Extinction Time of a Metapopulation Driven by Colored Correlated Noises

The simplified incidence function model which is driven by the colored correlated noises is employed to investigate the extinction time of a metapopulation perturbed by environments. The approximate Fokker-Planck Equation and the mean first passage time which denotes the extinction time （Tex） are obtained by virtue of the Novikov theorem and the Fox approach. After introducing a noise intensity ratio and a dimensionless parameter R = D /α （D and a are the multiplicative and additive colored noise intensities respectively）, and then performing numerical computations, the results indicate that： （i） The absolute value of correlation strength A and its correlation time τ3 play opposite roles on the Tex; （ii） For the case of 0 〈λ〈 1,α and its correlation time τ2 play opposite roles on the Tex in which R〉 1 is the best condition, and there is one-peak structure on the Tex - D plot; （iii） For the case of-1 〈 λ≤ 0, D and its correlation time τ1 play opposite roles on the Tex in which R 〈 1 is the best condition and there is one-peak structure on the Tex - τ2 plot.     

Stochastic Resonance in a Bacterium Growth System Subjected to Colored Noises

We present the logistic growth model to study the stochastic resonance (SR) in a bacterium growth system under the simultaneous action of two externalmultiplicative cross-correlation noises and periodic external forcing. The expression of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a bacterium growth system is derived by using the theory of SNR in the adiabatic limit. Based on SNR, we discuss the effects of self-correlation time τ₁ and τ₂, cross-correlationtime τ₃ and cross-correlation strength λ on the SNR. It is found that the self-correlation time τ₁ and τ₂, and cross-correlation strength λ enhance the SR of the bacterium growth system, while cross-correlation time τ₃ weakens the SR of the bacterium growth system.     

2-(4-氟代苯甲酰基)苯甲酸-铕配合物的合成、结构表征及荧光性能的研究

以硝酸铕、2-(4-氟代苯甲酰基)苯甲酸(HL)、1,10-菲咯啉(Phen)和三苯基氧膦(TPPO)合成了EuL₃(H₂O)₆,EuL₃Phen(H₂O)₄和EuL₃(TPPO)(H₂O)₅三种固态配合物。用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对配合物进行了组分确定和结构表征。IR表明,2-(4-氟代苯甲酰基)苯甲酸与Eu3+形成配合物后,位于1 692 cm-1处羧基的ν_CO峰消失,2 500～3 200 cm-1处羧基的ν_O—H峰也消失,出现了羧酸盐特有的反对称伸缩振动吸收峰(ν_as(CO-₂))和对称伸缩振动吸收峰(ν_s(CO-₂)),且Δν(ν_as(CO-₂)-ν_s(CO-₂))与钠盐的Δν相近,说明羧酸根与Eu3+以对称双齿桥式配位。在1H NMR中,形成配合物后第一配体苯环上的质子峰变为宽峰且移向高场,Phen和TPPO中质子化学位移移向低场。室温下测定了配合物的荧光激发光谱和发射光谱,激发光谱表明配合物EuL₃(H₂O)₆,EuL₃Phen(H₂O)₄和EuL₃(TPPO)(H₂O)₅的最佳激发波长分别为353.0,355.0和357.0 nm;发射光谱均显示Eu3+离子的特征发射光谱,且表明Phen对Eu3+离子的荧光发射有明显增强作用。     

Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Cu[C(CN)3]2 and Mn[C(CN)3]2 Based on First Principles

The electronic structure and the magnetic properties of the molecule-based ferromagnets Cu[C(CN)₃]₂ and Mn[C(CN)₃]₂ are studied accordingto first principles within density-functional theory (DFT) and the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The total energy, atomic spin magnetic moments, and density of states (DOS) of Cu[C(CN)₃]₂ and Mn[C(CN)₃]₂ are all calculated. The calculations reveal that the compounds have a stable ferromagnetic ground state and half-metallic properties. The total spin magnetic moment is 1.0 μ_B for Cu[C(CN)₃]₂ and 5.0 μ_B for Mn[C(CN)₃]₂ per molecule, the magnetic moment mainly comes from metal atoms, although there is a slight contribution from N and C atoms.     

Tunneling Conductance in dx2-y2+idxy Mixed Wave Superconductor Graphene Junctions

Using the extended Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk formalism, we investigate the conductance spectra of normal metal/d_x²-y²+id_xy mixed wave superconductor graphene junctions. It is found that the conductance spectra vary strongly with the orientation of the gap and the amplitude ratio (Δ₁/Δ₀) of two components for d_x²-y²+id_xy mixed wave. The zero bias conductance isnearly 2 and the conductance peak vanishes in doped graphene forα=0 and Δ₁/Δ₀=1. The conductance increases with increasing the amplitude ratio of two components for α=π/4 and Δ₁/Δ₀=1. The ZBCP becomesobservable wide with 1F/Δ₀<100 for α=π/4 and Δ₁/Δ₀=1. This property is different from that in normal metal/d_x²-y² wave superconductor graphenejunctions.     

对称能研究进展(英文)

总结了目前基于分析地面实验室以及天文观测数据所得到的关于核物质对称能密度相关性的约束。结果表明,在核物质饱和密度ρ0处,关于对称能的大小Esym(ρ0)及其密度梯度参数L的不同具体约束强烈地依赖于不同的实验数据或理论方法。另一方面,所有存在的约束都和Esym(ρ0)=(32.5±2.5)MeV以及L=(55±25)MeV一致。如何确定核物质对称能的高密行为仍然是一个挑战。     

3,4-噻吩二羧酸、1,10-邻菲罗啉与稀土配合物的荧光性质及对硝基苯的检测

3,4-噻吩二羧酸(3,4-H₂tdc),1,10-邻菲罗啉(phen)和稀土硝酸盐经水热法合成三种配合物Ln₂(Htdc)₂(tdc)₂(phen)₂(H₂O)₄(Ln=Eu 1, Gd 2, Tb 3),并用X-射线单晶衍射分析方法测定了配合物1-3晶体结构,配合物1-3为双核分子。每个金属离子周围有2个3,4-tdc,1个3,4-Htdc,1个phen和2个配位水分子,配位数为9。配合物1和3在紫外灯下显强红光和绿光,其荧光发射光谱,在619和545 nm出现最大发射峰,分别对应于Eu(Ⅲ)离子的5D₀→7F₂和Tb(Ⅲ)离子的5D₄→7F₅跃迁。配合物2在425 nm观察到来自基于配体的π*→π最大发射峰。不同溶剂分子对配合物1荧光有不同程度的影响,基于荧光猝灭机理,配合物1具有选择性检测硝基苯污染物的能力。     

Experimentally Determining Bloch Parameters of Hamiltonian for Single-Qubit Systems

By considering the identification problem of unknown but fixed Hamiltonian H = S0σ0 ＋∑i=x,y,z Siσi where σi （i = x, y, z） are pauli matrices and σ0=I, we explore the feasibility and limitation of empirically determining the Hamiltonian parameters for quantum systems under experimental conditions imposed by projective measurements and initialization procedures. It may be unsurprising to physicists that one can not obtain the knowledge of So no matter what kind of projective measurements and initialization are permitted, but the observation draws our attention to the importance of the parameter identifiability under different experimental condition. It has also been revealed that one can obtain the knowledge of ｜Sz｜ and Sx^2＋Sy^2 at most when only the projective measurement {｜0/（0｜, ｜1/（1｜} is permitted to perform on and initialize the qubit. Further more, we demonstrated that it is feasible to distinguish ｜Sx｜, ｜Sy｜, and ｜Sz｜ even without any a priori information about Hamiltonian if at least two kinds of projective measurement or initialization procedures are permitted. It should be emphasized that both projective measurements and initialization procedures play an important role in quantum system identification.     

Spontaneous U（1） Symmetry Breaking in Coupled Bose System

Adding a U(1) symmetry breaking term V^1/2 a(λ₁a₀+λ*₁a^&#8224;₀)+V^1/2(λ₂b₀+λ^*₂b^&#8224;₀) to Bogoliubov's truncated Hamiltonian H_B for a weakly interacting coupled Bose system, by using the mean-field approximation rather than the c-number approximation, we find that, via a Feshbach resonance at zero temperature, the states of the coupled Bose system are generalized SU(1,1) × SU(1,1) coherent states. The Bose-Einsteincondensation occurs in response to the spontaneous U(1) symmetry breaking.     

丙烯腈单体自由基反应及光谱分析的研究

采用密度泛函理论对以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂形成的丙烯腈单体自由基(CH₃)₂(CN)C—CH₂—(CN)CH的终止方式反应机理进行研究。先用B3LYP/6-31G(d)基组对反应物、偶合中间体、过渡态、歧化产物的几何构型进行优化,并计算了各物种经过零点能校正后的总能量,红外频率和电子结构,同时对过渡态结构进行了验证。研究结果表明,反应物先通过自由基的偶合终止方式形成偶合中间体a,再由此经过氢迁移、裂解等机理得到歧化终止产物P[p₁(CH₃)₂(CN)CCHCHCN+p₂(CH₃)₂(CN)C—CH₂—CH₂CN]。双自由基发生偶合和歧化终止反应分别形成偶合中间体a和歧化终止产物P均为放热反应,且偶合产物有着更低的能量。反应过程的速控步骤a→TS→P在常温下的速率常数表示为k(298.15 K)=2.71×10-59。歧化终止反应随着反应温度的升高易于进行,歧化产物所占的比例也增加。通过对反应过程各物种红外谱图的分析,说明自由基在整个终止反应的化学变化,同时分析了HOMO-LUMO电子密度分布的信息,验证丙烯腈双自由基偶合终止方式和各物种结构的准确性。     

卤代苯甲酸铽与1,10-邻菲哕啉三元配合物的合成及性质

以卤代苯甲酸和1,10-邻菲哕啉为配体,合成了9种Tb(Ⅲ)的三元配合物,以EDTA配位滴定分析和元素分析确定了各配合物的组成。通过红外光谱分析对配合物的结构进行了初步表征,在配合物中羧基氧原子和1,10-邻菲啰啉中的氮原子均参与了配位。采用TG-DTG技术对配合物的热稳定性进行了研究,9种配合物均有较好的热稳定性,它们的热稳定性顺序为:Tb(o-ClBA)₃phen>Tb(o-BrBA)₃phen>Tb(p-ClBA)₃phen>Tb(m-BrBA)₃phen·H₂O>Tb(o-FBA)₃phen>Tb(p-BrBA)₃phen>Tb(p-FBA)₃phen>Tb(m-ClBA)₃phen≈Tb(m-FBA)₃phen·H₂O。在同一条件下测得了各配合物固体粉末的激发和发射光谱,结果表明:相同取代基和相同取代位置的各组配合物的两个较强发射峰(⁵D₄-⁷F₆和⁵D₄-⁷F₅)的荧光强度顺序分别为:Tb(o-FBA)₃phen>Tb(p-FBA)₃phen>Tb(m-FBA)₃phen·H₂O,Tb(m-ClBA)₃phen>Tb(p-ClBA)₃phen>Tb (o-ClBA)₃phen,Tb(p-BrBA)₃phen>Tb(o-BrBA)₃phen>Tb(m-BrBA)₃phen·H₂O和Tb(o-FBA)₃phen>Tb (o-BrBA)₃phen>Tb(o-ClBA)₃phen,Tb(m-ClBA)₃phen>Tb(m-FBA)₃phen·H₂O>Tb(m-BrBA)₃phen·H₂O,Tb(p-BrBA)₃phen>Tb(p-ClBA)₃phen>Tb(p-FBA)₃phen[其中o(m,p)-F(Cl,Br)BA为邻(间,对)氟(氯,溴)苯甲酸根,phen为1,10-邻菲哕啉]。     

Contribution of Electromagnetic Field to Atomic Spin

We examine the contribution of electromagnetic field to the atomic spin, by adopting two different, both gauge invariant definitions of the electromagnetic angular momentum: \vec{J}_I ≡ ∫d³ x ε₀ \vec{r} X (\vec{E} X \vec{B}) and \vec{J}_II ≡ ∫d³ x ( ε₀ \vec{E} X \vec{A}^\bot + ε₀ E_i \vec{r} X \vec{\nabla }A^{\bot}_i ). Notably, at the classical level, \vec{J}_II gives an exactly null result while \vec{J}_I gives a finite value. This suggests that \vec{J}_II leads to a simpler and more reasonable picture of the atomic spin, therefore qualifies as a more appropriate definition of the electromagnetic angular momentum. Our observation gives important hint on the delicate issue of gluon contribution to the nucleon spin.     

Stationary properties of a single-mode laser system with non-Gaussian and Gaussian noise

A single-mode laser system with non-Gaussian and Gaussian noise is investigated. The stationary mean value and the normalized variance of the laser intensity are numerically calculated under the condition that the stationary probability distribution function (SPDF) is derived. The SPDF as a function of the laser intensity exhibits a maximum. The maximum becomes smaller with the increase of the correlation intensity or the non-Gaussian parameter, where the later is a measure of the deviation from the Gaussian characteristic. The maximum becomes larger as the correlation time increases. The laser intensity stationary mean value decreases with the increase of the correlation intensity or the non-Gaussian parameter while increases with the correlation time increasing. The laser intensity normalized variance increases with the increase of the correlation intensity or the non-Gaussian parameter while decreases as the correlation time increases.     

黑龙江穆棱地区宝石级石榴石的宝石学及谱学特征

对黑龙江穆棱新生代玄武岩产出的宝石级石榴石进行了宝石学常规测试、电子探针测试、拉曼光谱、红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱测试,以获得该区石榴石的宝石学特征和谱学特征。化学成分分析表明,该区石榴石为镁铝榴石,含有Fe,Ca,Mn,Cr,Ti等杂质元素。其平均晶体结构化学式为 (Mn_0.022Ca_0.455, Fe2+_0.720, Mg_1.793)_∑=2.990(Ti_0.003Cr_0.009Fe3+_0.062Al_1.951)_∑=2.025(SiO₄)₃。拉曼光谱分析表明该区石榴石存在混合相,由石榴石桥氧振动引起的拉曼位移峰反映出该特征。镁铝榴石桥氧弯曲振动拉曼位移峰位于560 cm-1(A₁g模)和641 cm-1(E_g+F₂g模),钙铝榴石和铁铝榴石桥氧弯曲振动E_g+F₂g模形成的拉曼位移峰分别位于507和486 cm-1。官能团区红外光谱显示该区镁铝榴石中不存在分子水,但少数镁铝榴石中存在少量的结构水,它们在3 585,3 566和3 544 cm-1处形成阶梯状的弱小吸收峰。该区镁铝榴石多为褐红色,其颜色由杂质离子Cr3+,Fe3+,Mn2+产生。紫外-可见吸收光谱显示,Fe3+的电子跃迁致570,521和502 nm吸收峰,Mn2+的电子跃迁致460和430 nm吸收峰,Cr3+电子跃迁致690和367 nm吸收峰。     

氮肥施用量和形态对玉米苗期叶绿素含量的影响

氮肥的施用量和形态对植物的影响很大。实验借助于一种新型光谱仪SPAD-502叶绿素仪,研究了不同氮肥水平和氮肥形态对苗期玉米叶片叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,每公顷施用0,100和200 kgN时,SPAD值在43.3～43.7之间,差异不显著;每公顷施用400 kgN时最后一片展开叶的叶绿素含量显著高于对照和每公顷施用100和200 kgN的处理,估计可能与肥料中其他成分有关,但原因尚需进一步研究。通过不同形态氮肥试验,表明氨态氮处理的叶片叶绿素含量显著高于硝态氮处理,可能的原因是: (1)氨态氮易于吸收,施用初期效果快;(2)氨态氮中微量元素比较高。     

Kinetic Behaviors of Catalysis-Driven Growth of Three-Species Aggregates on Base of Exchange-Driven Aggregations

We propose a solvable aggregation model to mimic the evolution of population A, asset B, and the quantifiable resource C in a society. In this system, the population and asset aggregates themselves grow through selfexchanges with the rate kernels Kl（k,j） = K1kj and K2（h,j） = K2kj, respectively. The actions of the population and asset aggregations on the aggregation evolution of resource aggregates are described by the population-catalyzed monomer death of resource aggregates and asset-catalyzed monomer birth of resource aggregates with the rate kerne/s J1（k,j）=J1k and J2（k,j） = J2k, respectively. Meanwhile, the asset and resource aggregates conjunctly catalyze the monomer birth of population aggregates with the rate kernel I1 （k,i,j） = I1ki^μjη, and population and resource aggregates conjunctly catalyze the monomer birth of asset aggregates with the rate kernel /2（k, i, j） = I2ki^νj^η. The kinetic behaviors of species A, B, and C are investigated by means of the mean-field rate equation approach. The effects of the population-catalyzed death and asset-catalyzed birth on the evolution of resource aggregates based on the self-exchanges of population and asset appear in effective forms. The coefficients of the effective population-catalyzed death and the asset-catalyzed birth are expressed as J1e = J1/K1 and J2e= J2/K2, respectively. The aggregate size distribution of C species is found to be crucially dominated by the competition between the effective death and the effective birth. It satisfies the conventional scaling form, generalized scaling form, and modified scaling form in the cases of J1e〈J2e, J1e=J2e, and J1e〉J2e, respectively. Meanwhile, we also find the aggregate size distributions of populations and assets both fall into two distinct categories for different parameters μ,ν, and η： （i） When μ=ν=η=0 and μ=ν=η=1, the population and asset aggregates obey the generalized scaling forms; and （ii） When μ=ν=1,η=0, and μ=ν=η=1, the population and asset aggregates experience gelation transitions at finite times and the scaling forms break down.     

三价铕荧光络合物与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮复合物研究

为研究稀土荧光络合物与高分子形成的复合物的结构与发光性能间的关系,利用α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮（TTA）和三苯基氧化膦（TPPO）与氯化铕（EuCl₃）分别制备了Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O和Eu(TTA)₃·(TPPO)₂络合物,及其与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的复合物。采用荧光光谱,红外光谱和透射电镜等方法对复合物进行了表征。荧光光谱测定结果表明Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O与PVP K30结构单元摩尔比为1∶35的PVP/Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O复合物的612　nm发射峰的荧光强度较Eu(TTA)₃·2H₂O络合物有显著提高。红外光谱研究表明络合物的Eu3+与PVP分子的羰基之间存在着明显的配位作用,并且存在多种配位方式。透射电镜观察结果表明复合物具有微相分离结构,其中的稀土络合物为无定形结构,这进一步表明PVP与络合物分子间存在相互作用。     

Effect of time delay in FitzHugh-Nagumo neural model with correlations between multiplicative and additive noises

We study the effect of time delay in the FitzHugh-Nagumo neural model with correlations between multiplicative and additive noise terms. Based on the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, the explicit expressions of the stationary probability distribution function (SPDF), the mean first passage time (MFPT) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are obtained, respectively. Research results show that: (i) the system undergoes a succession of two phase transitions (i.e., the reentrance phenomenon) as the noise correlation parameter is increased and a (single) phase transition as the time delay is increased. (ii) The MFPT as a function of the multiplicative noise intensity exhibits a maximum. This maximum for MFPT identifies the noise enhanced stability (NES) effect, the noise correlation parameter intensifies the NES effect while the time delay, and the additive noise intensity weakens it. (iii) The existence of a maximum in the SNR as a function of the multiplicative noise intensity is the identifying characteristic of the stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon, the noise correlation parameter enhances the SR while the time delay, and the additive noise intensity weaken it.     

镁合金阳极氧化膜腐蚀特性的红外显微成像分析

采用显微红外成像技术对镁合金阳极氧化膜表面的腐蚀特性进行了研究。镁合金在7.3 Wt% Na₂SO₄溶液中浸泡后,表面氧化层中的部分MgO逐渐转化为Mg(OH)₂,进而发生溶解和脱落,使得镁合金失去保护作用。当浸泡时间达到2 h时,显微红外成像结果表明阳极氧化膜中Mg(OH)₂的红外吸收信号最强,Mg(OH)₂的含量最多。而4 h后Mg(OH)₂的红外吸收信号开始减弱,Mg(OH)₂开始减少,镁合金不断被腐蚀。氧化膜中另一成分Al₂O₃随浸泡时间的显微红外成像信息与Mg(OH)₂的变化规律相同。采用电化学阻抗谱技术对阳极氧化膜的阻抗进行测试,其阻抗随时间的变化特点基本符合氧化膜腐蚀规律。本研究对于镁合金阳极氧化膜的表征具有很好的指导作用和推广应用价值。     

1,8-萘酰亚胺类衍生物的结构特性对其吸收和发射光谱影响的密度泛函研究

利用B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法优化了一系列N取代1,8-萘酰亚胺类物质的结构,利用含时密度泛函TD-B3LYP/6-31+G(d)方法及C-PCM模式,计算了它们在气相及二氯甲烷溶剂中的吸收和发射光谱。利用计算得出的前线轨道电子云分布及其对应的能级对它们的取代基对电子吸收光谱的影响进行了讨论。结果表明：此种方法计算出的二氯甲烷溶剂中的1,8-萘酰亚胺的吸收光谱与实验光谱比较吻和。取代CO基团的CN基团及其成环在吸收光谱和发射光谱中发挥了重要的作用。酰亚胺结构上的改性即CN基团的引入及在萘环上取代基一方面引入了结构上的不对称性,导致了衍生物的偶极矩的增大;同时结构上的改性扩展了萘酰亚胺共轭结构。4位取代NO₂衍生物从基态到第一激发态的Mulliken原子电荷比5位多一些,这意味着5位取代NO₂衍生物提供了较多的电子。对N(Ph)₂ 和N(Me)₂衍生物而言,他们4位取代衍生物提供了更多的电荷。前线轨道电子云表明：OCNCN基团改性扩展和N(Me)₂, N(Ph)₂和NO₂取代基拓展了这类分子的π—π*跃迁范围,从而使得前线轨道能级差降低,它们的吸收和发射光谱也发生了一定程度的红移。对给体取代基而言,它们的4位是电子传输态;对受体取代基NO₂而言,它们的5位是电荷传输态。当NO₂基团与CO基团在同一侧及当N(Me)₂和N(Ph)₂与在CN在同一侧时,此类化合物具有较好的传导特性。从化合物1到4,吸收光谱红移了139 nm。电荷传输越明显,吸收光谱红移的就越多。OCNCO的结构改性及其电荷传输机理为今后的萘酰亚胺类物质的分子设计提供了设计理论依据。