MODIFICATION OF EPOXY RESINS WITH PHENOLIC HYDROXYL-TERMINATED POLYSILOXANE

Phenolic hydroxyl-terminated polysiloxanes were incorporated into epoxy resins to reducethe internal stress owing to the mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).Polysiloxane-epoxy resin block copolymers were made by a pre-reaction step prior to thecuring. In the cured resin, the domain size of the polysiloxane phase depended on thestructure of the phenolic hydroxyl-terminated polysiloxane. It was found that the modulus ofthe cured resin depended largely on the level of the modifier, while the CTE was affectedgreatly by the structure of the polysiloxane. By means of incorporating a few percent ofmethylphenylsiloxane unit into the polydimethylsiloxane chain, or by introducing morecompatible end-capping groups, the compounds of more effective low stress modifiers weresynthesized.     

SYNTHESIS OF NEW DIAZA-CROWN ETHERS WITH INWARD-FACING PHENOLIC GROUPS

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PRZEWALSKINIC ACID A,A NEW PHENOLIC ACID FROM SALVIA PRZEWALSKII MAXIM

From the root of Salvia przewalskii Maxim.a new phenolic acid,przewalskinic acid A was isolated and the structure was established by theanalysis of~(13)C-NMR,~1H-NMR and two-dimensional COSY experiments.     

THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF ADSORPTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY A WATER-COMPATIBLE HYPERCROSSLINKED POLYMERIC ADSORBENT

Equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions by a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (NJ-8) within temperature range of 283-323 K were obtained and correlated with a Freundlich-type of isotherm equation, so that equilibrium constants KF and n were obtained. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all the four phenolic compounds on the NJ-8 from aqueous solutions are around 2 times as high as those of Amberlite XAD-4, which may be attributed to the unusual micropore structure and the partial polarity on the network. The values of the enthalpy (always negative) are indicative of an exothermic process, which manifests the adsorption of all the four phenolic compounds on the two polymeric adsorbents to be a process of physical adsorption. The negative values of free energy change show that the solute is more concentrated on the adsorbent than in the bulk solution. The absolute free energy values of adsorption for NJ-8 are always higher than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which indicates that phenolic compounds are preferentially adsorbed on NJ-8. The negative values of the adsorption entropy are consistent with the restricted mobilities of adsorbed molecules of phenolic compounds as compared with the molecules in solution. The adsorption entropy values of phenolic compounds for NJ-8 are lower than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which means the micropores of NJ-8 require more orderly arranged adsorbate.     

STUDY ON THE OXIDIZED GRAPHITE MATERIAL COATED WITH N-DOPED PHENOLIC RESIN FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES

Carbon-coated oxidized graphite has been prepared by a liquid-state deposition method. Oxidized graphite wasprepared by wet chemical oxidation. Oxidation increases the reversible capacity of graphite, but its initial charge anddischarge efficiency was reduced. Phenolic resin was applied to form the disordered carbon layer on the oxidized graphite.The efficiency and reversible charge capacity were obviously increased. The morphology of carbon materials wasinvestigated by SEM.     

ADSORPTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ONTO THE SPHERICAL MACROPOROUS ADSORBENT BASED ON UREA-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSED POLYMER

INTRODUCTIONAdsorption separation process may be advantageous compared to the conventionally usedmethod based on organic solvent extraction due to its low energy consumption, convenientoperation and high concentrating ability [11. Currently, however, the ability of the commerciallyavailable adsorbentS to selectively adsorb one solute or even families of compounds with similarchemical structUre from a complex system such as the extraction solUtion of Chinese herbalmedicines is limited and…     

ADSORPTION OF 2,4-DICHLOROBENZOXYACETIC ACID ONTO HYPERCROSSLINKED RESIN MODIFIED BY PHENOLIC HYDROXYL GROUP (AM-1)

INTRODUCTIONAdsorption has been considered to be the best available technology for removing organics from water in the USSafe Drinking Water Act[1]. Due to many drawbacks of activated carbon[2-7], the most widely used adsorbent,hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents developed by Tsyurupa and Davankov[8] have been increasingly viewedas an alternative to activated carbon for selective removal of specific organic substances from contaminatedwater[9-12], and series of researches have been do…     

ADSORPTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ONTO THE SPHERICAL MACROPOROUS ADSORBENT BASED ON UREA—FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSED POLYMER

Adsorption of phenol,catechol and resorcinol,which vary in their ability to interact with the adsorbent through hydrogen bond,were used to investigate the adsorption mechanistic interaction.The adsorption enthalpies of the above mentioned compound onto the adsorbent were calculated and thermodynamic analysis was carried out.The results showed the adsorbent with the lowest adsorption enthalpies for the sorbate such as catechol with intermolecular hydrogen bond also display the lowest adsorption affinity.On the other hand,the more of the groups available for hydrogen bond interaction,the higher of the adsorption affinity.These observations support the contention that phenol adsorption is driven predominantly by specific interaction of the solute with active sites on the surface of the adsorbent.     

PREPARATION AND PHOTOSENSITIVITY OF WATER SOLUBLE PHENOLIC RESINS CONTAINING ACRYLOYL AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM CHLORIDE GROUPS

New water soluble and photocrosslinkable prepolymers colltaining acrylate and quaternary ammonium salt groupswere synthesized from epoxy phenolic resin via ring-opening reaction with acrylic acid and with aqueous solution oftriethylamine hydrochloride successively. The second reaction needs no phase transfer catalyst to accelerate, since theproduct formed can act as a phase transfer catalyst. The prepolymer obtained contains both photocrosslinkable acrylategroups and hydrophilic quaternary ammonium salt groups. Optimum conditions for these reactions were studied. Thephotosensitivity of the prepolymer was also investigated. The effects of different photoinitiators, different crosslinkablediluent monomers and amine accelerator on the photosensitivity of the prepolymer were compared. The photoinitiator ofhydrogen abstraction type is still effective without using amine or alcohol as accelerator, because the prepolymer containsα H beside the OH groups formed in the ring-opening reactions     

A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF AZACROWN ETHERS WITH INTRAANNULAR PHENOLIC GROUPS IN A TWO－PHASE SYSTEM

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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HOMOBINUCLEAR MACROCYCLIC COMPLEXES OF RARE EARTH METAL ISOTHIOCYANATE AND PHENOLIC SCHIFF BASES

Eleven homobinuclear macrocyclic rare earth metal ions complexes are obtained as com-pounds of 2:2 Schiff base formed by condensing 2,6-diformyl-4-tert-Butylphenol and triethy-lenetetramine by a template procedure using rare earth metal isothiocyanates. These complexesare characterized by elemental analyses, FABMS, IR, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility.The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility (4--300K) of complexes of Gd(Ⅲ) and Tb(Ⅲ) has been determined. A satisfactory fit to theoretical curve derived from spin Hamil-tonian operator was obtained by least squares method. The exchange interaction parameters areJ =-0.220 cm~(-1) for Gd, ,ZJ~?=-0.052 cm~(-1) for Tb. The results indicate a very weak anti-ferromagnetic interaction between Gd~(3+)-Gd~(3+), Tb~(3+)-Tb~(3+) ions.     

STUDY ON THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ADSORPTION OF ETHYL BENZOATE AND DIETHYL PHTHALATE BY PHENOLIC RESIN ADSORBENTS

This paper presents experimental observations on the adsorption of individual solutes by a simple thermodynamic framework, and the equilibrium adsorption of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate on phenolic resin adsorbent in hexane solutions within the temperature range of 293-313 K. The experimental results show that the Freundlich adsorption law is applicable to the adsorption of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate on the adsorbent, since all the correlative factors R‘are larger than 0.99. The negative values of all the isosteric adsorption enthalpies for ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate indicate that they undergo exothermic processes, while their magnitudes (19-28 kJ/mol) manifest a hydrogen bonding sorption process. Other thermodynamic properties: the free energy changes and the entropy change associated with the adsorption have been calculated from the Gibbs adsorption equation and the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation.     

SPECTRAL STUDY ON A NEW 3d_z~2 TYPE COPPER(Ⅱ)COMPLEX OF PHENOLIC POLYMERIC CROWN ETHER

ESR and IR measurements have been carried out for a copper(Ⅱ)complex ofphenolic polymeric crown ether,As a result,the triplet ESR spectrum(S=1)of 3d_z2ground state copper(Ⅱ)ions was first observed for the powder sample.It indicatedthat there existed intramolecular spin-spin interaction betweeen 3d_Z2 groundstate copper(Ⅱ)and copper(Ⅱ)ions.In this binuclear triplet cluster,the axialligntion of one water molecule in a sandwich position to two adjacent copper(Ⅱ)ions was also confirmed by IR spectra,All things considered,a possible structurefor the complex was proposed.     

NOVEL HYPERBRANCHED POLY（PHENYLENE OXIDE）S WITH PHENOLIC TERMINAL GROUPS： EFFECTS OF REACTION TIME AND CORE MOLECULES ON THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND POLYDISPERSITY

A novel hyperbranched poly（phenylene oxide） （HPPO） with phenolic terminal groups was prepared from 4-bromo-4＇,4＂-dihydroxytriphenylmethane as AB2 monomer in dimethylsulfoxide （DMSO） via a modified Ullmann reaction. The molecular weight and polydispersity （PD） of the resulting polymers increased with increasing reaction time. In the presence of core molecules （bisphenol A and 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene）, which have the similar molecular backbones to the reactive monomer, the molecular weight could be controlled by varying the core-to-monomer ratio. Incorporation of a very small amount of core molecules could lead to a higher molecular weight as compared with that without the addition of core molecules. However, when the core content reached certain extent, the molecular weight would decrease with the further increase in the core content. A new similar behavior of control over the PD was also obtained. The resulting polymers were characterized by ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, FT-IR, and GPC.     

等浓度的氯化铵和硫酸铵溶液哪个pH高

有中学化学参考资料题:0.10 mol/L的NH4Cl和(NH4)2SO4溶液哪个pH值高?这似乎是个中学生可做的简单题目,仔细考虑不是如此.如果简单地认为盐酸和硫酸都是强酸,而硫酸是二元酸,硫酸铵溶液中铵盐浓度为0.20 mol/L,那么NH4Cl溶液pH高,那是不妥的.硫酸是二元酸,第一个氢离子能完全电离,第二个氢离子部分电离,如此考虑情况怎么样呢?是不是答案发生变化?这要通过计算来说明.     

Enhanced efficiency and stability in Sn-based perovskite solar cells with secondary crystallization growth

The conversion efficiencies reported for Tin(Sn)halide-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)fall a large gap behind those of lead halide-based PSCs,mainly because of poor film quality of the former.Here we report an efficient strategy based on a simple secondary crystallization growth(SCG)technique to improve film quality for tin halide-based PSCs by applying a series of functional amine chlorides on the perovskite surface.They were discovered to enhance the film crystallinity and suppress the oxidation of Sn²⁺remarkably,hence reduce trap state density and non-irradiative recombination in the absorber films.Furthermore,the SCG film holds the band levels matching better with carrier transport layers and herein favoring charge extraction at the device interfaces.Consequently,a champion device efficiency of 8.07% was achieved alo ng with significant enhancements in VOC and JSC,in contrast to 5.35% of the control device value.Moreover,the SCG film-based devices also exhibit superior stability comparing with the control one.This work explicitly paves a novel and general strategy for developing high performance lead-free PSCs.     

Energy level engineering of charge selective contact and halide perovskite by modulating band offset:Mechanistic insights

Mixed cation and anion based perovskites solar cells exhibited enhanced stability under outdoor conditions,however,it yielded limited power conversion efficiency when TiO₂ and Spiro-OMeTAD were employed as electron and hole transport layer(ETL/HTL)respectively.The inevitable interfacial recombination of charge carriers at ETL/perovskite and perovskite/HTL interface diminished the efficiency in planar(n-i-p)perovskite solar cells.By employing computational approach for uni-dimensional device simulator,the effect of band offset on charge recombination at both interfaces was investigated.We noted that it acquired cliff structure when the conduction band minimum of the ETL was lower than that of the perovskite,and thus maximized interfacial recombination.However,if the conduction band minimum of ETL is higher than perovskite,a spike structure is formed,which improve the performance of solar cell.An optimum value of conduction band offset allows to reach performance of 25.21%,with an open circuit voltage(VOC)of 1231 mV,a current density JSC of 24.57 mA/cm² and a fill factor of 83.28%.Additionally,we found that beyond the optimum offset value,large spike structure could decrease the performance.With an optimized energy level of Spiro-OMeTAD and the thickness of mixed-perovskite layer performance of 26.56% can be attained.Our results demonstrate a detailed understanding about the energy level tuning between the charge selective layers and perovskite and how the improvement in PV performance can be achieved by adjusting the energy level offset.     

A new strategy to access Co/N co-doped carbon nanotubes as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs),as one-dimensional nanomaterials,show great potential in energy conversion and storage due to their efficient electrical conductivity and mass transfer.However,the security risks,time-consuming and high cost of the preparation process hinder its further application.Here,we develop that a negative pressure rather than a following gas environment can promote the generation of cobalt and nitrogen co-doped CNTs(Co/N-CNTs) by using cobalt zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF-67) as a precursor,in which the negative pressure plays a key role in adjusting the size of cobalt nanoparticles and stimulating the rearragement of carbon atoms for forming CNTs.Importantly,the obtained Co/N-CNTs,with high content of pyridinic nitrogen and abundant graphitized structure,exhibit superior catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) with half-wave potential(E_1/2) of 0.85 V and durability in terms of the minimum current loss(2%) after the 30,000 s test.Our development provides a new pathway for large-scale and cost-effective preparation of metal-doped CNTs for various applications.     

Recent Advances of Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials for Bioimaging Applications

Bioimaging,as a powerful and helpful tool,which allows people to investigate deeply within living organisms,has contributed a lot for both clinical theranostics and scientific research.Pure organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials with the unique features of ultralong luminescence lifetime and large Stokes shift,can efficiently avoid biological autofluorescence and scattered light through a time-resolved imaging modality,and thus are attracting increasing attention.This review classifies pure organic RTP materials into three categories,including small molecule RTP materials,polymer RTP materials and supramolecular RTP materials,and summarizes the recent advances of pure organic RTP materials for bioimaging applications.     

酵母对抑制剂耐受的系统分析

纤维素生产乙醇的关键问题之一是水解产生的抑制性物质对乙醇发酵具有明显的抑制效应,因而引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注.研究发现,在抑制剂存在下,酵母在基因表达水平,蛋白水平和代谢物水平都有相应的耐受响应,且这些响应错综复杂.从系统角度运用组学的方法研究这一体系将有助于全面深入了解酵母的耐受机制.本文综述了系统研究的思路和方法在酵母对抑制剂耐受方面的研究状况;对主要研究手段和成果进行了回顾;并对酵母发酵乙醇系统分析的前景进行了展望.