利用光核反应对激光等离子体中超热电子温度诊断的理论研究

超短超强激光与等离子体相互作用可以产生高能的超热电子, 利用光核反应的方法可以对这部分超热电子的温度进行诊断. 本文通过粒子输运程序(MCNP), 模拟了超热电子通过轫致辐射产生γ 光子, γ 光子再分别与⁶³Cu, ¹⁰⁷Ag, ¹²C等活化材料发生光核反应的物理模型, 并根据核素的活化截面数据, 计算了不同活化片的放射性活度, 得到了¹¹C/⁶²Cu, ¹¹C/¹⁰⁶Ag活度比与电子温度关系曲线, 采用理论模拟的方法实现了激光等离子体产生的超热电子的温度诊断. 关键词： 超热电子 轫致辐射光子 光核反应 MCNP程序     

应用光核反应计算μ原子中的核极化效应

近年来,瑞士保罗谢勒研究所的CREMA合作组通过测量$\mu$氢原子兰姆位移显著提升了质子半径的测量精确度。然而这一新实验结果与已知质子半径标准值(CODATA)相差5.6个标准差,被称为质子半径之谜,受到众多物理学家的关注。受此启发,CREMA合作组在不同的$\mu$原子中展开了一系列兰姆位移光谱的测量实验。他们计划从这些$\mu$原子的测量中得到轻核(包括$^{2,3}{\rm{H}}$,$^{3,4}{\rm{He}}$)的电荷半径。除了对光谱测量精度的要求外,轻核半径的实验精度当前仍被一项理论输入量限制:核极化效应对$\mu$原子光谱的修正。核极化效应体现了$\mu$子与原子核进行双光子交换中对核的虚激发,进而对$\mu$原子能谱产生高阶修正。因此,这一效应与光核反应以及康普顿散射直接相关。核极化效应对兰姆位移的修正可通过计算光核吸收截面以及虚光子康普顿振幅的求和规则而得到。本工作运用第一性原理的核结构计算方法,研究了$\mu$原子中的核极化效应。通过结合现代核力模型与超球简谐基展开多体方法,计算了一系列与核极化相关的光核反应及康普顿散射求和规则。这一理论研究为从$\mu$原子光谱测量中对核半径的精确提取提供了关键性的理论输入。     

用光辐照法在SBN:Cr晶体中写入动态阵列平面光波导

利用扩展的准直He-Ne激光束通过菲涅耳双棱镜所形成的干涉光场辐照SBN:Cr晶体， 同时沿晶体光轴方向施加适当的直流电场，可在晶体中形成类似于体相位光栅结构的阵列平 面光波导. 采用马赫-曾德干涉仪光路实时测量了所写入阵列平面光波导的横向折射率分布 ，其峰值接近10-4. 初步的导光测试结果表明，利用周期结构光辐照并辅以适当的外加电场在SBN:Cr晶体中写入阵列平面光波导是可行的. 并且由于SBN:Cr晶体的快速响应特性，所写入的光波导是动态的，可随着写入光的撤除而快速消失，或通过改变双光束夹角 关键词： SBN:Cr晶体 结构光辐照 阵列平面光波导 折射率分布 外电场     

56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n,p)56,54Mn反应截面计算及普适性模型参数优化研究

基于中子与Fe发生反应产生“氢泡”,及“氦泡”对新型核能利用系统壁材料的影响,开展了中子诱发56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应截面计算研究工作。本工作根据现有的56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应实验数据、评价数据,对TALYS程序调用的物理模型(包括能级密度、对修正、核温度、光学势参数等)进行参数调校,得到了一组普适性强的模型参数。基于调校的参数,本工作采用核反应程序TALYS理论计算56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应的截面、能量微分截面以及双微分截面,全部数据都能与实验数据、评价数据符合较好,且适用于较宽的中子能量区间0~175 MeV。本工作提出了56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应的普适性模型参数,促进了核反应理论的发展,为核数据的评价奠定了基础。     

SBN:Cr晶体的光折变四波混频相位共轭特性实验研究

从实验上研究了同成分SBN:Cr晶体在He-Ne激光照射下的四波混频相位共轭特性.首先测量了在不同泵浦光与信号光光强比m及不同光束夹角2θ的情况下,晶体的四波混频相位共轭反射率R随泵浦光强比p的变化关系.其次测量了泵浦光束与信号光束耦合方向对SBN:Cr晶体的四波混频相位共轭特性的影响,并就两种不同掺杂浓度的晶体样品进行了对比,所得实验结果与理论分析基本一致.最后,利用SBN:Cr晶体四波混频相位共轭特性进行了图象畸变消除实验.     

SBN:Cr晶体中孤子诱导的实时平面光波导及其导光特性分析

通过数值模拟和实验对SBN:Cr晶体中的（1+1）维亮屏蔽空间孤子及其诱导的实时平面光波导的导光特性进行了研究.采用分步束传播法和Petviashvili迭代法对（1+1）维亮屏蔽空间孤子的特性进行了模拟.通过求解本征方程,对孤子诱导平面波导中存在的导波模式进行了数值求解.采用633 nm的He-Ne激光作为孤子诱导光束,532 nm的半导体泵浦的固体激光作为探测光,在固液同成分的SBN:Cr晶体中进行了实验研究.实验结果和数值模拟的结果符合的很好.而且结果表明SBN:Cr晶体中红光诱导的波导可以作为实时光波导.     

动态光散射颗粒测量中相关函数最优截断点的确定

从动态光散射信号中反演纳米颗粒粒度分布,结果准确性和重复性受测量的自相关函数数据点影响,数据点长度不同会导致不同的反演结果.为了解决该问题,提出了一种根据拟合自相关函数的均方根误差来截断自相函数的方法,该方法通过设置拟合误差阈值来自适应地选择最佳自相关函数数据点数.实验结果表明,使用均方根误差阈值方法获得的颗粒粒度分布...     

Recoil-distance lifetime measurements in 51Cr, 53Cr, 53Mn and 53Fe

Levels in ⁵¹Cr, ⁵³Cr, ⁵³Mn and ⁵³Fe were excited via (α, n) or (α, p) reactions. Using the recoil-distance method, mean-lives (in ps) have been obtained for excited states (keV) in the residual nuclei: ${}^{51}\text{Cr}\text{(2256) = 66±2,}{}^{53}\text{Cr}\text{(1536) = 21.5±3.5,}{}^{53}\text{Cr}\text{(2173) = 6.7±3.1,}{}^{53}\text{Mn}\text{(2564) = 20}{}^{\mathrm{+8}}{}_{\mathrm{?6}}\text{and}{}^{53}\text{Fe}\text{(1424) = 4.0±1.0}$. Reduced transition probabilities calculated from these values are compared with the available theoretical values.     

Level structure of 51Cr from the (d,p) reaction on 50Cr

The level structure of ⁵¹Cr is studied through the ⁵⁰Cr(d, p) reaction at E_d = 12 MeV using the Van de Graaff accelerator and multi-channel magnetic spectrograph at AERE, Harwell. A total of 174 levels was observed up to E_x ≈ 8.1 MeV. The stripping angular distributions are analysed in terms of the DWBA model with NLFR corrections. Spins, parities and spectroscopic factors are obtained for various levels and a sum rule analysis is made. Hauser-Feshbach calculations are done for the non-stripping levels and the levels showing a poor DWBA fit. Finally, the level spectrum is compared with the MBZ and MS models.     

Study of the (d, α) reaction applied to 50Cr and 52Cr

The reactions ⁵⁰Cr(d, α)⁴⁸V and ⁵²Cr(d, α)⁵⁰V have been carried out at an incident deuteron energy of 15 MeV to investigate the structure of the low-lying levels of ⁴⁸V and ⁵⁰V in the light of shell model expectations. Excitation energies and angular distributions have been measured for states up to about 1.5 MeV. For all resolved and strongly excited levels angular momentum transfers could be assigned by comparison with DWBA calculations. For ⁵⁰V spectroscopic factors have been extracted in relative units assuming pure configurations for the transferred pair of nucleons. The results indicate the existence of seniority and configuration mixing in the level structure of the ⁴⁸V and ⁵⁰V isotopes. In both reactions some transitions show characteristic deviations from the direct reaction mechanism. These deviations cannot be reproduced by the DWBA calculations.     

Inelastic scattering studies on 50Cr

The inelastic scattering of protons, deuterons, τ and α from⁵⁰Cr has been studied. Spins, parities and transition strengths have been inferred for many states. The 1.89 MeV 4⁺state is excited by a double-excitation process, but more weakly than expected for a two-phonon state. A weak 5^? state is found at 4.37 MeV, and a 5⁺ state is inferred at 3.792 MeV.     

Resonance neutron capture in 52Cr

Neutron capture γ-ray measurements have been performed upon a natural sample of Cr. Twenty-six γ-rays were observed from the 1626 eV resonance of the ⁵²Cr(n, γ)⁵³Cr reaction, and twenty-four of them were assigned to a level scheme. A value of $\text{3}\text{2}$^? was determined for the spin-parity of this resonance. The neutron separation energy, derived from a separate thermal measurement with an enriched (99.9 %) ⁵²Cr sample was determined to be 7939.1 ± 0.2 keV. The high (n, γ) (d, p) correlation found for thermal capture is absent for the p-resonance, however the γ-ray intensities from thermal and resonance capture are correlated, with r = 0.86_?0.11^+0.06.     

Measurement of the 50Cr(γ, n)49Cr cross section with monochromatic γ-rays

The ⁵⁰Cr(γ, n)⁴⁹Cr cross section has been measured over the energy range E_γ = 20.43 to E_γ = 22.22 MeV using monochromatic γ-rays from the ³H(p, γ)⁴He reaction and detecting the resulting ⁴⁹Cr positon activity. The γ-rays were monitored by a 12.7 cm × 15.2 cm NaI(Tl) crystal. The positon activity was determined by a coincidence detector consisting of two 7.62 cm × 7.62 cm NaI(Tl) crystals set on the annihilation radiation photopeaks. The γ-ray energy resolution was less than 110 keV over the whole energy range. Structure in the cross section was not observed.     

High resolution proton inelastic scattering from 50Cr

Resonances in the ⁵⁰Cr(p, p′γ) reaction were investigated with the TUNL high resolution system. All previously observed p-wave resonances between Ep = 2.00 and 3.03 MeV were studied. Measurement of the p' and the γ-ray angular distributions provides sufficient information to determine unambiguously the J-value of the resonance and the magnitude and relative phase of the inelastic decay amplitudes. Expressions are given for the appropriate angular distributions and for the transformation between the channel spin and the total angular momentum representation. Experimental results are presented for 24 p-wave resonances in ⁵¹Mn including decay amplitudes and relative phases for $\text{16}\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ resonances. Six resonances formerly assigned $\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ are reassigned $\text{3}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$. Inelastic spectroscopic factors were determined for two analogue states. Proton strength functions were evaluated from both the elastic and inelastic data.     

54Cr, 54, 58Fe, 58Ni(d,p)55Cr, 55, 59Fe, 59Ni Vector analyzing power measurements

(d, p) cross sections and vector analyzing powers have been measured at 10 MeV bombarding energy for targets ⁵⁴Cr, ⁵⁴Fe, ⁵⁸Fe and ⁵⁸Ni. The systematic behaviour of the analyzing powers with Q for states of a given J^π has been observed. Spins of a number of states in ⁵⁵Cr and ⁵⁹Fe have been deduced.     

Alpha capture to the giant dipole resonances of 42Ca, 44Ca and 52Cr

Differential cross sections for the ${}^{38}\text{Ar}\text{(α, γ}{}_0\text{)}{}^{42}\text{Ca}\text{,}{}^{40}\text{Ar}\text{(α, γ}{}_{\mathrm{0,\; 1}}\text{)}{}^{44}\text{Ca and}{}^{48}\text{Ti}\text{(α, γ}{}_{\mathrm{0,\; 1}}\text{)}{}^{52}\text{Cr}$ reactions were measured at 90° to the beam direction in 50 or 100 keV steps over the bombarding energy ranges 6.0–15.0 MeV, 5.5–11.1 MeV and 6.0–12.0 MeV respectively. Gamma-ray angular distributions were measured at forty bombarding energies. These show that the (α, γ₀) reaction proceeds through 1^? levels and to a lesser extent 2⁺ levels, whereas the (α, γ₁) reaction most probably proceeds through 1^? and 3^? levels. It is deduced that 〈Γ〉/〈D〉 ≦ 1 for the ⁴⁰Ar(α, γ)⁴⁴Ca. reaction whereas the fine structure observed in the ⁴⁸Ti(α, γ)⁵²Cr reaction is probably due to fluctuations. From a comparison with other data it is shown that the (α, γ) reaction is most probably statistical in nature. Using Hauser-Feshbach theory it is deduced that the ³⁶Ar(α, γ)⁴⁰Ca. reaction is inhibited by isospin selection rules and an estimate is made of isospin mixing in the ⁴⁰Ca giant dipole resonance. The ${}^{38}\text{Ar}\text{(α, γ)}{}^2{}^{42}\text{Ca and}{}^{40}\text{Ar}\text{(α, γ)}{}^{44}\text{Ca}$ data are considered with respect to theories of isosopin splitting of the giant dipole resonance.     

States in 53Mn from the 52Cr(p, γ)53Mn reaction

Eight resonances have been observed in the ⁵²Cr(p, γ)⁵³Mn reaction between E_p = 0.90 and 1.03 MeV. Gamma-ray spectra have been accumulated at four of the resonances. Spin assignments have been made to the resonant states on the basis of the measured angular distributions of primary γ-rays. Excitation energies and γ-ray branching ratios have been determined for 36 levels between 2.0 and 5.6 MeV. Mean lives for nine of the states have been extracted by the Doppler shift attenuation method.