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为了满足人们对高性能锂离子电池的需求,对电极材料进行结构设计和表面改性非常重要。基于炭材料独特的优势,通过使用炭材料或是制备炭基复合物能够极大地提高锂离子电池的电化学性能。基于本实验室的研究基础,本文总结了炭基材料在锂离子电池应用领域所发挥的重要作用,综述了炭材料和炭基复合材料作为锂离子电极材料的研究进展,着重阐述了通过引入炭材料和控制材料结构来提高电池电化学性能。在炭负极材料方面,主要概述了新型炭负极材料(碳纳米管、石墨烯和无定形炭)的各种形貌结构对电 化学性能的影响及各自的优缺点。在含炭复合电极材料方面,详细介绍了正负极复合材料的制备方法、结构设计、形貌控制及复合物中炭对于提高正负极活性材料的导电性和结构稳定性所发挥的积极作用。最后,对于炭基材料在锂离子电池领域需要解决的问题进行了探讨,以期提高锂离子电池的应用性能。 相似文献
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手性组装材料作为一种新型功能复合材料,已经引起众多科学研究领域的广泛关注,尤其是其在对映体分离方面的潜在应用成为当前的研究热点。本文首先从手性来源角度对手性组装材料的构建机制进行了分类探讨,包括手性诱导、手性放大、手性传递和手性转录4个主要途径,其中具有手性的多孔金属有机骨架、纳米笼是基于手性诱导和手性传递机制构建的组装材料,手性凝胶的形成是基于手性放大机制,而手性转录机制主要用于手性多孔无机材料、螺旋纳米结构的构建。其次,介绍了手性组装材料的对映体识别功能,主要针对金属有机骨架化合物(MOFs)、手性凝胶和纳米笼三类手性组装材料在对映体分离中的应用进行了综述。阐述了天然生物大分子DNA的手性自组装特性及其对对映体的立体选择性识别功能,并介绍了DNA螺旋组装结构在手性等离子材料、非对称催化剂设计等方面的应用。最后,归纳了金属有机骨架化合物、手性凝胶、纳米笼和DNA等手性组装材料各自的优势,并对DNA在手性拆分领域的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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相对于微孔金属有机骨架化合物,中孔金属有机骨架化合物的研究大大拓宽了该类材料的应用,尤其是在多相催化、挥发性有机物吸附和药物输送等领域。目前存在的问题主要集中在材料制备环节,尽管可以从分子水平设计出具有合适尺寸的中孔金属有机骨架材料,但是会出现合成过程中骨架结构发生贯穿无法得到中孔,甚至样品活化过程中骨架发生坍塌失去中孔等问题。本文综述了中孔金属有机骨架材料的设计策略与制备方法,如使用长配体、混合配体、表面活性剂辅助及后合成修饰等方法,并对各种制备方法的优缺点进行了总结。简要介绍了中孔金属有机骨架材料在气体存储、多相催化、分子传感、挥发性有机物吸附和药物载体等领域的应用进展,最后展望了该材料的发展前景。 相似文献
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金属有机骨架材料是近几年涌现出的一类新型多功能多孔固体材料,由金属离子和有机配体自组装形成.基于其比表面积高、孔隙率大、热稳定性好和结构与功能多样化等优点,此类材料可作为潜在的吸附剂来对水体等环境污染物进行预处理分析.此外,金属有机骨架材料和不同功能材料如碳基材料、分子印迹聚合物材料以及磁性纳米粒子等组装形成的金属有机骨架复合材料,其整体性能较优于母体金属有机骨架材料.因此,金属有机骨架复合材料在样品预处理方面的应用也引起了研究者的极大兴趣和广泛关注.结合自己的研究工作,对近5年的金属有机骨架材料以及金属有机骨架复合材料,主要在固相微萃取样品预处理方面的应用进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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金属-有机骨架材料及其在催化反应中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
金属-有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)材料是由金属离子和有机配体通过自组装而成的具有多孔结构的特殊晶体材料。由于其种类的多样性、孔道的可调性和结构的易功能化,已在气体的吸附和分离、催化、磁学、生物医学等领域表现出了诱人的应用前景。本文介绍了MOFs材料的类型和常用的合成方法,综述了近年来MOFs材料在催化领域的应用,特别是以MOFs材料中骨架金属作为活性中心、骨架有机配体作为活性中心和负载催化活性组分的催化反应,并对MOFs材料的催化应用趋势做了展望,以期对MOFs材料的催化性能有比较全面的认识。 相似文献
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电化学双电层电容器用新型炭材料及其应用前景 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
活性炭是目前使用最为广泛的一种电化学双电层电容器(EDLC)的电极材料,但其固有的缺点制约了EDLC性能的进一步提高。用新型高性能炭电极材料可使EDLC比能量和比功率性能进一步提高。这些新型炭材料包括基于石墨层状结构的纳米门炭,基于碳纳米管阵列结构的毛皮炭,通过高温置换反应制备的骨架炭以及电极可整体成型的纳米孔玻态炭。本文介绍了这些炭材料的电化学特性及其在电化学双电层电容器中的应用,指出用这4种新型炭材料制备EDLC的比能量或比功率性能远高于目前活性炭基EDLC,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%. 相似文献
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Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction
Laurent Gavara Thomas Boisse Jean-Pierre Hénichart Adam Daïch Philippe Gautret 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(38):7544-5571
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments. 相似文献
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The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula. 相似文献
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Rebecca J. Burton Mandy L. CrowtherNeal J. Fazakerley Shaun M. FilleryBarry M. Hayter Jason G. KettleCaroline A. McMillan Paula PerkinsPeter Robins Peter M. SmithEmma J. Williams Gail L. Wrigley 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines. 相似文献
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KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields. 相似文献
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N. A. Nedolya 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2008,44(10):1165-1219
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff
at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry
of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee.
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008. 相似文献
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Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products. 相似文献
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《Tetrahedron》2014,70(21):3377-3384
The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative. 相似文献
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Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields. 相似文献