多酸构筑的单分子磁体

设计合成具有单分子磁体行为的分子磁性材料近年来受到广泛关注. 合成单分子磁体的一个常用策略是利用有机多齿含氧或含氮配体将各种自旋载体组装成簇,使之具有高基态自旋值(S)和负的单轴磁各向异性值(D),进而满足形成单分子磁体所需的磁能垒. 令人感兴趣的是近年来多酸发展成为一类构筑新型单分子磁体的无机建筑基元. 多酸是一类独特的具有富氧表面、可控的尺寸、形状和电荷的无机纳米级金属氧簇,同时,一系列缺位多酸衍生物能够结合各种过渡金属或稀土离子形成多核金属簇合物. 近五年来,多酸已作为一类无机多齿含氧配体成功构筑系列具有单分子磁体行为的新型过渡金属簇合物、稀土簇合物和3d-4f杂金属簇合物. 特别是一些缺位多酸配体能够为稀土离子提供完美的配体场,进而构筑新一代的单离子磁体. 此外,高自旋、磁各向异性单元(如单分子磁体)还可被均匀分散在具有孔道特征的多酸三级结构中,形成具有单分子磁体行为的多酸基复合材料. 最近,以多酸为模板构筑具有单分子磁体行为的多核簇合物也取得了新进展. 本综述旨在对近五年来利用多酸构筑的单分子磁体化合物进行评论,重点阐述利用多酸设计合成单分子磁体的策略、多酸在单分子磁体化合物结构中的作用和优势,以及多酸构筑单分子磁体这一研究课题的发展前景.     

基于顺磁稀土离子的磁性分子材料

构建含镧系稀土金属离子的分子基磁性材料是当前分子磁学研究的重要领域之一．本文按照单稀土离子,稀土离子-稀土离子（4f-4f）相互作用体系,稀土离子．过渡金属离子（4f-3d）相互作用体系,稀土离子．自由基（4f-p）相互作用体系的顺序,介绍了含镧系稀土金属离子的单离子磁体,基于稀土金属离子,过渡金属离子和自由基多核簇的单分子磁体、单链磁体和磁有序体系的磁学性质．根据磁性分子材料中自旋载体和磁耦合性质的不同,分别用实例介绍了磁耦合、磁有序和磁驰豫性质的特点和来源．首先,本文综述了孤立的单稀土离子配合物体系的结构和磁学性质．由于稀土金属离子的4f电子具有强的旋轨耦合作用和较大的磁各向异性,所以有些单稀土离子配合物如双酞菁铽、镝等体系具有慢的磁驰豫行为,其低温下的磁滞回线呈现台阶状,被称为单离子磁体．该类分子基磁性配合物慢磁驰豫性质的来源可以用镧系稀土离子的电子自旋磁矩、轨道磁矩、核自旋磁矩之间的相互作用解释．具有场诱导缓慢磁驰豫行为的单稀土离子配合物是另一类引起关注的磁性分子材料．该类配合物在零场下交流磁化率的虚部没有峰值,而在一定的外磁场下,其交流磁化率的虚部出现峰值并具有频率依赖性．这种现象可能可以归因为体系的Kramer简并基态在外场下消除了快的磁驰豫过程,使慢的磁驰豫过程,如Orbach过程成为主导．其次,本文综述了稀土离子的4f电子之间的磁耦合作用和磁学性质．一方面,对于具有4f^7电子构型的含Gd（III）离子配合物,f电子之间的磁耦合作用主要是各向同性磁交换作用．由于4f电子能量很低,同其他稀土离子f电子之间的耦合作用被外层轨道屏蔽,所以磁耦合常数很小,无法形成磁有序的结构;另一方面,对于有强旋轨耦合作用的非4f^7电子构型的稀土离子配合物,由于理论计算和拟合上的困难,其4f电子之间的磁耦合作用的机理研究还很少．值得关注的是,有报道发现Dy3簇合物具有单分子磁体的性质,并且基态几乎是非磁的,其磁性来源主要是丰富的低激发态能谱,也就是说,一般认为的单分子磁体必须具有大的自旋基态并不是发生缓慢磁驰豫行为的必要条件．再次,本文综述了稀土金属离子一过渡金属离子簇合物的磁学性质．由于4f-3d之间的磁耦合作用要远大于4f-4f电子之间的磁耦合作用,所以此类配合物磁学性质和磁构关系的研究相对较多,其磁学性质也相对丰富．由于Gd离子和Cu离子的旋轨耦合作用较小,理论计算和磁性数据的拟合相对简单,所以对于磁构关系和磁耦合性质的研究主要集中在Gd—Cu体系．对于存在强旋轨耦合作用的其他镧系稀土离子,可能出现磁有序,慢的磁驰豫等其他磁学现象．实验上也合成了一些基于4f-3d作用的单分子磁体和单链磁体．此外,本文还综述了稀土金属离子．自由基体系的磁学性质．对于自由基与稀土金属离子之间的耦合,由于不需要通过抗磁性的其他原子,所以可能产生比4f-4f,4f-3d体系更强的磁耦合作用．实验上,也的确发现了一些具有磁有序行为的4f-自由基分子磁性材料,但磁有序主要发生在低温区．最后,对稀土分子基磁性材料研究中需要解决的问题和未来发展前景进行了展望．     

稀土单分子磁体研究进展

单分子磁体是一类纳米尺度的磁性材料,在高密度信息存储、量子比特和自旋电子器件等方面具有潜在的应用价值而备受关注.由于稀土离子具有大的磁矩和强的磁各向异性,稀土离子在高性能单分子磁体构筑方面有过渡金属离子不可比拟的优势.近年来,以单核和双核稀土单分子磁体为代表的稀土单分子磁体的研究取得了长足的进展,尤其是突破了以液氮沸点...     

单分子磁环最新进展及研究展望

与单分子磁体的定义(SMMs)相类似,单分子磁环(SMTs)定义为具有环形磁双稳态的一类分子。该类配合物的特征在于弱耦合磁矩的"涡旋"空间分布导致总磁矩为零,但是分子仍具有环形磁矩。单分子磁环为量子计算和信息存储提供了广阔的应用前景,也可以作为具有磁电耦合效应的多铁材料。自从在[Dy3]分子中首次观察到典型的单分子磁环行为以来,研究人员在合成单分子磁环方面做出了巨大的努力,致力于合成具有环形磁矩的分子以及设法将环形磁矩增强。本文将对近年报道的新兴单分子磁环配合物进行详细地分析讨论,旨在阐明影响环形磁矩排列的因素以及单分子磁环配合物的综合设计策略,指导探索合成具有增强环形磁矩的单分子磁环配合物。     

稀土单分子磁体

单分子磁体因其磁性双稳态和慢弛豫机制而在超高密度存储材料、自旋电子器件等领域具有潜在的应用. 稀土单分子磁体因为具有较大的磁矩和磁各向异性而成为近年来研究的热点话题. 目前有关稀土单分子磁体的综述都主要集中在它们的合成、结构及磁性能, 而在其它性质方面缺少深入而系统的研究. 因此, 本论文结合现有的研究成果, 围绕稀土单分子磁体的高翻转能垒、复杂的多弛豫机制、可调控的磁性以及多功能材料的四个特点进行了综述, 旨在更好的理解稀土单分子磁体的物理、化学本质, 为稀土单分子磁体的设计与调控提供思路.     

配合物[Cr3（μ3-O）（Tc）6（H2O）3]·（NO3）·4H2O的水热合成及晶体结构

0 引言 通过有限个过渡金属离子如Fe,Ni,Cr,Mn与O、OH、-O或-O2CR等桥联原子或基团键合形成的具有不同尺寸的环形轮状金属离子簇合物或分子簇合物是近年来的研究热点之一。它们不仅具有独特的结构,而且在催化、非线性光学、分子自组装等方面具有潜在的应用价值。特别是具有三角型结构的过渡金属-氧轮簇化合物由于可以作为单分子磁体的磁性交换和电子耦合的研究体系,     

稀土单分子磁体的研究进展

在信息存储和量子计算方面具有广阔应用前景的单分子磁体及相关研究中,应用各向异性显著的稀土离子以期提高单分子磁体自旋翻转能垒的研究倍受关注。 本文综述了稀土单分子磁体的研究进展,并着重介绍了单核、三核及四核镝配合物单分子磁体的磁学性质。     

脱水对六核锰单分子磁体磁性的影响

以水杨醛肟和Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O为原料,合成了一个新的六核锰簇合物[Mn6O2(CH3COO)2(salox)6(H2O)4].10H2O(salox2-表示负二价的水杨醛肟),对其进行了单晶X射线衍射分析及脱水前后样品的直流和交流磁性测试。结果表明,该簇合物是一个反铁磁性单分子磁体,脱水使得六核锰簇内的反铁磁作用增强,磁弛豫能垒下降,但簇合物仍保持单分子磁体的性质。     

单分子磁体研究的最新进展

宏观上表现出可测的慢磁弛豫行为的单个分子称为单分子磁体,它主要包括过渡金属单分子磁体和稀土单分子磁体,其在量子计算、高密度信息存储以及自旋器件等方面的潜在应用吸引了研究者的广泛关注.本文介绍了单分子磁体研究的最新进展,重点总结了构筑高性能单分子磁体的合成策略.     

稀土-钛氧簇合物的研究进展

稀土-钛氧簇合物作为团簇化学的一个新分支,不但结合了稀土和钛离子的特性,而且由于二者的协同效应而表现出优异的光、电、磁和催化性能.本文综合评述了不同配体稀土-钛氧簇合物的合成与结构,介绍了稀土-钛氧簇合物的代表性成果,并对其合成策略和发展前景进行了总结和展望.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.