有机配体表面改性NiCo2O4纳米线用于水全分解

由于水分解在绿色能源领域的重要作用,能够在碱性介质中进行析氢(HER)和析氧(OER)反应的双功能电催化剂具有重要的应用价值。本文报道一种具有丰富缺陷的表面改性NiCo₂O₄纳米线(NWs),在碱性介质中作为一种高效的整体水裂解电催化剂。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,Co²⁺/Co³⁺比值的增加是表面修饰NiCo₂O₄纳米线具有优异双功能电催化性能的重要原因。结果表明,在1.0 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中,通过有机配体主导的表面改性,优化后的NiCo₂O₄纳米线在电流密度达到10 mA·cm^-2时的HER过电位仅为83 mV,OER过电位仅为280 mV。更重要的是,有机配体表面改性后的NiCo₂O₄纳米线表现出了出色的水分解性能,在2.1 V电压下达到了100 mA·cm^-2的电流密度。目前的工作凸显了提高NiCo₂O₄ NWs尖晶石结构中Co²⁺含量对促进整体水裂解的重要性。     

不同晶型MnO2纳米阵列的可控合成及其电催化析氧性能

采用一步水热法,通过改变反应温度和硫酸的用量,在碳纸(CFP)表面可控合成了α?MnO₂纳米线和δ?MnO₂纳米片阵列,研究了MnO₂纳米阵列的电催化析氧反应(OER)性能。结果表明,在碱性介质中,α?MnO₂纳米线阵列的OER活性优于δ?MnO₂纳米片阵列,在电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时,α?MnO₂纳米线阵列的析氧过电位为444 mV(δ?MnO₂纳米片的过电位为522 mV)。通过X射线光电子能谱的表征分析可知,更高含量的Mn³⁺和表面更丰富的氧空位浓度是α?MnO₂纳米线阵列催化活性更高的原因。     

Rational design of hollow oxygen deficiency-enriched NiFe2O4@N/rGO as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

Bimetallic metal organic framework(MOF)as a precursor to prepare catalysts with bifunctional catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)attracts more and more attention.Herein,hollow oxygen deficiency-enriched NiFe₂O₄ is synthesized by pyrolytic FeNi bimetallic MOF.The defects of rGO during carbonization can act as nucleation sites for FeNi particles.After nucleation and N doping,the FeNi particles were served as catalysts for the deposition of dissolved carbon in the defects of the N/rGO.These deposited carbon,like a bridge,connect N/rGO and hollow oxygen deficiency-enriched NiFe₂O₄ together,which giving full play to the advantages of N/rGO in fast electron transfer,thereby improving its catalytic activity.The resultant NiFe₂O₄@N/rGO-800 exhibits a low overpotential of 252 mV at 20 mA cm^-2 for OER and 157 mV at 10 mA cm^-2 for HER in 1 M KOH,respectively.When used as bifunctional electrodes for overall water splitting,it also shows low cell voltage of 1.60 V and 1.67 V at 10 and 20 mA cm^-2,respectively.     

氧空位和磷掺杂协同增强铁钴基材料电解水催化性能

为了研发高效、稳定的电解水催化剂,我们以氧空位和磷掺杂为基础,通过原位浸泡生长和两步热处理的方法,在泡沫铁上合成具有氧空位和磷掺杂的纳米花结构作为析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)双功能电催化剂。CoFe₂O₄已被报道为一种很有前途的OER和氧还原反应(ORR)电催化剂,然而CoFe₂O₄在HER中表现出电导率差、电催化反应慢的特性。CoFe₂O₄中氧空位(Ov)的形成可以有效调控催化剂表面的电子结构,有助于产生更多的缺陷和空位,从而提高OER的活性。随后,引入磷原子填充在空位中,制备的P-Ov-CoFe₂O₄/IF在碱性电催化测试中展现出优异的HER和OER性能,在10 mA·cm^-2电流密度下HER和OER过电位仅为54和191 mV,Tafel斜率分别为57和54 mV·dec^-1,并具有良好的循环稳定性。     

CeO2修饰Ni3S2纳米片用于高效电催化析氧

电化学水分解制氢作为重要的生产氢能的新能源技术,包括氢气析出反应(HER)和氧气析出反应(OER).然而,OER进行的是多步电子转移过程,动力学过程缓慢且过电位高,严重制约了电解水制氢的发展.因此开发低成本、高效稳定的非贵金属催化剂替代贵金属催化剂(RuO2,IrO2)来降低过电位,减少能源消耗十分必要.Ni₃S₂由于其高导电性、高活性、低成本等优点,具有作为贵金属催化剂替代品的广阔应用前景,但其OER性能仍需进一步提高.对已有的有效OER催化剂进行表界面调控是提高催化剂性能的一种有效策略.CeO₂中的Ce3+和Ce4+价态之间可以灵活过渡,使其具有良好的电子/离子导电性、可逆的表面氧离子交换和较高的储氧能力.CeO₂的多价性使其有机会与其它基质产生强烈的电子相互作用,良好的电子/离子导电性和较高的储氧能力是提高催化剂析氧活性的有利因素.因此,用CeO₂对Ni₃S₂进行修饰是提高其析氧活性的有效途径.基于此,本文运用水热和电沉积相结合的方法将CeO₂修饰到Ni₃S₂纳米片上,制备得到生长于泡沫镍上的Ni₃S₂-CeO₂纳米片阵列(Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF),并运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段进行了表征,以三电极系统测试了其电催化析氧性能及稳定性,并通过密度泛函理论计算进行了验证.XRD结果表明,复合材料中确实存在Ni₃S₂和CeO₂.通过SEM发现,泡沫镍基底上均匀分布着Ni₃S₂纳米片阵列;电沉积CeO₂后,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂仍保持其纳米片特性,但表面变得粗糙.Ni₃S₂-CeO₂的TEM结果也证实了纳米片结构的形成,高分辨率TEM图像清晰的显示出Ni₃S₂和CeO₂之间具有明显的界面.XPS结果表明,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂的Ni 2p的结合能与Ni₃S₂相比出现负位移.与纯CeO₂的Ce 3d谱图相比,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂杂化体系中Ce4+的比例明显增加,表明Ce的价态发生了重排,部分电子转移给了Ni元素.这些结果均说明Ni₃S₂与CeO₂之间存在着较强的电子相互作用.相应的电催化测试结果显示,在1.0 M KOH中,当电流密度达到20 mA cm^–2时,Ni₃S₂/NF需提供356 mV的过电位,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF只需264 mV的过电位,仅次于RuO2/NF.而且,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF在中性条件下也显示出了较理想的析氧活性.Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF的Tafel斜率明显低于CeO₂/NF和Ni₃S₂/NF,表明其具有良好的OER反应动力学.循环伏安法和计时电位法结果均表明,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF具有良好的电化学稳定性.电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明,与Ni₃S₂/NF和CeO₂/NF相比,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF明显具有更小的半圆直径,说明其电荷转移阻抗更小,进一步表明CeO₂的修饰有助于催化过程中电子的快速转移.在非法拉第区域的循环伏安扫描曲线以及拟合扫描速度对电容电流曲线结果显示,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF的最大电容值大于CeO₂/NF和Ni₃S₂/NF,表明其暴露了更多的活性位点,具有更大的电化学活性表面积;而且,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF在400和500 mV时的电催化析氧转换频率明显高于Ni₃S₂/NF和CeO₂/NF,进一步说明Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF具有更高的本征催化活性.密度泛函理论计算表明,由于^*OH,^*O和^*OOH与Ni₃S₂-CeO₂中的Ni和Ce原子相互作用的存在,使得反应中间产物与Ni₃S₂-CeO₂之间的结合强度较纯Ni₃S₂或CeO₂强,使其显示出了更高的OER性能.在经过24 h连续电解后,SEM和TEM结果均表明,Ni₃S₂-CeO₂/NF材料仍保持了其纳米片形貌.稳定性测试后的XPS结果表明,Ni 2p对应的峰强度降低,而与氧化镍物种对应的峰强度增强;S元素在Ni₃S₂-CeO₂表面的信号强度明显降低.根据文献报道,在强烈的氧化环境下,过渡金属硫化物会部分转化为氧化物或氢氧化物,这通常被认为是OER过程的实际催化物种.     

团簇Au/CeO2的制备及其催化CO氧化反应构效关系的研究

负载型Au催化剂因其在诸多反应过程中的高催化活性而备受研究者关注.然而针对负载型催化剂中Au物种结构的有效调控,以及催化过程中真实构-效关系的探索一直充满了挑战.用CeO₂为Au物种担载基底,通过简单煅烧处理引起的CeO₂结构变化,进而实现Au/CeO₂之间界面作用力的调控.此研究发现Au纳米颗粒中Au⁰物种具备更为高效的催化室温CO氧化活性,结合多种原位表征分析,其室温条件下催化转化效率更依赖于CO吸附能力.而相比于单原子Au₁和纳米Au颗粒,所制备的团簇Au/CeO₂催化剂在较高温度(>50℃)展现出优异的催化CO氧化反应性能.随着温度升高,催化剂表界面O参与的MvK反应路径更易发生,因此具有更多表界面活性O物种和Au^δ+位点的团簇Au/CeO₂催化剂展现出最为优异的催化CO氧化性能.这些发现为高效负载型Au催化剂的制备提供了新思路并深化了对Au/CeO₂催化作用机制的理解.     

Cu3P辅助诱导Ni2P电荷定向转移和表面重构以获得高效析氧活性

与助催化剂形成异质结,通过调整活性位点的电子结构和电荷输运来提高Ni₂P的电催化活性是一种可行的方法。本文成功构建了一种高效的Cu₃P/Ni₂P异质结催化剂,其中Cu₃P本身仅作为助催化剂,通过调节Ni₂P的电子转移和表面重构来提高电催化活性。结果表明,在10 mA·cm^-2的电流密度下,Cu₃P/Ni₂P具有优异的析氧反应(OER)活性,过电位为213 mV。结合实验结果和理论计算可知,Cu₃P助催化剂可以有效调整Ni中心的电子结构,实现电荷重分布,降低反应能垒,从而显著提高OER催化活性。此外,Cu₃P助催化剂诱导的丰富的晶界和晶格畸变促进了表面重构,形成Ni₅O(OH)₉,为OER提供了有效的活性位点。本工作通过引入助催化剂构建了一种新型异质结电催化剂,为优化过渡金属磷化物的电催化性能提供了一条有效途径。     

锚定在中空碳纳米笼上的Fe掺杂Co3O4用于高效电催化析氧(英文)

本研究采用[Fe(CN)₆]^3-阴离子交换2-甲基咪唑再于空气气氛下退火衍生的策略,制备了一种负载在氮掺杂中空纳米笼碳骨架上的Fe掺杂Co₃O₄电催化剂(Fe-Co₃O₄/NC),用于电催化OER。XRD和HRTEM表征证实了Fe掺人Co₃O₄的晶格中。XPS表征明确了Fe引入后Co价态升高,这是基于Co²⁺/Co³⁺和Fe³⁺的价电子构型诱导的电子由Co²⁺/Co³⁺向Fe³⁺的转移,这会促使Co位点在OER过程中衍生为CoOOH活性物种,作为真正的电催化活性中心,这也被OER稳定性测试后的HRTEM和XPS表征所证实。电化学性能测试显示,该电催化剂的OER过电位仅有275 mV且能够在100 mA/cm²的电流密度下稳定维持20 h,兼具优异的电催化活性和稳...     

CoFeOx/MoO2准平行纳米阵列电极的析氢性能

利用CoFe层状双金属氢氧化物(CoFe LDH)准平行纳米片阵列作为载体前驱体,通过原位负载及煅烧方式,实现了含有氧空位的MoO₂纳米颗粒在纳米片阵列表面的生长。电化学研究结果表明,所得CoFeO_x/MoO₂纳米阵列电极具有高析氢反应(HER)催化活性。该电极在10和1 000 mA·cm^-2时的HER过电位分别为40和217 mV。在50 mA·cm^-2的电流密度下,该电极可以稳定运行125 h。     

钴钒水滑石纳米片用于电催化尿素氧化（英文）

电解水是一种常用的制氢方法,但高能耗的阳极析氧反应(OER)阻碍了其应用。尿素氧化反应(UOR)具有较低的热力学电势,是最有前景的OER替代反应之一。过渡金属基水滑石具有独特的层状结构和层间阴离子可交换等优点,被认为是性能优异的UOR催化剂,然而目前大多数研究主要聚焦于后过渡金属元素。该研究通过一步法制备了具有前/后过渡金属的CoV-LDHs纳米片。与相同方法制备的Co(OH)₂相比,CoV-LDHs纳米片具有以下优点:1)纳米片结构有利于暴露更多的活性位点。2) V的引入增强了CoV-LDHs的亲水性,提高了其本征电催化动力学。3) Co (3d⁷4s²)和V(3d³4s²)之间的d-电子补偿效应有利于促进尿素的吸附。因此,CoV-LDHs仅需要1.52V(vs.RHE)就可以达到10mA·cm^-2的电流密度,比Co(OH)₂低了70 mV,同时CoV-LDHs较低的塔菲尔斜率表明了其较快的反应动力学。此外,CoV-LDHs在连续反...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.