第一周 一元二次方程

一、一元选择题（每小题３分,共３０分）１．（ｍ２－ｍ－２）ｘ２＋ｍｘ＋２＝０是关于ｘ的一元二次方程,则ｍ的取值范围是（　）（Ａ）ｍ≠－１　（Ｂ）ｍ≠２（Ｃ）ｍ≠－１且ｍ≠２　（Ｄ）ｍ≠０２．关于ｘ的方程（ｍ－２）ｘ２＋（１－２ｍ）ｘ＋ｍ２－４＝０有一个根是零,则ｍ的值应是（　）（Ａ）１２　（Ｂ）－２　（Ｃ）２　（Ｄ）±２３．方程ｘ（ｘ＋２）＝２（ｘ＋２）的解是（　）（Ａ）ｘ＝２　（Ｂ）ｘ＝２或ｘ＝－２（Ｃ）ｘ＝－２　（Ｄ）无解４．方程２（ｍ－１）ｘ＋１＝（｜ｍ｜－１）ｘ２,只有一个实根ｘ,则ｍ＝…     

关于二部图K(m,n)-2的色唯一性

设Ｋ（ｍ，ｎ）－２表示从完全二部图Ｋ（ｍ，ｎ）中删去任意２条边所得之图．本文证明了：１．若ｎ≥ｍ≥３，且ｎ＋ｍ＞(（ｎ－ｍ）^２＋８)^1/2＋１/２（ｎ－ｍ）^２＋４，则Ｋ（ｍ，ｎ）－２是色唯一图；２．当ｍ≥３时，Ｋ（ｍ，ｍ）－２，Ｋ（ｍ，ｍ＋１）－２和Ｋ（ｍ，ｍ＋２）－２均是色唯一图．     

一类三角恒等式的统一推广

《数学通报》１９９７年第９期“一个三角恒等式的推广”一文中给出了如下一类三角恒等式：∑２ｎｋ＝１（ｓｉｎｋπ２ｎ＋１）２ｍ＝（２ｎ＋１）Ｃｍ２ｍ２２ｍ,（１）∑ｎｋ＝１（ｓｉｎｋπ２ｎ＋１）２ｍ＝（２ｎ＋１）Ｃｍ２ｍ２２ｍ＋１,（２）∑２ｎｋ＝１（ｃ...     

关于方程a~x b~y=c~z的Terai-Jemanowicz猜想

设ｍ是正整数,证明了：（Ａ）如果ｂ是奇素数,且ａ＝ｍ３－３ｍ,ｂ＝３ｍ２－１,ｃ＝ｍ２＋１, 那么丢番图方程 ａｘ＋ ｂｙ＝ｃｚ（１）仅有正整数解（ｘ,ｙ,ｚ）＝（２,２,３）;（Ｂ）如果ｂ是奇素数,且 ａ＝ｍ｜ｍ４－１０ｍ２＋５｜,ｂ＝５ｍ４－１０ｍ２＋５｜,ｂ＝ ５ｍ４－１０ｍ２＋１, ｃ＝ｍ２＋ １,那么丢番图方程（１）仅有正整数解 （ｘ,ｙ,ｚ）＝（２,２,５）．     

∑n—1^∞1／n^2m的一种求和法

本文通过求了函数Ｆ（ｘ）＝ｘ＾２ｍ的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数展开式,得出了∑ｎ＝１＾∞１／ｎ＾２ｍ＝Ａｍπ＾２ｍ中Ａｍ的递推关系式。     

面积为2π[m（m＋1）＋2]的广义极小浸入球面

本文主要利用Ｐｌｕｃｋｅｒ公式，通过若干引理和命题，证明了全体具有面积为Ａ（ｘ）＝２π［ｍ（ｍ＋１）＋２］的广义极小满浸入ｘ：Ｓ＾２→Ｓ＾２ｍ构成的等价类空间微分同胚于齐性空间Ｇ＝ＳＯ（２ｍ＋１，Ｃ）／ＳＯ（２ｍ＋１，Ｒ）。     

有限局部环Z／p^kZ上辛几何中计数定理

本文计算了Ｎ（ｍ，ｓ；２ｖ）与ｎ（ｍ，ｓ，ｔ，ｒ１，…，ｒｔ；２ｖ）．并以推论形式得到Ｓｐ２ｖ（Ｚ／ｐｋＺ）的阶．Ｎ（ｍ，ｓ；２ｖ）表示环Ｚ／ｐｋＺ上２ｖ维向量空间Ｖ２ｖ（Ｚ／ｐｋＺ）上的指数为ｓ的ｍ维子空间的个数；ｎ（ｍ，ｓ，ｔ，ｒ１，…，ｒ１，２ｖ）是秩为ｍ，不变因子为（ｒ，ｓ，ｔ，ｒ１，ｒｔ）的ｍ×２ｖ矩阵的个数     

双样本HotellingT^2检验使用条件的拓广及其应用

本文将双样本ＨｏｔｅｌｌｉｎｇＴ＾２检验的使用前提条件ｎ１＞ｍ，ｎ２＞ｍ（ｎ１，ｎ２分别为第一、二样本的样本容量，ｍ为向量维数，即特征指标数），拓广为ｎ１＋ｎ２ｍ≥ｍ＋２，并提供了较广的应用背景，最后给出了应用实例。     

一元二次方程教与学研究

第１课　一元二次方程（精讲式）一、问题提出１．如果一个正方形的面积为６４ｃｍ２,正方形的边长为ｘｃｍ,则ｘ２＝６４,ｘ＞０　①２．已知一个矩形的长比宽多２ｃｍ,宽为ｘｃｍ,矩形的面积为４５ｃｍ２,问矩形的宽是多少？依题意得：（ｘ＋２）ｘ＝４５　（ｘ＞０）整理得：ｘ２＋２ｘ－４５＝０　②３．在△ＡＢＣ中∠Ｃ＝９０°,ＡＢ＝１６ｃｍ,ＢＣ－ＡＣ＝２ｃｍ,求ＡＣ的长．若设ＡＣ＝ｘｃｍ则由勾股定理ＡＣ２＋ＢＣ２＝ＡＢ２,即ｘ２＋（ｘ＋２）２＝１６２整理得：ｘ２＋２ｘ－１２６＝０　③４．某片树林现估计木材…     

利用尺度函数寻求常微分方程的近似解

论的结论是：设ｍ－１阶线性常微分方程的一般形式为ｄ＾ｍ－１ｕｄｘ＾ｍ－１＋ａ１（ｘ）ｄ＾ｍ－２ｕｄｘ＾ｍ－２＋…＋ａｍ－２（ｘ）ｄｕｄｘ＋ａｍ－１（ｘ）ｕ＝ｆ（ｘ）那么,当限定ｘ∈「０,１」时,它的近似解为ｕＮ（ｘ）＝∑２＾Ｎ－１ｋ＝－ｍ＋１ｃ＾ＮｋＮｍ（２＾Ｎｘ－ｋ）其中,ｍ≥２,Ｎｍ是ｍ阶样条函数。ｃ＾Ｎｋ是待定常数,它由ｍ－１个定解条件和导出等式产生的２＾Ｎ个条件决定。     

Diophantine representation of enumerable predicates

This paper is the author's abstract of dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences. The dissertation was defended on February 24, 1972 at a session of the faculty council of the V. A. Steklov Mathematics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the SSSR. The official opponents were: Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences S. I. Adyan; Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Yu. L. Ershov; and Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR D. K. Faddeev.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 115–120, July, 1972.     

Studies in the matrix representability of abstract groups and in matrix groups

The author presents a summary of his dissertation in competition for the academic degree Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences. The dissertation was defended on April 26, 1972, before the Academic Council of the Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The official opponents were Prof. D. M. Smirnov (Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences), Prof. A. I. Starostin (Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences of the Belorussian SSR and Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences), and Prof. A. I. Shirshov (Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences).Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 597–606, October, 1973.     

Certain problems of the theory of difference boundary value problems

This is an author's abstract of a dissertation for the degree of doctor of physicomathematical sciences. The dissertation was defended on December 2,1969,at a session of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The official opponents were: Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences Prof. K. I. Babenko, Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences Prof. N. S. Bakhvalov, and Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences E. A. Volkov.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 655–663, May, 1970.     

Prime extensions and categoricity in power

This paper deals with the notion of prime extension defined by Morley. A connection is established between the categoricity of a theory in a cardinal greater than the power of its language and the existence of prime extensions. For such theories we prove a minimality property of the prime extensions and we conclude by a property of the group of automorphisms of their models. Author working on Ph. D. thesis under supervision of Prof. M. O. Rabin. Author working at the CNRS under the supervision of Prof. D. Lacombe.     

Lyapunov first method for nonholonomic systems with circulatory forces

We consider the problem of instability of equilibrium states of scleronomic nonholonomic systems moving in a stationary field of conservative and circulatory forces. The applied methodology is based on the existence of solutions of differential equations of motion which asymptotically tend to the equilibrium state of the system. It is assumed that the forces in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium position can be presented in the form of the sum of two components, the first one being a homogeneous function of the position with the positive degree of homogeneity; the second one being infinitely small in comparison to the first one. The results obtained, which partially generalize results from [S.D. Taliaferro, Instability of an equilibrium in a potential field, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 109 (2) (1990) 183–194; V.A. Vujičić, V.V. Kozlov, Lyapunov’s stability with respect to given state functions, J. Appl. Math. Mech. 55 (4) 9 (1991) 442–445; D.R. Merkin, Introduction to the Theory of the Stability of Motion, Nauka, Moscow, 1987 (in Russian); A.V. Karapetyan, On stability of equilibrium of nonholonomic systems, Prikl. Mat. Mekh. 39 (6) (1975) 1135–1140 (in Russian)], are illustrated by an example.     

Baryon string model. II. Special solutions of classical three-string equations of motion

Conclusions We have considered the simplest solutions of the three-string equations of motion; these are solutions with a finite number of excited degrees of freedom. It is of interest to construct the quantum theory of such motions of the relativistic three-string. Quantum theory of a meson string with finite number of degrees of freedom was constructed in [4]. Quantization of finite-mode solutions of the baryon string model will be considered in the third paper of the present work.Institute of High Energy Physics, Serpukhov. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika. Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 245–258, August, 1985.     

A family of extension operators

The definition of the degree of a family of extension operators is given. The connection of lower estimates with general properties is established. The problem of approximation of the segment [0, 1] by finite subsets is studied. In the class of homogeneous operators the independence of norms of operators from the degree of the family of extension operators is proved.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 215–219, August, 1977.     

A solution of the problem of oscillations of a die on a two-phase base under a seismic impact

A method of studying nonstationary seismic oscillations of a cylindrical die on a two-phase base is developed, which is modeled with an application of the theory of M. Bio-Ya. I. Frenkel'—V.N. Nikolaevskii. In the solution of the problem integral transforms are used in combination with the method of orthogonal polynomials for a representation of required contact stresses. Numerical results are given, which characterize a change of coefficients of expansion of the series of contact stresses with respect to time, including their resultant, under different masses of the die. Transformations of the projection diagram of normal contact stresses are shown as time passes.Translated from Dinamicheskie Sistemy, No. 7, pp. 32–41, 1988.     

The multidimensional plateau problem in Riemannian varieties

This paper is the author's abstract of his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences. The dissertation was defended on September 29, 1972 at a session of the Council of the Mechanico-Mathematical Faculty of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow University. The official opponents were Prof. V. M. Alekseev, Doctor of Phys.-Mat. Sci.; Prof. D. V. Anosov, Doctor of Phys.-Mat. Sci.; and Prof. M. M. Postnikov, Doctor of Phys.-Mat. Sci.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 159–167, January, 1973.     

Approximations relative to Hausdorff distance

The present paper is an abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. The dissertation was defended on November 30, 1967 before the faculty of the V. A. Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The official opponents were Professors N. P. Korneichuk, P. P. Korovkin, and S. B. Stechkin, Doctors of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.