A Taylor–Wiles System for Quaternionic Hecke Algebras

Let &ell >3 be a prime. Fix a regular character of F&^{2 ×} of order &–1, and an integer M prime to &. Let fS ₂(₀(M&²)) be a newform which is supercuspidal of type at &. For an indefinite quaternion algebra over Q of discriminant dividing the level of f, there is a local quaternionic Hecke algebra T of type associated to f. The algebra T acts on a quaternionic cohomological module M. We construct a Taylor–Wiles system for M, and prove that T is the universal object for a deformation problem (of type at & and semi-stable outside) of the Galois representation ¯ _f over F¯_& associated to f; that T is complete intersection and that the module M is free of rank 2 over T. We deduce a relation between the quaternionic congruence ideal of type for f and the classical one.     

The intersection of complete geodesics on <Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript> with positive curvature

Let M be a Riemannian manifold. A complete geodesic on M means that :(-,+)M is a normalized geodesic. In this paper, we prove that on (S²,g) with positive curvature, any two complete geodesics must intersect an infinite number of times, and a complete geodesic must self-intersect an infinite number of times. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 53C40 (53C22)     

The Kronecker Product of Schur Functions Indexed by Two-Row Shapes or Hook Shapes

The Kronecker product of two Schur functions s and s , denoted by s * s , is the Frobenius characteristic of the tensor product of the irreducible representations of the symmetric group corresponding to the partitions and . The coefficient of s in this product is denoted by , and corresponds to the multiplicity of the irreducible character in .We use Sergeev's Formula for a Schur function of a difference of two alphabets and the comultiplication expansion for s [XY] to find closed formulas for the Kronecker coefficients when is an arbitrary shape and and are hook shapes or two-row shapes.Remmel (J.B. Remmel, J. Algebra 120 (1989), 100–118; Discrete Math. 99 (1992), 265–287) and Remmel and Whitehead (J.B. Remmel and T. Whitehead, Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stiven 1 (1994), 649–683) derived some closed formulas for the Kronecker product of Schur functions indexed by two-row shapes or hook shapes using a different approach. We believe that the approach of this paper is more natural. The formulas obtained are simpler and reflect the symmetry of the Kronecker product.     

The cohomology of homotopy categories and the general linear group

A homotopy categoryC (of co-H-groups resp.H-groups) represents an element C in the third cohomology ofC. This element determines all Toda brackets and secondary homotopy operations inC. Moreover, in caseC =VS ⁿ consists of all one-point unions ofn-spheres, the bracket is actually a /2-generator which restricts to Igusa's class(1) in casen3; an explicit new cocycle for(1) is obtained by automorphisms of free nil(2)-groups.     

The crossing number of posets

The purpose of this paper is to investigate some properties of the crossing number (P) of a posetP. We first study the crossing numbers of the product and the lexicographical sum of posets. The results are similar to the dimensions of these posets. Then we consider the problem of what happens to the crossing number when a point is taken away from a poset. We show that ifP is a poset such that P and (P–)1, then 1/2 (P)(P–)(P). We don't know yet how to improve the lower bound. We also determine the crossing numbers of some subposets of the Boolean latticeB _n which consist of some specified ranks. Finally we show that _n is crossing critical where _n is the subposet ofB _n which is restricted to rank 1, rankn–1 and middle rank(s). Some open problems are raised at the end of this paper.     

The central limit theorem for Chébli-Trimèche hypergroups

Let (S _nn>-1) be a random walk on a hypergroup ( ₊ , *), i.e., a Markov chain with transition kernelN(x, A) = _x * (A), where is a fixed probability measure on ₊ such that the second moment exists. Then depending on the growth of the hypergroup two situations can occur: when ( ₊ , *) is of exponential growth then it is shown thatS _n is asymptotically normal. In the case of polynomial growth {more precisely, if the densityA of the Haar measure of ( ₊ , *) satisfies lim[A()/A()]=}, the normalized variablesS _n/[n Var()/(+1)]^1/2 converge to a Rayleigh distribution with parameter .     

Matrix functions with arbitrarily prescribed left and right partial indices

We prove that ifn2 and , are two given vectors inZ ⁿ, then there exists a matrix function inL ^n×n (T) which has a right Wiener-Hopf factorization inL ² with the partial indices and a left Wiener-Hopf factorization inL ² with the partial indices .     

On Conjectures of Mathai and Borel

Mathai has conjectured that the Cheeger–Gromov invariant ₍₂₎ = ₍₂₎ - is a homotopy invariant of closed manifolds with torsion-free fundamental group. In this paper we prove this statement for closed manifolds M when the rational Borel conjecture is known for = ₁(M), i.e. the assembly map : H _*(B, ) L_*() is an isomorphism. Our discussion evokes the theory of intersection homology and results related to the higher signature problem.     

Simplexes with Prescribed Edge Lengths in Minkowski and Banach Spaces

Existence of even a single regular d-simplex in an arbitrary Minkowski space M ^d of dimension d 4 is questionable. At least, for any d 4 there is an example of M ^d with four equidistant points in it which cannot be augmented by any fifth such point. At the same time, regular tetrahedra in M ^d , d 3, and regular triangles in M ^d , d 2, can be constructed as freely as in E ^d . Suppose that the Banach-Mazur distance between the unit balls of M ^d and E ^d satisfies

Edge Coloring of Embedded Graphs with Large Girth

Let G be a simple graph embedded in the surface of Euler characteristic ()0. Denote _e(G), and g the edge chromatic number, the maximum degree and the girth of the graph G, respectively. The paper shows that _e(G)= if 5 and g4, or 4 and g5, or 3 and g9. In addition, if ()>0, then _e(G)= if 3 and g8. Acknowledgments.The authors would like to thank Dr. C.Q. Zhang for carefully reading several versions of this paper during its preparation and for suggesting several stylistic changes that have improved the overall presentation.     

Derivatives of the Spectral Function and Sobolev Norms of Eigenfunctions on a Closed Riemannian Manifold

Let e(x, y, ) be the spectral function and the unit spectral projection operator, with respect to the Laplace–Beltrami operator on a closed Riemannian manifold M. We generalize the one-term asymptotic expansion of e(x, x, ) by Hörmander (Acta Math. 88 (1968), 341–370) to that of _{x y} e(x,y,)| _x=y for any multiindices , in a sufficiently small geodesic normal coordinate chart of M. Moreover, we extend the sharp (L ²,L ^p) (2 p) estimates of by Sogge (J. Funct. Anal. 77 (1988), 123–134; London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser. 137, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989; Vol. 1, pp. 416–422) to the sharp (L ², Sobolev L ^p) estimates of .     

Circular Chromatic Number and Mycielski Graphs

As a natural generalization of graph coloring, Vince introduced the star chromatic number of a graph G and denoted it by ^*(G). Later, Zhu called it circular chromatic number and denoted it by _c(G). Let (G) be the chromatic number of G. In this paper, it is shown that if the complement of G is non-hamiltonian, then _c(G)=(G). Denote by M(G) the Mycielski graph of G. Recursively define M^m(G)=M(M^m–1(G)). It was conjectured that if mn–2, then _c(M^m(K_n))=(M^m(K_n)). Suppose that G is a graph on n vertices. We prove that if , then _c(M(G))=(M(G)). Let S be the set of vertices of degree n–1 in G. It is proved that if |S| 3, then _c(M(G))=(M(G)), and if |S| 5, then _c(M²(G))=(M²(G)), which implies the known results of Chang, Huang, and Zhu that if n3, _c(M(K_n))=(M(K_n)), and if n5, then _c(M²(K_n))=(M²(K_n)).* Research supported by Grants from National Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

The Length of the Longest Head-Run in a Model with Long Range Dependence

In this paper, we construct stationary sequences of random variables { _i : i0} taking values ±1 with probability 1/2 and we prove an Erdös–Rényi law of large numbers for the length of the longest run of consecutive +1's in the sample {₀,..., _n }. Our model, which is called random walk in random scenery, exhibits long-range, positive dependence.     

On the strongly spherical Sasakian metric of a spherical tangent bundle

Let Mⁿ denote an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold. Its metric is called -strongly spherical if at every point Q Mⁿ there exists a -dimensional subspace _Q T_QMⁿ such that the curvature operator of the metric of Mⁿ satisfies R(X, Y) Z = k(< Y, Z > X < X, Z > Y), where k = const > 0, Y _Q , X, Z #x2208; T_QMⁿ. The number is called the index of sphericity and k the exponent of sphericity. The following theorems are proved in the paper.THEOREM 1. Let the Sasakian metric of T₁Mⁿ be -strongly spherical with exponent of sphericity k. The following assertions hold: a) = 1 if and only if M² has constant Gaussian curvature K 1 and k = K²/4; b) = 3 if and only if M² has constant curvature K = 1 and k = 1/4; c) = 0, otherwise.THEOREM 2. Let the Sasakian metric of T₁Mⁿ (n Mⁿ) be -strongly spherical with exponent of sphericity k. If k > 1/3 and k 1, then = 0. Let us denote by (Mⁿ, K) a space of constant curvatureK. THEOREM 3. Let the Sasakian metric of T₁(Mⁿ, K) (n 3) be -strongly spherical with exponent of sphericity k. The following assertions hold: a) = 1 if and only if K = 1/4; b) = 0, otherwise. In dimension n = 3 Theorem 2 is true for k {1/4, 1}.Translated from Ukrainskii Geometricheskii Sbornik, No. 35, pp. 150–159, 1992.     

Colouring finite incidence structures

One of our results: Let denote a finite projective plane of ordern. Colour its vertices by colours. If no colour appears more than twice on any of the lines, then n + 1. Explicit constructions show that this bound is sharp when is desarguesian.     

A commutativity criterion for certain algebras of invariant differential operators on nilpotent homogeneous spaces

Let G be a connected, simply connected real nilpotent Lie group with Lie algebra , H a connected closed subgroup of G with Lie algebra and f a linear form on satisfying f([, ]) = {0} Let _f be the unitary character of H with differential at the origin. Let _f be the unitary representation of G induced from the character _f of H. We consider the algebra (, , f) of differential operators invariant under the action of G on the bundle with basis G/H associated to these data. We show that (, , f) is commutative if and only if _f is of finite multiplicities. This proves a conjecture of Corwin-Greenleaf and Duflo. Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):43A80, 43A85, 22E25, 22E27, 22E30UMR n 7539 du CNRS, Analyse, Géométrie et Applications.UMR n 7586 du CNRS, Théorie des Groupes, Représentations, Applications.     

On the discrete mean square of Dirichlet <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis>-functions at 1

There have been many results obtained so far for the mean square of the (absolute) value of the Dirichlet L-function L(s,) in the critical strip 0<<1, especially on the critical line , but relatively few results were known for discrete mean value of |L(1,)|² till W. Zhang had published papers improving the error term step by step, which have recently been superseded by M. Katsurada and K.Matsumoto in which they succeeded in deriving an asymptotic formula for ₀|L(1,)|². The object of our paper is to point out a structural property contained in the formation of the mean square, to find out the niryana–the true body of the above sum.Dedicated to Professor Jean Louis Nicolás on his sixtieth birthdayin final form: 7 October 2003     

An algebraic test forA 0-stability

The stability of a large class of numerical methods to solve initial value problems of ordinary differential equations is governed by a two-variable polynomial (,) when the method is applied toy'=qy. Here=hq, whereh is the stepsize. This class of methods includes Runge-Kutta methods, linear multistep methods, predictor-corrector methods, composite multistep methods and linear multistep-multiderivative methods. An algebraic test is given to determineA ₀-stability of such methods in a finite number of operations (additions, subtractions, multiplications and divisions). It is shown that the number of multiplications and divisions is of order 1/8²(⁴ +O(³)), where is the degree of (,) in the variable and the degree in the variable. The test has been implemented for multistep-multiderivative methods in a symbol manipulation language. For Enright's second derivativek-step methods it is proved that the methods areA ₀-stable if and only ifk<8.Supported by the Swiss National Foundation Grant No. 82.524.077. On leave from Institute of Mathematics, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-463 Germany.     

Simultaneous Nonvanishing of Twists of Automorphic L-Functions

Given three distinct primitive complex characters ₁,₂,₃ satisfying some technical conditions, we prove that the triple product of twisted L-functions L(f·₁,1/2) L(f·₂,1/2) L(f·₃,1/2) does not vanish for a positive proportion of weight 2 primitive forms for ₀(q), when q goes to infinity through the set of prime numbers. This result, together with some variants, implies the existence of quotients of J ₀(q) of large dimension satisfying the Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture over cyclic number fields of degree less than 5.P.M. is partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-97-2992 and by the Ellentuck fund (by grants to the Institute for Advanced Study) and by the Institut Universitaire de France.     

Singularities of the Green function of a random walk on a discrete group

LetX be a countable discrete group and let be an irreducible probability onX. The radius of convergence of the Green function is finite, and independent ofx. Let 0} \right\}$$ " align="middle" border="0"> be the period of . We show that for eachxX the singularities of the analytic functionzG(x; z) on the circle {z:|z|=} are precisely the points e ^2ik/d k=0, ...,d–1. In particular, is the only singularity on the circle in the aperiodic cased=1 (which occurs, for example, when (e)>0). This affirms a conjecture ofLalley [5]. When is symmetric, i.e., (x ^–1)=(x) for allxX, d is either 1 or 2. As another particular case of our result, we see that- is then a singularity ofzG (x; z) if and only ifd=2, in which caseX is bicolored. This answers a question ofde la Harpe, Robertson andValette [2].