素的分子结构特点,根据荧光与分子结构的关系,理论上推断合成食品色素是荧光物质。应用SP-2558多功能光谱测量系统,测得胭脂红、苋菜红、柠檬黄、日落黄、亮蓝等五种最常用的合成食品色素标准溶液的三维荧光光谱。结果表明,胭脂红在波长330～430 nm的光激发下,产生较强荧光,荧光峰值波长为621 nm,最佳激发波长为376 nm;苋菜红在波长300～440 nm的光激发下,产生较强荧光,荧光峰值波长为643 nm,最佳激发波长为370 nm;柠檬黄在波长280～380 nm的光激发下,产生很强荧光,荧光峰值波长为565 nm,最佳激发波长为315 nm;日落黄在波长310～410 nm的光激发下,产生较强荧光,荧光峰值波长为592 nm,最佳激发波长为348 nm;亮蓝在波长320～390 nm的光激发下,产生较强荧光,荧光峰值波长为456 nm,最佳激发波长为350 nm。进而对这五种合成食品色素的荧光光谱进行了分析讨论。结果可为食品色素检测和食品安全提供帮助。     

多坩埚温度梯度法生长Dy3+:LaF3晶体及发光特性

采用多坩埚温度梯度法(Multi-crucible temperature gradient technology,MC-TGT)制备了Dy~(3+)掺杂氟化镧(Dy~(3+)∶LaF_3)晶体。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、透射光谱、吸收光谱、荧光光谱等手段对Dy~(3+)在LaF_3晶体中的实际掺杂浓度、中红外透过光谱、可见光波段光谱特性等进行了研究。实验结果表明,Dy~(3+)在LaF_3晶体中的分凝系数约为0.8;格位浓度随着Dy~(3+)掺杂浓度提高而增加,2%Dy∶LaF_3晶体中的格位浓度达5.90×10~(20) ions·cm~(-3)。在1%Dy∶LaF_3晶体中,采用400 nm光激发,发光中心波长位于601 nm的发射谱带强度最大,位于511 nm的发射峰最宽,半高宽达152 nm;改用450 nm光激发,最强发射峰移至677 nm,最宽发射峰位于568 nm处。提高Dy~(3+)掺杂浓度到2%,采用400 nm或450 nm光激发,发光中心波长均位于478 nm和571 nm。在透射光谱2.5～9μm范围内,Dy∶LaF_3晶体(厚度为0.96 mm)红外波段透过率达85%以上。Dy∶LaF_3晶体有望在可见光、中红外等激光领域得到应用。     

苋菜红与胭脂红荧光光谱的比较分析

测量了胭脂红以及其同份异构体苋菜红的荧光光谱.胭脂红标准溶液在220～400 nm不同波长激发光下,分别在420 nm,530 nm,635 nm,687 nm波长处产生了四个荧光峰,苋菜红在220～430 nm不同波长激发光下,在654 nm处产生了一个明显荧光峰.胭脂红产生四个荧光峰是由于其具有四种可以发射荧光的荧光团,为了研究这四种荧光在不同激发光激励下产生荧光的敏感程度,以及找到胭脂红和苋菜红这两种色素产生荧光的基团之间的联系.利用荧光强度的加和性原则,分别对这两种物质的荧光强度进行了理论计算.认为苋菜红的荧光峰对应丁胭脂红的第三个荧光峰,根据此特点,初步分析了四种荧光团对这两种色素在荧光发射过程中的影响程度,同时还从结构上分析了两种色素荧光光谱差异的根本原因.     

一维氧化锌柱阵列空间取向激发的荧光光谱研究

用两步气相沉积-氧化法制备了具有高度一致指向性的一维纤锌矿六方结构的氧化锌单晶柱阵列,探测它的不同空间取向激发条件下的荧光光谱。结果表明,一维阵列样品在不同空间取向的激发光照射下,其荧光光谱有明显变化。当低功率355 nm激光对一维方向进行横向激发时,激子发光的相对强度较大;当用1 064 nm 激光取向激发时,发射光谱的差异更明显。除了荧光光谱的发射峰强弱发生变化外,在一维横向激发时上转换发射光谱产生了新的发射峰,表明在不同的取向激发下一维阵列样品对激发光的吸收有明显变化。由此产生的荧光发射的差异非常明显,表明一维氧化锌柱阵列对能量吸收、能量传递等有很强的方向性。上转换偏振光谱表明,当偏振光的振动方向与阵列的一维方向平行时,发射光谱中400 nm的发光峰强度比偏振方向与一维方向垂直时要大,表明偏振方向对一维阵列的空间取向激发荧光光谱是有影响的。在讨论阵列发光性质如发光光谱,发射强度的时候,必须明确激发光的强度、取向以及激发光的偏振方向。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.