高硅SSZ-13分子筛膜二次水热生长过程

采用稀释模板剂合成溶胶在管状莫来石支撑体上制备高硅SSZ-13分子筛膜以研究膜的二次水热生长过程。对433 K下二次生长2~72 h的膜和底料进行表征,XRD表明膜和底料中的SSZ-13特征峰均在6 h后出现。底料中的晶粒尺寸基本不随晶化时间的延长而变化。在298 K和0.4 MPa测试条件下,433 K晶化72 h的SSZ-13分子筛膜CO₂渗透通量为2.08×10^-7 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1,CO₂/CH₄理想选择性为24。探讨了SSZ-13分子筛膜的生长过程：涂覆在支撑体上的晶种首先溶解并形成大量有序的结构单元,诱导溶胶中晶粒形成并快速生长,晶粒沉积在支撑体的表面共生形成无缺陷的膜层。     

气体分离分子筛膜

本文简述了气体分离分子筛膜的研究进展,总结了气体分离分子筛膜的制备方法、分子筛膜类型、气体分离性能及催化应用,分析了气体渗透测定方法和分离机理,对分子筛膜的发展提出一些建议。     

气体分离膜研究进展

全面综述了近几年气体分离膜研究的最新进展,主要包括气体分离膜材料、制膜方法、表征方法三个方面。     

聚糠醇炭分子筛膜的制备及O_2/N_2分离性能研究

以草酸为催化剂将糠醇单体直接聚合成所需黏度的聚糠醇液体作为涂膜液,仅需一步涂覆便可在价格低廉的煤基炭管支撑体上制备出高性能的聚糠醇炭分子筛膜.聚糠醇炭分子筛膜的热解过程、微观形貌和分离性能分别采用热重分析、扫描电镜以及O2、N2渗透实验进行表征.实验结果表明制备出的聚糠醇炭分子筛膜表面均匀且无缺陷.聚糠醇在热解过程中最终转化成具有超微孔的乱层石墨微晶结构.热解温度升高导致了起分离作用的有效超微孔尺寸的减小,进而表现出O2、N2的渗透速率逐渐降低,O2/N2的选择性逐渐增大的趋势.不同热解温度下制备的炭分子筛膜的O2渗透性和O2/N2选择性之间关系均超出了传统聚合物膜的Robeson上限.     

SSZ-13和RUB-50分子筛上甲醇制烯烃的对比研究

对比研究了SSZ-13(CHA拓扑结构)和RUB-50(LEV拓扑结构)硅铝分子筛笼大小对甲醇制烯烃反应性能的影响,并采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、固体核磁共振、热重和紫外-可见光谱等技术对催化剂的结构及反应后的碳物种进行了表征.结果表明,笼尺寸较大的SSZ-13分子筛在反应中的稳定性和产物丙烯选择性均较高;而笼尺寸...     

碳化硅上生长Cu/SSZ-13分子筛及其NH3-SCR催化性能

汽车尾气和柴油不完全燃烧所释放的NOx严重污染了大气环境.为了降低对大气的污染,可将其催化还原成氮气.氨气选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)是使用较广泛的机动车高效脱硝技术.用于催化脱硝反应的催化剂有多种类型,分子筛具有特殊的孔道结构和骨架结构及高比表面积,因而已广泛用作脱硝反应催化剂.与传统三效催化剂相比,分子筛催化剂总体表现出更好的脱硝催化活性,但在高温下不稳定,容易失活,不耐热冲击,水热稳定性差.SiC具有耐酸碱、耐腐蚀、抗氧化、耐磨及良好的热稳定性和导电性,因此作为催化剂载体近年来引起广泛关注.但是其本身也存在许多缺点,如比表面积低、表面性质不活泼、不利于金属物种分散等.因此,本文通过原位水热法将SSZ-13生长在SiC表面,制备出新型催化复合材料SSZ-13@SiC.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和N2吸附-脱附等手段研究了不同碱量和晶化时间对SSZ-13在SiC表面生长的影响,负载Cu后获得Cu/SSZ-13@SiC作为催化剂,研究了SiC对Cu/SSZ-13中高温下脱硝活性的影响规律.结果表明,碱含量会影响SSZ-13在SiC表面的结晶程度.当SiO2/NaOH ≥ 0.1时,SSZ-13有杂相出现,并且结晶度都不高; 当SiO2/NaOH < 0.1时,SiC表面会生长成纯相的SSZ-13晶粒且具有较高的结晶度.晶化时间也会影响SSZ-13在SiC表面的覆盖程度: 反应1 d时,SiC表面会生长零星的SSZ-13晶粒; 2 d时,SSZ-13达到全面覆盖; 3 d后,SSZ-13在SiC上的生长达到饱和,其比表面积达到最大值,约为201.3 m2/g.通过离子交换将不同含量Cu离子交换到分子筛表面,其中Cu(1.71)/SSZ-13@SiC样品具有最佳的脱硝活性,接近200 °C时,NO转化率就达到90%以上,到高温500 °C时,NO转化率仍能保持在70%以上.相比于未负载的Cu/SSZ-13,Cu/SSZ-13@SiC催化剂在NH3-SCR测试中具有更高的高温催化活性,同时催化活性窗口明显拓宽.上述结果说明SiC对Cu/SSZ-13的高温催化活性具有一定的提高和稳定作用.     

利用适用于SAPO-34的有机结构导向剂合成SSZ-13分子筛

硅铝分子筛SSZ-13和硅磷铝分子筛SAPO-34已广泛应用于已商业化的催化应用中, 如甲醇制烯烃反应(MTO)和氨气选择性催化还原反应(NH₃-SCR). 目前, 已有多种商业化的有机结构导向剂(OSDA)可用于制备 SAPO-34, 而用于合成SSZ-13的OSDA仍主要依赖经典的N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基氢氧化铵(TMAdaOH). 因此, 寻找具有较高性价比且可导向合成高硅铝比(SAR)SSZ-13的OSDAs具有重要意义. 本文使用3种可制备SAPO-34的OSDAs[二异丙胺(DIPA)、 二丙胺(DPA)、 正丁胺(nBA)]替代部分TMAdaOH, 发现即使不加入晶种也可合成出SSZ-13. 采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)和固体核磁共振(ss-NMR)分析方法对制备的SSZ-13进行了系统研究. 结果显示, 所合成的具有可调变SARs的SSZ-13负载Cu之后, 在NH₃-SCR性能上与商业化催化剂相当. 此外, 通过研究DIPA和TMAdaOH合成SSZ-13的晶化机理发现, DIPA的加入可以加快结晶过程、 提高产率并防止非晶相的形成. 本文提出的观点可为寻找更高效和商业化的SSZ-13结构导向剂及合成具有特定性质的SSZ-13提供参考.     

等离子体聚合制备气体分离膜研究概况

本文叙述了近年来等离子体聚合技术制备气体分离膜,主要是富氧膜的研究进展。着重介绍等离子体聚合制备复合膜的类型及结构、气体透过特性、等离子体反应参数对复合膜气体透过性的影响。     

Silicalite-1分子筛膜的合成及气体渗透性能

采用原位水热合成的方法在管状α Al2 O3 基膜上合成了Silicalite 1分子筛膜 ;并采用XRD ,SEM等方法表征了该膜的性质 ;研究了单组分H2 ,N2 ,Ar,CH4,C2 H4,C2 H6,C3 H8,n C4H10 ,i C4H10 等气体在 2 98K及 473K时的渗透特性 .单组分H2 ,N2 ,Ar的渗透率随压差不变 ,单组分H2 /i C4H10 在 2 98K和 473K时的理想分离系数为 2 49和 36 .2 ,偏离Knudsen扩散的比值 ,表明气体是通过Silicalite 1分子筛的孔道透过 .低碳烷烃的渗透率按以下次序降低 :CH4>C2 H6>C3 H8>n C4H10 >i C4H10 .正异丁烷的理想分离系数在 2 98K时为 1 5 .温度升至 473K时 ,除N2 ,Ar外 ,所有的气体的渗透率都增加 ,正异丁烷的理想分离系数在 473K时降至 9.0 .气体分离数据表明 ,该膜没有缺陷     

芳香聚酰亚胺气体分离膜

芳香聚酰亚胺一直在电子、复合材料及粘接剂等领域广泛地应用。最近,聚酰亚胺膜已用于气体的分离过程。这是因为芳香聚酰亚胺是具有高玻璃化温度的玻璃态聚合物,它对小分子比大分子有更大的选择透过性,高选择性是与玻璃态聚合物的僵硬主链,对不同尺寸的分子提供筛分作用相连系的。新开发的芳香聚酰亚胺膜是用联苯四甲酸二酐与芳香二胺缩聚制备的聚酰亚胺溶液制造的。这种中空纤维状的膜是由一个多孔结构支撑的一个很薄的外表面组成的。它可通过聚合物溶液采用干——湿法过程纺丝而成,经溶剂交换干燥,外层的致密部分由计算可知厚度低于0.1μm。它对H_2与CO、CH_4.N_2及其它气体的分离有高度的选择性。由于它具有聚酰亚胺特有的耐高温性能,所以可以在很广的气体加工条件下使用。这种膜对水蒸气有很高的透过性,因而也可用于有机蒸气的脱水,或空气干燥。此膜对水蒸气的透过速度为乙醇的100～200倍。30%的乙醇水溶液,经一次膜分离,浓度可提高到99%。空气干燥系统可产出达到-50℃露点的空气。     

Synthesis Optimization of SSZ-13 Zeolite Membranes by Dual Templates for N2/NO2 Separation

High-silica SSZ-13 zeolite membranes are promising in industrial separations of light gases and continuous membranes are highly demanded for better separation performances. Herein, pure-phase, continuous and thin SSZ-13 zeolite membranes were synthesized using dual templates of N,N,N-trimethtyl-1-adamantammonium hydroxide(TMAdaOH) and tetraethylammonium hydroxide(TEAOH). Systematical investigations of TMAdaOH/TEAOH ratios and their concentrations show that TMAdaOH acts as the main structure-directing agent in the formation of the SSZ-13 zeolite. TMAdaOH cooperatively plays with TEAOH in promoting the SSZ-13 crystal intergrowth to form a continuous polycrystalline membrane. Additionally, appropriate introduction of TEAOH is able to adjust the membrane thickness to the crystal-comparable size of ca. 2.0 μm. The SSZ-13 membranes are further applied for N₂/NO₂separation, which is firstly reported on zeolite membranes. The gas permeation results show that the SSZ-13 membrane synthesized by the dual-template approach exhibits selective separation of N₂ over NO₂ with N₂/NO₂ separation factor of 7.6 and N₂ permeance of 1.66×10^-8 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1.     

NaA分子筛膜的制备及其渗透蒸发性能

采用喷涂法在多孔α-Al2O3载体上制备了NaA分子筛膜(M),其结构和形貌经SEM和XRD表征。对M的渗透蒸发性能进行了研究,结果表明:喷涂时间和晶种浓度是影响M渗透蒸发性能的关键因素。在喷涂时间为30 s,晶种浓度为1 wt%的最佳条件下制备的M,在348 K时对90 wt%乙醇的渗透通量为2.64kg·m-2·h-1,分离因子>10 000。     

在多孔γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体上微波合成NaA分子筛膜及气体渗透分离性能

The paper presented novel synthesis of NaA zeolite membrane with good performance using microwave heating. The method involved two steps, prior seeding 120 nm of LTA crystals on substrate and then employing a secondary hydrothermal synthesis. Effects of seeding times, synthesis time and synthesis times were investigated in this work. The quality evaluation of membranes respectively used single component gases (HE and N2) and H2/N2 (equivalent volume) mixture. The ideal H2,/N2 selectivity increased from 1.90 of the substrate to 6.37 of the three-stage synthesized membrane, which was distinctly higher than the corresponding Knudsen diffusion selectivity of 3.74. However, the real H2/N2 selectivity of the three-stage synthesis was much lower than the corresponding ideal selectivity and close to the corresponding Knudsen diffusion selectivity of 3.74.     

NaA型分子筛膜的合成及分离性能的研究

在自制的片状多孔陶瓷载体上,通过多次原位水热晶化合成出ＮａＡ型分子筛膜,通过扫描电子显微镜观测,发现在某些区域,小颗粒的ＮａＡ型分子筛以非常紧密的形式畸晶孪生在一起,其致密度远好于由分子筛晶粒松散无规律堆积而形成的膜排列经类膜生长形式可能是获得取致密无缺陷型分子筛膜的一种途径,单组分及双组分气体渗透测试结果表明,在所合成的分子筛膜上,晶粒间隙孔可能是主要的膜扩散通道,可凝聚气体异丁烷因发生毛细管凝     

Evaluation of Co/SSZ-13 Zeolite Catalysts Prepared by Solid-Phase Reaction for NO-SCR by Methane

Co/SSZ-13 zeolites were prepared by heating the finely dispersed mixture of NH₄-SSZ-13 and different cobalt salts up to 550 °C. Investigations by thermogravimetry – differential scanning calorimetry – mass spectrometry provided new insight into details of the solid-state reaction. Formation of Co carrying hydrate melt or volatile species was shown to proceed from chloride, nitrate, or acetylacetonate Co precursor salts upon thermal treatment. This phase change allows the transport of the Co species into the zeolite pores. The reaction of the NH₄⁺ or H⁺ zeolite cations and the mobile Co precursors generates vapor or gas products, readily leaving the zeolite pores, and cobalt ions in lattice positions suggesting that solid-state ion-exchange is the prevailing process. The obtained catalysts are of good activity and N₂ selectivity in the CH₄/NO-SCR reaction. The thermal treatment of acetate or formate salts give solid intermediates that are unable to get in contact and react with the cations in the zeolite micropores. These catalysts contain mainly Co-oxide clusters located on the outer surface of the zeolite crystallites and have poor catalytic performance.     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50 200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2 0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of γ-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes have zeolitic top-layers with a thickness of 10-25 μm, and zeolite crystals can be intruded into pores of the supports as deeply as 100μm. The experimental results indicate that the precoating of zeolitic seeds on supports is beneficial to crystallization by shortening the synthesis time and improving the membrane strength. The resulting zeolite X membrane shows permselectivity to tri-n-butylamine((C4H9)3N) over perfluro-tributyl-amine ((C4Fg)3N), and a permeance ratio of 57 for ((C4Hg)3N to (C4F9)3N could be reached at 350℃. Permeances of BZ, EB and TIPB through the zeolite membrane were also measured and were found to slightly increase with temperature.     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50-200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2-0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of r-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes hav     

Preparation and Characterization of Adsorption-Selective Carbon Membranes for Gas Separation

The preparation and characterisation of adsorption-selective carbon membranes (ASCMs) is described. ASCMs can separate the components of a gas mixture depending on their adsorption strength. These membranes allow the separation of non-adsorbable or weakly adsorbable components (e.g. N₂, H₂, O₂, etc) from the more strongly adsorbable components (e.g. hydrocarbons) in a gas mixture. They are prepared from the deposition of a thin film of a phenolic resin on the inner face of an alumina tube. Air oxidative treatment at temperatures in the range of 300–400°C, prior to carbonisation (pre-oxidation) or after carbonisation (under vacuum at 700°C) (post-oxidation) gives rise to an adsorption-selective carbon membrane. This membrane shows a high permeability and selectivity towards the separation of gas mixtures formed by hydrocarbons and N₂. Taking into account the permeation and separation properties of the membranes, post-oxidation treatment is shown to be more effective than pre-oxidation. The separation characteristics of the carbon membranes are dependent on the composition of the gas mixture (i.e. proportion of more strongly adsorbable components) and temperature.