Determination of Herbicides of the Chlorophenoxycarboxylic Acid Type in Natural and Drinking Water by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

The method of capillary electrophoresis was applied to separate and quantitatively determine herbicides belonging to the class of chlorophenoxycarboxylic acids: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyoleic, 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic, and phenoxyacetic, and the final product of their decomposition in an aqueous medium of 2,4-dichlorophenol. The influence exerted by - and - cyclodextrin on the selectivity of the separation system under study was analyzed. The hindering effect of humic acids on the separation and determination of phenoxycarboxylic acids by capillary electrophoresis was assessed.     

Separation of Hydroxybenzoic Acid Isomers by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Abstract

Capillary zone electrophoresis is a highly efficient analytical technique that has been shown to be particularly useful for the analysis of isomers. Using a cathodic injection and anodic detection scheme, ortho-, meta- and para-hydroxybenzoic acids were separated in a fused-silica capillary column with a phosphate buffer at pH 10.3 (25.0 mmol/1 phosphate + 0.20 mmol/1 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) + 10% (v/v) 1-propanol with an applied voltage of 10 KV followed by direct UV detection. The use of CTAB as electroosmotic flow modifier allows the rapid separation of the three isomers by reversing the direction of electro-osmotic flow. The influence of pH, CTAB concentration and organic solvents on the migration behaviour of the solutes were also studied.     

α-萘基缩水甘油醚对映体的毛细管区带电泳手性拆分

建立了毛细管区带电泳手性拆分α-萘基缩水甘油醚对映体的方法.考察了不同手性拆分试剂对手性选择性的影响,实验结果表明,20 mmol/L H3PO4-三乙醇胺(pH 2.5)、2%(w/V)HS-β-CD、毛细管温度20 ℃、运行电压-18 kV为最佳分离条件,在该分离条件下α-萘基缩水甘油醚对映体实现基线分离.方法简便、准确,可用于α-萘基缩水甘油醚的手性拆分和对映体过量值(ee,%)测定.     

Separation of the Phenoxy Acid Herbicides and Their Enantiomers by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis in Presence of Highly Sulphated Cyclodextrins

The study of the chiral compounds and their fate in the environment is receiving an increasing attention — enantiomeric ratios are being measured and enantioselective degradation processes are being reported. It is particularly important with the toxic compounds like the pesticides, which are being freely used in the environment to control the harmful pests. Capillary zone electrophoresis was used for the chiral and mutual separation of four phenoxy acid herbicides using highly sulphated cyclodextrins (HSCD) in the buffer. The CE runs were performed with reverse polarity (anode in the outlet vial) using the acidic ammonium formate buffer (20 mmol, pH 3). Under these conditions of suppressed the electroendoosmotic flow (EOF), the analytes are mobilized to the anode by entering into host guest relation with the migrating negatively charged sulphated cyclodextrin. The phenoxy acid herbicides selected for the purpose were fenoprop, dicloprop, mecoprop and 2,4‐DB. The α‐HSCD and β‐HSCD have been tested as resolving agents in the CE for the separation of the enantiomers of the herbicides. Though the chiral separation of the dicloprop and mecoprop were achieved with α‐HSCD but it was not able to resolve fenoprop. With β‐HSCD the required base line separation was achieved. Potential difference selected was 10 kV. The limit of detection (S/N= 3) achieved in present case is 0.15 ppm for fenoprop, 0.14 ppm for dicloprop and mecoprop and 0.11 ppm for 2,4‐DB.     

毛细管电泳分离氯代酚的研究

用毛细管区带电泳方法进行了氯代异构体分离的研究。使用６４．５ｃｍ×５０μｍ．Ｉ．Ｄ。石英毛细管柱，在４０％有机溶剂改性的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中，通过调节最佳ＰＨ值，达到了一次进样对所有氯代酚的基线分离。     

Separation and Determination of Bases by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

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Separation and Determination of D-Gluconic Acid Produced During Fermentation by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Abstract

A novel method was developed for separation and determination of D-gluconic acid produced during fermentation by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with direct UV detection at 214 nm, using selected carrier electrolyte composed of 6 mM potassium biphthalate, 50 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate and 15% (v/v) acetonitrile. The effects of concentration of phthalate, phosphate and organic modifier (acetonitrile), as well as temperature for the separation were investigated. The method is simple, inexpensive and will make it very useful in the gluconic acid industry.     

九种嘌呤碱的毛细管区带电泳分离

用毛细管区带电泳法分离和测定咖啡碱，９－Ｎ二羟丙基茶碱，可可碱，腺嘌呤，鸟嘌呤、茶碱、黄嘌呤、尿酸和６－巯基嘌呤，在熔硅毛细管（７０ｃｍ×７５μｍｉ．ｄ，有效长度６３ｃｍ）内，使用０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｐＨ＝１０）硼砂缓冲溶液，电压为２５ｋＶ温度为３０℃，真空进样１ｓ，于２６０ｎｍ处检测，可在７ｍｉｎ内分离上述到９种嘌呤碱，理论塔板数达到３．０×１０＾５，检测限达ｆｍｏｌ级，方法用于人尿分析，结果令     

毛细管区带电泳分离硝基苯胺位置异构体的研究

采用毛细管区带电泳(CZE)技术,在极端pH值条件下分离了邻、间、对硝基苯胺位置异构体;研究了背景缓冲溶液、pH值、分离电压、温度及进样时间等因素对分离的影响,得出了3种样品的标准曲线、线性范围及加样回收率。在选定的实验条件下15min内实现了上述3种苯胺类化合物的分离。该方法快速,准确,重现性好。     

糖类衍生物在毛细管区带电泳下的分离研究

以新合成的1-萘基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(NMP)为柱前衍生试剂,采用毛细管区带电泳模式考察并优化了糖类衍生物的分离条件。实验采用58.5cm×50μmi.d.毛细管(有效柱长50cm),55mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲溶液(pH9.46),柱温20℃,分离电压22kV,进样10s,在不加任何添加剂的情况下,高效、快速地实现了9种糖的基线分离,并在最优化条件下进行了唐古特白刺实际样品的分离分析,结果令人满意。     

手性拆分中的非环糊精-毛细管区带电泳体系

高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）在手性拆分中的应用近年来受到普遍关注。除最常见ＣＤ－ＣＺＥ体系外,拆分剂为非ＣＤｓ类化合物以及非ＣＺＥ模式的一些拆分体系也非常活跃。本文拟对手性拆分中的非ＣＤ－ＣＺＥ体系做一综述,探讨了各体系的拆分机理,以及各实验条件对拆分结果的影响。     

烟草中糖的毛细管区带电泳分离

 采用高效毛细管电泳 紫外吸收法 (HPCE UV) ,以对氨基苄腈为衍生试剂 ,通过改进缓冲溶液添加剂 ,对烟草中 5种糖的衍生物进行了分离。该法使用 pH 10 5 ,5 0mmol/L硼砂缓冲液 ,其中添加剂含量为甲醇 5 % (体积分数 ,下同 )、乙腈 5 %、乙二醇 2 5 %、异丙醇 2 5 %和十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS) 1mmol/L。测定波长为 2 85nm。     

砷酸根和硒酸根的毛细管电泳分离

在铬酸盐和硼酸盐溶液中,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为电渗流改性剂,通过添加有机添加剂甲醇,成功地分离了砷酸根、硒酸根及常见酸根离子。优化分离条件发现,采用210 nm直接检测砷酸根比在260 nm处间接检测其检出限更低,而且可以减少大量C l-的干扰。迁移时间重复性的相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于3.0%,当信噪比(S/N)为2时,在260 nm处,HAsO42-与SeO42-的检出限分别为0.019 mg/L和0.078mg/L;在210 nm处,HAsO42-检出限可达0.004 3 mg/L。加标回收率均在95%~108%之间,满足定量要求。但NO3-会干扰HAsO42-的定量分析。     

Separation and Migration Behavior of Benzophenones in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

The migration behavior and separation of eight benzophenones selected were investigated by capillary zone electrophoresis in the range of pH 7.5–11.5. The effect of buffer pH, the types of buffer electrolyte, and the concentration of phosphate‐borate buffer on the separation and selectivity of benzophenones selected were examined. Better separability can be obtained with phosphate‐borate buffer than with phosphate buffer or borate buffer at around pH 9.2. Baseline separation of eight benzophenones could be simultaneously and successfully achieved with an appropriate choice of buffer pH and the concentration of phosphate‐borate buffer in capillary zone electrophoresis. The migration order of benzophenones selected could be explained on the basis of the degree of ionization and molecular mass.     

碱性蛋白质毛细管电泳分离研究

碱性蛋白质毛细管电泳分离研究任吉存，邓延倬，程介克（武汉大学化学系分析测试科学系，武汉，４３００７２）关键词毛细管电泳，碱性蛋白质，吸附，精氨酸，赖氨酸蛋白质的吸附作用严重影响了毛细管电泳分离蛋白质的重现性［１］．为此，人们寻找各种途径来克服蛋白质的...     

手性药物的毛细管电泳拆分

以氧氟沙星、扑尔敏、特布它林和普萘洛尔为手性药物,分别采用羟丙基-β环糊精(HP--βCD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精结合羧甲基-β-环糊精(HP--βCD/CM--βCD)作手性拆分试剂,考察环糊精浓度和pH对手性选择性的影响。结果发现环糊精提供手性相互作用,而pH强烈地影响这种相互作用。以HP--βCD/CM-β-CD组成的双环糊精系统能更好地优化手性选择性,而通过调节pH可以获得需要的分离选择性、迁移次序。     

毛细管凝胶电泳分离和检测低聚核苷酸和脱氧核糖核酸的合成产物

本文将毛细管凝胶电泳方法用于低聚核苷酸及ＤＮＡ合成产物的分离检测，并探讨了低聚核苷酸的淌度与其碱基数的关系以及迁移时间和相对迁移时间的重现性。     

毛细管电泳分离氟苯甲酸同系物

建立了毛细管区带电泳分离测定10种氟苯甲酸同系物的方法.考察了缓冲溶液的组成添加剂浓度、酸度及分离电压等因素的影响.选定的分离条件为:分离电压为17 kV,30 mmol/L β-环糊精(β-CD)+22 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲溶液作为电泳缓冲液(pH 8.80),检测波长为214 nm.在上述条件下,10种氟苯甲酸同系物在7.5 min 内可完全分离,检出限为0.8～4.5 mg/L; 峰面积相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.3%～4.3%;回收率为88.9%～102.8%.本方法高效、快速、简便,有望应用于油田示踪剂中氟苯甲酸同系物的分析.     

羟基苯甲酸的3种异构体的毛细管区带电泳分离研究

 采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)为电渗流改性剂 ,考察了邻羟基苯甲酸、间羟基苯甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸在高效毛细管区带电泳模式下的分离行为 ,研究了缓冲液的pH和添加剂甲醇的用量对这 3种同分异构体的分离、峰形和出峰顺序的影响 ,并据此优化了这 3种异构体的分离条件。     

毛细管区带电泳分离西孟坦对映异构体

以β-CD为手性选择剂,采用毛细管区带电泳成功分离了西孟坦对映异构体。考察了背景电解质中硼砂缓冲液的pH和浓度、β-CD浓度、有机添加剂甲醇含量及分离电压对手性分离的影响,建立了毛细管电泳分离西孟坦对映异构体的方法。最佳分离条件为：20mmol／L硼砂缓冲液(pH11．0,含12mmol／Lβ-CD)-甲醇(50：50,V/V);分离电压20kV。在此条件下西孟坦对映异构体可达基线分离。在25～50mg／L范围内,迁移时间的重复性(RSD)控制在1．9％之内,峰面积重复性的RSD小于4．0％,本方法可用于西孟坦对映异构体的手性分离和定量分析。