Controllable synthesis of functionalized CdS nanocrystals and CdS/PMMA nanocomposite hybrids

We reported controllable synthesis of CdS nanocrystal-polymer transparent hybrids by using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a polymer matrix. In a typical run, the appropriate amounts of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) and sodium sulfide (Na₂S) in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) as the organic ligand are well dispersed in H₂O/DMF solution without any aggregation. From a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a computing method of Brus’s model according UV-vis absorption spectra, the particle size of as-prepared hydroxyl-coated CdS nanocrystal was determined to be about 5 nm. Then, with the surface treatment with methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), CdS-PMMA hybrids were obtained via free radical polymerization in situ. FT-IR characterization indicates the formation of robust bonding between CdS nanocrystals and the organic ligand and the formation of double-bond functional CdS nanocrystals. The TGA measurement displays CdS-PMMA hybrids possess better thermal stability compared with pure PMMA polymer. The fluorescence measurement shows that CdS nanocrystals and CdS-PMMA hybrids exhibit good optical properties. Also, the luminescent photographs taken under ultraviolet light prove the luminescence properties.     

Microwave-assisted architectural control fabrication of 3D CdS structures

A facile microwave-assisted solvothermal method was developed for the controlled synthesis of novel 3D CdS structures. Dendrite-, star-, popcorn- and hollow sphere-like CdS structures could be obtained by changing the reaction conditions including the reaction temperature and the amounts of reagents and solvents. The products were examined by using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Results revealed that the final structures were related to the solvent properties such as surface tension and viscosity. The degree of supersaturation is also responsible for the morphology variation and it can be adjusted by the reaction temperature. The CdS products with different morphologies exhibited interesting shape-dependent optical properties and photocatalytic activities.     

3D dahlia-like NiAl-LDH/CdS heterosystem coordinating with 2D/2D interface for efficient and selective conversion of CO2

Developing photocatalyst with high activity,superior stability and prominent selectivity for CO₂ conversion is of great importance for the target of carbon neutralization.Herein,3 D dahlia-like NiAl-LDH/CdS heterosystem is developed through in-situ decoration of exfoliated CdS nanosheets on the scaffold of NiAl-LDH and the on-spot self-assembly.The formation of a hierarchical architecture collaborating with well-defined 2 D/2 D interfacial interaction is constructed by optimizing the ...     

Synthesis of nanocrystal-polymer transparent hybrids via polyurethane matrix grafted onto functionalized CdS nanocrystals

We reported the first synthesis of CdS nanocrystal-polymer transparent hybrids by using polyurethane (PU) grafted onto quantum dots (QDs) CdS nanocrystals. In a typical run, the appropriate amounts of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and sodium sulfide (Na2S) in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) as the organic ligand are well dispersed in H2O/DMF solution without any aggregation. From a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a computing method of Brus's model according to UV-vis absorption spectra, the particle size of as-prepared hydroxyl-coated CdS nanocrystals is about 5 nm. Then, PU-CdS transparent nanocomposites hybrids were synthesized by a two-step reaction. The effect of the different ratios of ME/Cd2+ and H2O/DMF on the resulting particle size of CdS nanocrystals was investigated by UV-vis absorption measurements. FT-IR and TGA characterizations indicate the formation of robust bonding between CdS nanocrystals and the organic ligand. The fluorescence measurement shows that CdS-PU hybrids exhibit good optical properties.     

LSPR增强0D/2DCdS/MoO3-xS型异质结的构建及其可见光光催化活性研究

近年来,等离子体半导体光催化剂因其具有从可见光到近红外光的光响应而引起了人们极大的研究兴趣.含有丰富氧空位的非化学计量的氧化钼(MoO3-x)具有中心位于700 nm和尾部吸收拓展至2000 nm强的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)效应,因此,MoO3-x或将成为实现全光谱响应光催化制氢技术最有吸引力的候选材料之一.然而,单一MoO3-x中电荷载流子的复合快速.具有II型、Z型或S型异质结构的MoO3-x基复合光催化剂的构建被证明是同时实现拓展光吸收和分离光生载流子改善光催化析氢性能的有效策略.与传统的Ⅱ型异质结构相比,Z型或S型可在较高还原电位上进行水分解反应,又可以实现光生载流子的有效分离.相比于Z型,S型由于内部电场导致的半导体的能带玩去可以进一步缩短电子与空穴之间的迁移距离,从而导致光诱导载流子的更快分离.基于此,本文选择了与MoO3-x能带匹配的CdS半导体催化剂,通过简单的共沉淀法在具有LSPR效应的二维(2D)MoO3-x椭圆纳米片上生长零维(0D)CdS纳米粒子,制备了LSPR增强的0D/2D CdS/MoO3-xS型异质结.由于MoO3-x的引入,0D/2D CdS/MoO3-x复合材料展现出了一个因LSPR效应而具有的从600到1400 nm的尾部吸收,并且这种尾部吸收强度随着复合材料中MoO3-x含量的增加而增加.在可见光光催化反应中,CdS/MoO3-x复合材料的产氢速率为7.44 mmol·g^-1·h^-1,为单一CdS的10.3倍.当采用不同波段的单色光作为激发光源,在420,450和550 nm单色光的照射下,CdS/MoO3-x复合材料的产氢效率为15.7,10.9和193.4 mmol·g^-1,分别比CdS高6.8,5.0和3倍.当激发波长拓展至650 nm时,CdS/MoO3-x复合材料的产氢效率为6.83 mmol·g^-1,而CdS则不具有产氢活性,侧面体现了MoO3-x的LSPR效应在提升光解水产氢活性方向的有效作用.我们利用肖特基和固体紫外测试确定了CdS和MoO3-x的能带结构,并通过第一原理密度泛函理论模拟计算了CdS和MoO3-x的功函数,分别为4.07和7.56 eV,当这两个半导体接触时,MoO3-x的费米能级比CdS的更负,电子将从CdS迁移到MoO3-x,因此CdS和MoO3-x的能带将分别向上和向下弯曲,直到其费米能级达到平衡.这种向上和向下的带弯曲是S型结构的特征之一.XPS分析也证实在带正电荷的CdS和带负电荷的MoO3-x之间会产生内部电场,这也符合S型结构.此外,还利用电子自旋共振(ESR)进一步研究了CdS,MoO3-x和CdS/MoO3-x在光照下自由基的产生情况,CdS/MoO3-x产生的DMPO-·O2?和DMPO-·OH信号强度均强于CdS和MoO3-x,证明CdS/MoO3-x能产生更多的·O2?和·OH自由基.ESR结果还表明,在CdS/MoO3-x复合材料中光诱导电子和空穴仍然分别停留在CdS的导带和MoO3-x的价带中,CdS/MoO3-x复合材料的光诱导电荷分离机制将遵循S型机制,而不是传统的II型异质结.在光照下,内部电场和弯曲能带促使积聚在MoO3-x导带上的电子与CdS的空穴结合,在CdS的导带上留下具有较强氧化还原能力的电子参与光催化水还原反应,实现高效的光催化产氢.     

Recombination dynamics of CdTe/CdS core-shell nanocrystals

The recombination dynamics of zinc-blende-type, deep-red emitting CdTe/CdS core-shell nanocrystals is studied over a wide temperature range. Two characteristic decay regimes are found: a temperature-dependent decay component of a few nanoseconds and a long-living temperature-independent component of approximately 315 ns. The average decay time of the exciton states changes from 20 to 5ns when the temperature is increased from 15 to 295 K. At low temperatures, the observed decay behavior is assigned to thermally induced population and decay of the allowed exchange-split exciton states. At temperatures above T>100 K, nonradiative decay channels involving phonons start to contribute to the exciton recombination. The observed broad distribution in decay times, monitored by stretched exponential fitting functions, we explain by variations in the electron-hole overlap caused by a partly incomplete CdTe/CdS core-shell structure and the nearly energy-degenerated bright and dark state superposition.     

铥、镱共掺杂纳米二氧化钛/硫化镉光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出稀土离子Tm3+和Yb3+共掺杂的纳米TiO2/CdS复合光催化剂,采用XRD、UV-Vis吸收光谱、TEM及上转换发光光谱等对其结构和光学特性进行了表征,以染料甲基橙为降解模型,系统地讨论了溶液的pH值、催化剂投加量、溶液初始浓度、光照强度等对复合催化剂光催化性能的影响,并对光催化降解动力学进行了分析.     

水溶性CdSe/CdS纳米晶合成条件的优化研究

以巯基乙醇为修饰剂,在水溶液中合成了稳定的CdSe/CdS纳米晶,应用单因素法和多目标单纯形法探索合成条件。通过透射电镜观察所合成的纳米晶的形貌和大小,用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对其光学特性进行了表征。并且以L-色氨酸荧光量子产率0.14为标准,测量了合成的CdSe/CdS纳米晶的荧光量子产率为0.37。     

Radial-position-controlled doping in CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals

In this paper, we report a new doping approach using a three-step synthesis to make high-quality Mn-doped CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals. This approach allows precise control of the Mn radial position and doping level in the core/shell nanocrystals. On the basis of this synthetic advance, we have demonstrated the first example in which optical properties of Mn-doped nanocrystals strongly depend on Mn radial positions inside the nanocrystals. In addition, we have synthesized nanocrystals with a room-temperature Mn-emission quantum yield of 56%, which is nearly twice as high as that of the best Mn-doped nanocrystals reported previously. Nanocrystals with such a high-emission quantum yield are very important to applications such as nanocrystal-based biomedical diagnosis.     

Up/downconversion luminescence rare-earth ion-doped Y2O3 1D nanocrystals

Multicolor luminescent rare-earth ion-doped Y2O3 nanocrystals(NCs) were prepared by a solvethermal method.The as-synthesized NCs yielded nanosheets,nanowires(NWs) and nanorods(NRs) with the increase of alkali(NaOH) in oleic acid system.Moreover,Y2O3 nanowires with controllable size have also been obtained.After sintering,the PL intensity of Y2O3:Ln 3+ nanocrystals increased with the changed morphology of the precursor,that is,Y(OH) 3 nanocrystals.Both downconversion(red emission for Y2O3:Eu 3+ and green emission for Y2O3:Tb 3+) and upconversion(red emission for Y2O3:Yb/Er 3+) luminescence of the as-prepared nanocrystals have been demonstrated in this work.We also found that the PL intensity of Y2O3:Ln 3+ NCs dispersed in polar solvent was stronger than that in nonpolar solvent.Their up/downconversion fluorescence and controllable morphology might promise further fundamental research and biochemistry such as nanoscale optoelectronics,nanolasers,and ultrasensitive multicolor biolables.     

Synthesis of functionalized CdTe/CdS QDs for spectrofluorimetric detection of BSA

Luminescent quantum dots (QDs)-semiconductor nanocrystals are a promising alternative to organic dyes for fluorescence-based applications. We have developed procedures to use CdS to encapsulate CdTe and synthesize a new kind of functionalized CdTe/CdS QDs for the quantitative and selective determination of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Maximum fluorescence intensity was produced at pH 6.83, with excitation and emission wavelengths at 336 and 524 nm, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the straight line equation: DeltaF=6.84+62.29C (10(-6) mol dm(-3)) was found between the relative fluorescence intensity and the concentration of BSA in the range of 0-1.2 x 10(-6) mol dm(-3), and the limit of detection was 5.4 x 10(-8) mol dm(-3). Based on this approach, a novel quantitative method for the determination of BSA is presented in this paper.     

On doping CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals with Mn

This paper presents a mechanistic study on the doping of CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals with Mn based on a three-step synthesis, which includes host-particle synthesis, Mn-dopant growth, and ZnS-shell growth. We used a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP) to monitor Mn-doping level and growth yield during doping synthesis at both the dopant-growth and ZnS-shell-growth steps. First, our kinetic study shows that Mn adsorption onto the nanocrystal surface includes the formation of weakly and strongly bound Mn. The formation of weakly bound Mn is associated with a chemical equilibrium between adsorbed Mn species on the nanocrystal surface and free Mn species in growth solution, while the formation of strongly bound Mn exhibits first-order kinetics with an activation-energy barrier of 211 +/- 13 kJ/mol. Second, our results demonstrate that both weakly and strongly bound Mn can be removed from the surface of nanocrystals during ZnS-shell growth. The replacement of strongly bound Mn requires a higher temperature than that of weakly bound Mn. The yield of the replacement of strongly bound Mn is strongly dependent on the temperature of ZnS-shell growth. Third, our results show that the Mn-growth yield is not dependent on the size and crystal structure of nanocrystals. All together, these results suggest a mechanism in which nanocrystal doping is determined by the chemical kinetics of three activation-controlled processes: dopant adsorption, replacement, and ZnS-shell growth.     

Steady-state photoinduced absorption of CdSe/CdS octapod shaped nanocrystals

Colloidal branched nanocrystals have been attracting increasing attention due to evidence of an interesting relationship between their complex shape and charge carrier dynamics. Herein, continuous wave photoinduced absorption (CW PIA) measurements of CdSe/CdS octapod-shaped nanocrystals are reported. CW PIA spectra show strong bleaching due to the one-dimensional (1D) CdS pod states (480 nm) and the zero-dimensional (0D) CdSe core states (690 nm). The agreement with previously reported ultrafast pump-probe experiments indicates that this strong bleaching signal may be assigned to state filling. Additional bleaching features at 520 and 560 nm are characterized by a longer lifetime and are thus ascribed to defect states, localized at the pod-core interface of the octapod, showing that some of the initially photogenerated carriers get quickly trapped into these long-lived defect states. However, we remark that a relevant part of electrons remain untrapped: this opens up the opportunity to exploit octapod shaped nanocrystals in photovoltaics applications, as electron acceptor materials, considering that several efficient hole extracting materials are already available for the realization of a composite bulk heterojunction.     

CsPbBr3–CdS heterostructure: stabilizing perovskite nanocrystals for photocatalysis

The instability of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr₃) nanocrystals (NCs) in polar solvents has hampered their use in photocatalysis. We have now succeeded in synthesizing CsPbBr₃–CdS heterostructures with improved stability and photocatalytic performance. While the CdS deposition provides solvent stability, the parent CsPbBr₃ in the heterostructure harvests photons to generate charge carriers. This heterostructure exhibits longer emission lifetime (τ_ave = 47 ns) than pristine CsPbBr₃ (τ_ave = 7 ns), indicating passivation of surface defects. We employed ethyl viologen (EV²⁺) as a probe molecule to elucidate excited state interactions and interfacial electron transfer of CsPbBr₃–CdS NCs in toluene/ethanol mixed solvent. The electron transfer rate constant as obtained from transient absorption spectroscopy was 9.5 × 10¹⁰ s⁻¹ and the quantum efficiency of ethyl viologen reduction (Φ_EV⁺˙) was found to be 8.4% under visible light excitation. The Fermi level equilibration between CsPbBr₃–CdS and EV²⁺/EV⁺˙ redox couple has allowed us to estimate the apparent conduction band energy of the heterostructure as −0.365 V vs. NHE. The insights into effective utilization of perovskite nanocrystals built around a quasi-type II heterostructures pave the way towards effective utilization in photocatalytic reduction and oxidation processes.

The insights into effective utilization of perovskite nanocrystals built around a CsPbBr₃–CdS heterostructure pave the way towards their utilization in photocatalytic reduction and oxidation processes.     

Visible light-driven CO2 reduction by enzyme coupled CdS nanocrystals

Assemblies of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase molecules with CdS nanocrystals show fast CO(2) reduction driven by visible light. Activity is strongly influenced by size and shape of nanocrystals, and by the nature of the electron donor.     

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence and electrochemical bi-functional sensors for H2O2 based on CdS nanocrystals/hemoglobin multilayers

A novel bi-functional sensor, based on CdS nanocrystals (NCs) and hemoglobin (Hb) multilayer films, designated as {Hb/CdS}_n, modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, has been presented. The electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) and electrochemical properties of {Hb/CdS}_n have been investigated in detail. Hb in the multilayer films can enhance the stability of electrogenerated species of CdS NCs, and CdS NCs can also promote the direct electron transfer between Hb and GCE. As a consequence experimentally, the multilayer films modified GCE is suitable to be used as a bi-functional sensor, ECL sensor and electrochemical sensor, to determine H₂O₂ in obviously different concentration. In high concentration of H₂O₂, this sensor as an ECL sensor shows a linear response from 15 μM up to 18 mM. In the lower concentration of H₂O₂, it as an amperometric one shows two linear ranges of amperometric responses to the concentration of H₂O₂ ranging from 6.0 to 31.0 μM and from 6.0 μM down to 40 nM with a detection limit of 20 nM, based on the high stability of ECL by {Hb/CdS}_n and the excellent electrocatalytical ability of Hb to H₂O₂. Thus, {CdS/Hb}_n modified electrodes would have a great merit to expand the application of biosensors to life science and environmental science.     

表面修饰CdS和(CdS)ZnS纳米晶的性能研究

在水相中合成了CdS纳米微粒,以ZnS对其进行表面修饰,得到具有核壳结构的(CdS)ZnS水溶性纳米晶。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)表征其粒度和形貌,紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV)、荧光光谱表征其光学特性。制得的CdS近似呈球形,直径为8nm;CdS纳米颗粒表面经ZnS修饰后,其荧光发射峰强度显著增强,表面态发射减弱。     

Pyrene-benzothiadiazole-based Polymer/CdS 2D/2D Organic/Inorganic Hybrid S-scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

Nowadays, conjugated polymers have garnered numerous attention as a new class of organic photocatalysts due to their tunable electronic properties, low cost, excellent stability and sufficient light-absorption performance. In particular, pyrene-benzothiadiazolebased conjugated polymer（PBBP） has been considered to be a new type of conjugated polymers for photocatalytic H₂ evolution. However, the poor charge separation seriously limits its practical application in H₂ evolutio...     

Sonication treatment of CdTe/CdS semiconductor nanocrystals and their bio-application

Ultrasonic irradiation of core/shell structures was shown to lead to low toxicity and high quantum yields relative to thermal methods for bio-application.