气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定鸡蛋中氟虫氰及其代谢残留

建立了QuEChERS快速提取和净化样品,气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法测定鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜的方法。水和乙腈萃取、C_(18)和PSA净化样品,气相色谱分离,多反应离子监测模式测定。氟虫腈及其3种代谢物在5~400μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为1.0~2.5μg/kg;定量限为3.0~7.5μg/kg。在两个浓度水平进行加标,上述4种测定物的回收率为72.5%~95.3%,相对标准偏差为3.7%~7.5%。本方法可满足鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜残留检测的实际需要。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定鲜蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立鲜蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜残留量的气相色谱–质谱检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,用QuECHERS萃取包和氨基固相萃取柱净化,外标法定量。氟虫腈、氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜的质量浓度在0.01～0.20μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均在0.999以上,方法检出限为0.002 mg/kg。样品的加标回收率为90.8%～104.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6)。该方法具有较好的灵敏度、准确性和重复性,适用于鲜蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜残留量的测定。     

分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽肝脏中氟虫腈及其代谢物

欧洲鸡蛋污染事件爆发后,氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈亚砜残留受到人们较多关注.该研究通过优化前处理方法和色谱条件,建立了畜禽肝脏中氟虫腈及其代谢物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定分析方法.样品经10 mL乙腈提取,150 mg PSA、100 mg C18填料净化后,将提取液直接进样分析,以乙腈和水为流动相进行...     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留

建立了禽蛋、动物肌肉、内脏和蛋制品中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。在QuEChERS方法基础上,针对目标物化学性质和样品杂质情况,对提取溶液的种类、提取次数、净化材料等参数进行了优化。最终样品经乙腈提取,NaCl、无水MgSO_4盐析分层,提取液经PSA结合C_(18)进行分散固相萃取净化,以UPLC-MS/MS进行测定,基质外标法进行定量分析。结果表明,动物源性食品中氟虫腈、氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚的平均加标回收率在75.7%~104.5%之间,相对标准偏差在1.3%~10.4%之间,检出限在0.5~1.6μg/kg之间,定量限为5.0μg/kg。此方法快速、简便、灵敏度高、准确,可用于禽蛋、动物肌肉、内脏和蛋制品中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物残留的同时测定。     

方差分析两两比较法在光谱分析用块状标准样品单元内均匀性检验中的应用

<正>标准样品预期用途只使用单元的一部分,单元的表面是使用部分,应说明单元内均匀性的影响[1]。光谱分析用块状标准样品的使用区域是表面部分,因此,应对单元内的均匀性进行考察。块状标准样品的均匀性检验一般采用单因素方差分析法[2-4]、双因素方差分析法[5]或极差法[6],这些评价均匀性方     

啶虫脒固体制剂中违禁添加氟虫腈的红外光谱定量方法研究

利用红外光谱结合衰减全反射技术(Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ATR-FT-IR)对啶虫脒固体制剂中氟虫腈的含量进行快速测定。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪采集69个固体样品及其萃取液的光谱,探究不同预处理方法及变量选择方法对样品光谱的处理效果,建立固体样品及萃取液的定量分析模型。通过Kennard-Stone算法划分样本集,采用偏最小二乘法建立氟虫腈的定量模型,使用外部检验对模型进行评价。结果表明,对于固体样品,直接测定其中氟虫腈的定量模型的决定系数为0.9762,预测均方根误差(Root mean square error of prediction set, RMSEP)为0.0022;经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)萃取,上清液样品中氟虫腈定量模型的预测决定系数为0.9810, RMSEP为0.0019;对于氟虫腈含量范围在0.60%～5.00%的样品,外部检验样品预测平均相对误差(MRE)为0.08。本方法可应用于农药中违禁添加氟虫腈的现场快速检测。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速筛查禽蛋及蛋制品中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立了液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(LC-QTOF MS)测定禽蛋及蛋制品中氟虫腈及其代谢物的快速筛查方法。样品经酸性乙腈提取,PRiME HLB SPE柱净化,Poroshell 120 EC C18色谱柱(150 mm×3 mm,2.7μm)分离,以水-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,负离子模式下测定,以乙虫腈为内标定量。实验中建立了一级精确质量和二级碎片离子质谱数据库,并且对4种禽蛋及蛋制品的基质效应进行了考察。结果表明,氟虫腈及其代谢物在0.1~5μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99。方法的检出限(LOD,S/N3)和定量限(LOQ,S/N10)分别为0.2μg/kg和1μg/kg。在不同基质中,氟虫腈及其代谢物在1、2和5μg/kg的添加水平下平均加标回收率为82.6%~98.1%,相对标准偏差为3.8%~9.9%(n=6)。该方法有效消除了液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱检测过程中的离子化抑制效应,灵敏度和准确度高,适用于鸡蛋、鸡蛋面、蛋糕和蛋黄酱中氟虫腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈亚砜和氟甲腈的快速筛查。     

稳定同位素稀释超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定饲料中氟虫腈及其代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈硫醚和氟虫腈砜的方法。样品经纯水和乙腈超声提取后加入氯化钠盐析,采用QuEChERS技术净化,以Waters HSS T3 C₁₈色谱柱分离,甲醇和纯水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在多反应监测、负离子模式下进行检测,内标法定量。氟虫腈及其代谢物在各自的范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9998;氟虫腈及其代谢物的检出限和定量限分别为0.05 μg/kg和0.2 μg/kg,加标回收率为92.3%~105.4%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~2.3%（n=5）。该法样品前处理过程简单,净化效果好,灵敏度高,适用于各种饲料中氟虫腈及其代谢物含量的测定。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法快速检测鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物

建立了QuEChERS前处理技术结合气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（GC-MS/MS）分析鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的快速检测方法。样品由乙腈提取,然后经150 mg MgSO₄脱水和50 mg N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）、50 mg C18净化,采用农药残留专用柱（TR-Pesticide Ⅱ）进行气相色谱分离,以定时反应监测（timed-SRM）模式进行检测,基质曲线外标法定量。结果表明,氟虫腈及其代谢物在1.0~200 μg/L范围内呈良好线性,线性相关系数（R²）均大于0.999,定量限为0.5~1.0 μg/kg;氟虫腈及其代谢物在3个添加水平（2、5和10 μg/kg）下的加标回收率为87.8%~111.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=3）为2.0%~9.2%,该方法能满足欧盟规定的鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的残留检测限量要求。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定禽蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢产物

建立了分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测禽蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢产物氟甲腈、氟虫腈硫醚和氟虫腈砜的方法。样品用含1%(体积分数)乙酸的乙腈提取后,加无水硫酸钠、十八烷基键合硅胶(C18-N)及氨基-丙基乙二胺(NH2-PSA)3种净化剂,旋涡振荡,对样品进行净化。以Shim-pack GIST C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,2μm)进行分离,以甲醇和1 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源负离子模式和多反应检测(MRM)模式下进行定性定量分析。考察了净化剂中无水硫酸钠、C18-N和NH2-PSA的用量对加标回收率的影响,优化了实验条件。结果表明:4种化合物在0.4~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r2≥0.998 9;回收率为95.09%~103.26%;定量限为0.2μg/kg。该方法前处理简单,回收率高,重复性好,可作为禽蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢产物的有效检测方法。     

Use of a replicated Latin square design in a homogeneity test for high purity organic melting point standards

The use of a replicated Latin square design for reference material homogeneity assessment is illustrated by application to a homogeneity study of eight high-purity organic materials certified for melting point. The design controlled for both a three-level location effect and a run effect. Variance components were extracted using mixed effects modelling using a restricted maximum likelihood method. An alternative classical ANOVA calculation is also given. The effect of appreciable numerical rounding by the instrument software was investigated and shown to be acceptable for the particular example. Estimation of the scale of location and run effects showed that in this example the location effect was both statistically and practically significant, while the run effect was not statistically significant at the 95% level of confidence. The design allowed unbiased estimates of between-unit variances in the presence of both interfering effects.     

水中易释放氰化物能力验证样品的研制及应用

根据国家地表水环境质量监测网监测任务要求和环境监测的实际需要,制备了水中易释放氰化物能力验证样品。通过均匀性、稳定性检验以及量值一致性评价,研制的样品均匀性良好,在3℃~6℃冷藏避光保存条件下1年内稳定,样品配制值与多家实验室协作测定结果一致。探讨了样品在能力验证活动中的应用,共有来自全国11个省的32家实验室参加了水中易释放氰化物的能力验证计划,实验室满意率在80%以上,实验室结果出现有问题或不满意主要是由于样品前处理以及检测过程质量控制不当导致的。经检测及实验室反馈的数据验证,该能力验证样品能够应用于能力验证活动。     

Development and validation of a method for fipronil residue determination in ovine plasma using 96-well plate solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide introduced for pest control on a broad range of crops, undergoes a reinforcement of the regulation within the European Union (2007/52/EC directive) due to its potential effects on environment and human health. In order to assess the plasmatic concentrations of fipronil residues (sulfone, sulfide, fipronil, desulfinyl and amide) in ovine, a methodology based on gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed and validated according to the European standard (2002/657/EC). The proposed method allows a large number of samples to be treated concurrently (n=80) using a reduced sample amounts (0.2 mL), and consents to reach a level of quantification of 0.1 pg microL(-1). The sample preparation consisted of a single solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification on a 96-well plate filled with a styrene-divinyl-benzene phase. Linearity was demonstrated all along the investigated range of concentrations, i.e. from 0.25 to 2000 pg microL(-1), with coefficient of determination (R(2)) from 0.977 to 0.994, depending on target analytes. Calculated decision limit (CCalpha) and detection capability (CCbeta) for fipronil, sulfone and sulphide were in the range 0.05-0.16 and 0.28-0.73 pg microL(-1) respectively.     

Isochores merit the prefix 'iso'

The isochore concept in the human genome sequence was challenged in an analysis by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC). We argue here that a statement in the IHGSC's analysis concerning the existence of isochores is misleading, because the homogeneity was not examined at a large enough length scale and consequently an inappropriate statistical test was applied. A test of the existence of isochores should be equivalent to a test of homogeneity or equality of windowed GC%. The statistical test applied in the IHGSC's analysis, the binomial test, is a test of whether individual bases are independent and identically-distributed (iid). For testing the existence of isochores, or homogeneity in windowed GC%, we propose to use another statistical test: the analysis of variance (ANOVA). It can be shown that DNA sequences that are rejected by the binomial test may not be rejected by the ANOVA test.     

X射线荧光光谱法在电气石标准物质均匀性检验中的应用

采用粉末压片–X射线荧光光谱法对电气石标准物质候选物的均匀性进行检验。选择Si,Al,Mg,Fe,Ca,Na等6个元素作为检验元素,样品以随机方式进行测量,根据单因素方差分析的F值和测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD)判定样品的均匀性,并计算了检测方法的误差和样品不均匀误差。结果表明,方差检验的F计算值在0.80~1.93之间,小于F临界值1.96,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于0.9%;检测方法相对标准偏差和样品不均匀度(以RSD表示)均小于0.5%,说明制备的电气石标准物质候选物具有良好的均匀性。通过公式计算,确定最小取样量为200 mg。该方法无需湿法分解样品,绿色环保,简便快速,测定结果精密度高。     

Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis for homogeneity evaluation during the preparation of a wheat flour laboratory reference material for inorganic analysis

The development of a homogeneity study during the preparation of a wheat flour laboratory reference material (LRM) for use in the quantification of metals and metalloids is reported. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was used with validation performed using a certified reference material of wheat flour furnished by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Copper, iron, manganese, phosphor, strontium and zinc were studied in a within-bottle homogeneity test whereas barium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, strontium, phosphor and calcium were included in a between batch homogeneity study. Standard univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for all analytes. Furthermore an alternative multivariate analysis for homogeneity is proposed by performing ANOVA of principal component scores and by inspection of principal component score graphs and hierarchical cluster analysis dendrograms. The ANOVA F-tests performed on both, the univariate and multivariate parameters, were not significant at the 95% confidence level and indicated homogeneous wheat flour samples. A 10 kg amount of material was processed, which was distributed in 100 bottles, each containing 100 g. For the between-bottle homogeneity test, three replicates were taken from each of 10 bottles selected of the 100 bottles obtained. The results were evaluated using an F-test, which demonstrated no significant difference for the between-bottle results. It is indicative that this material is homogeneous. Afterwards, the influence of the sample mass on the homogeneity of the material was also evaluated by quantification of the elements for 100, 300, 500, 700 and 1000 mg sample masses with all the experiments being performed in triplicate. The F-test was also used for evaluation of these results and demonstrated that the material is homogeneous for masses taken in the 100 to 1000 mg range. All these results were further evaluated employing the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) multivariate techniques. Both techniques also demonstrated that the material is perfectly homogeneous for use as laboratory reference material.     

Uncertainty calculations in the certification of reference materials. 1. Principles of analysis of variance

 The preparation and certification of reference materials is a rapidly developing area. Many innovative reference materials have limited homogeneity and stability, and, additionally, the uncertainty estimation of the property values must be brought in agreement with the principles of the “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” (GUM). The results of the homogeneity and stability studies must be included to a certain extent in the uncertainty of the property values of the reference material, in order to comply with these requirements. The basic theory needed to accomplish this is essentially the theory of analysis of variance (ANOVA). As GUM also allows alternative evaluations other than Type A evaluations, a reinterpretation of the theory of ANOVA is necessary to establish a model for the certification of reference materials that is widely applicable. For this, analysis of variance can be used as a statistical technique to derive standard uncertainties from homogeneity, stability and characterisation data. Received: 10 May 2000 / Accepted: 29 July 2000     

玩具油漆涂层中有机锡检测能力验证样品研制及应用分析

制备了用于可迁移有机锡检测能力验证的玩具油漆涂层样品,并开展了相关测定能力验证计划,采用迭代法、四分位法和敏感分析法3种不同统计方法对23家实验室数据进行统计分析,并对不满意结果的原因进行了分析。结果表明所研制样品的均匀性和稳定性良好,能满足能力验证要求。不同统计方法对实验室能力评定结果存在差异,但指定值差异很小,而能力评定标准差差异较大,运用卡方检验能选择出更合理的统计方法。     

水产品中呋喃唑酮代谢物AOZ的检测能力验证分析

介绍了全国多个行业51家实验室参加水产品中呋喃唑酮代谢物AOZ的检测能力验证计划的情况。选用活虾药浴暂养后制得并通过均匀性F检验和稳定性t检验的虾肉糜样作为测试样品,采用稳健统计技术对试验结果进行了分析。讨论了水产品中呋喃唑酮代谢物AOZ检测的一些关键点。