非轴对称扰动下含悬浮固粒旋转射流场稳定性研究

考虑含有悬浮固粒的理想不可压旋转圆射流的运动方程，借助势流理论推得扰动增长率随径向波数变化的表达式，进而得到含悬浮固粒射流稳定性的修正瑞利稳定性准则，求出了非轴对称扰动下不同扰动阶数、固粒质量密度、固－气脉动速度比值、固－气脉动速度相位差、斯托克斯数时旋转射流的增长率曲线。然后根据修正瑞利稳定性准则分析给出了关于悬浮固粒的属性对旋转射流场稳定性影响的几个重要结论，为控制旋转射流场和后续发展提供了合理的依据。     

含悬浮固粒的旋转射流剪切层稳定性研究

本文在理想不可压旋转圆射流的运动方程中添加了固粒作用项，由此推得了时间增长率的表达式，进而得关于含悬浮固粒放置射流稳定性的修正瑞利稳定性准则，求出了不同固粒质量密度固－气脉动速度比值，固气脉动速度相位差及Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ数情况下旋转射流场的增长率与径向空间波数的关系曲线，在比较这些曲线的基础上，给出了关于固粒属性对旋转射流场稳定性影响的几个重要结论为控制旋转射流场和后续发展提供了依据。     

气固两相混合层二维涡配对的数值研究

采用双向耦合模型中的速度耦合模型,数值模拟了气固两相混合层中涡的配对、合并过程,文中采用拟谱方法对流场进行了直接数值模拟,用Lagrange模型跟踪固粒,结果发现,在双向耦合过程中Stokes数仍然是重要的参数,但不是唯一影响流场的参数,流场的发展还与固粒的体积浓度、固粒的相对密度以及固粒大小等因素有关。固粒抑制流场的发展,阻碍涡的配对、合并,加快了涡量的扩散;小St数的固粒仍然跟随流体运动,大St数的固粒趋向于低涡量区的趋势减弱。     

气固两相混合层固粒分布特性的分数维方法描述

本文对气固两相混合层中固粒的运动进行了数值模拟，得到了不同Ｓｔ数下，涡卷起和配对过程中固粒的分布特性，计算了不同时刻固粒分布的相关维数，说明分数维是一个可用来定量描述固粒分布均匀程度的重要参数，Ｓｔ数为１０的数量级时，对应最小的相关维数，固粒分布最不均匀，研究结果对控制固粒的均匀程度具有指导意义。     

气固两相边界层中固粒与拟序结构相互作用的研究

本文对气固两相边界层中固体颗粒与拟序结构的相互作用进行了研究，建立了基于速度修正的双向耦合模型，提出了计算固粒对流场反作用的新方法以及大大减少计算量的快速涡方法，并据此得到了边界气固两相之间的相互作用结果。     

气固两相流场的湍流颗粒浓度理论模型

本文进行了气固两相流动颗粒湍流扩散现象的理论分析，提出了颗粒湍流扩散系数和气流弥散效应二个颗粒湍流模化新概念，在此基础上建立了气固两相流场湍流颗粒浓度模型。理论模型包括离心力和其它外加力场作用下颗粒运动和浓度分布的计算方法。运用湍流颗粒浓度模型，对直管气固两相流动、受限射流气固两相流动和９０°弯管气固两相流动等三种流动做了数值模拟，计算获得颗粒速度、颗粒浓度等主要流动参数。讨论了湍流颗粒浓度模型的适用性。     

气固耦合振动叶栅非定常流动分析研究

引入结构动力学方程建立了二维N-S/结构振动耦合方程组,采用双时间法建立了气固耦合方程组的非定常数值求解体系,研究了叶栅间的二维非定常粘性流动及叶栅振动特性。对两种叶型分别计算了不同折合振动频率下的流场,振动叶栅位移随时间变化的曲线表明,采用气固耦合得到的叶栅振动频率与非耦合自振频率相比均有所下降;振动位移-时间曲线在不同振动折合频率下有显著差别。在气固耦合情况下叶栅振动规律及其稳定性与非耦合情形差异较大,因此研究叶栅振动稳定性应当考虑气动/结构的耦合。     

空间模式下可压缩气固两相混合层流动特性研究

采用Euler-Lagrange颗粒-轨道双向耦合模型对空间模式下含有固粒的二维可压缩混合层流场进行了研究。气相流场采用具有空间三阶精度的WNND格式进行数值模拟,固相方程采用单边三点差分离散。在考虑流场对固粒作用的同时,也计及了固粒对流场的反作用。在对流马赫数为0.5时,研究了颗粒相对密度、颗粒尺寸、Stokes数等因素对粒子运动和流场结构的影响。研究结果表明:在可压缩空间模式混合层中,固粒的Stokes数仍然是主要影响参数之一;相同Stokes数下不同密度的固粒对流场的干扰不同,轻固粒对流场的干扰明显要小。     

强旋湍流气－固两相流动的颗粒随机轨道法模拟

应用颗粒随机轨道模型，并与一种新的代数Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ应力模型相结合，对新型煤粉涡旋燃烧炉内强旋湍流气。固两相流动进行了数值模拟。得到了与实验相符合的颗粒相密度分布和质量流分布。计算结果表明，在涡旋燃烧炉内的强旋湍流流场中，外壁附近颗粒浓度最高，颗粒停留时间加长，气－固两相间滑移速度增大。     

超临界CO2磨料射流流场影响因素的模拟分析

为了揭示超临界CO₂磨料射流流场特性,利用计算流体动力学模拟软件,对超临界CO₂磨料射流结构及不同因素对射流流场的影响规律进行了研究。结果表明:超临界CO₂磨料射流轴向速度和冲击力随着喷距的增大,先增大后减小,即存在最优喷距,喷射压差为10~30 MPa时最优喷距为3~6倍喷嘴直径;喷射压差一定时,围压由10 MPa增至30 MPa对射流速度场及液相冲击力会造成较小的负面影响。通过超临界CO₂射流破岩实验对上述2因素进行了辅助对比验证;流体温度由333 K增至413 K,固液两相轴向速度增大,而流体密度降低,导致液相冲击力减弱;磨料浓度由3.0%连续增至11.0%,射流固液两相轴向速度逐渐降低,降幅逐渐减小。     

Research on stability of interface of jet containing suspended solid particles

Ｎｏｍｅｎｃｌａｔｕｒｅ　αｓ:ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｖｏｌｕｍｅｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ;　ｕｇ:ｇａｓｉｎｓｔａｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｖｅｃｔｏｒ;　ｕｓ:ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｉｎｓｔａｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｖｅｃｔｏｒ;　Ｕ :ｍｅａｎａｘｉａｌｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆｔｗｏ＿ｐｈａｓｅｊｅｔ;　Ｕ0 :ｘ＿ａｘｉａｌｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｅｘｉｔ,ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｖｅ ｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆｆｌｏｗ＿ｆｉｅｌｄ;　ｐ:ｉｎｓｔａｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓｆｌｏｗ＿ｆｉｅｌｄｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ;　 ｐ:ｍｅａｎ…     

Flow of a mixture of gas and solid particles in supersonic underexpanded jets

The presence of a second phase in a gas jet flowing out of a nozzle leads to considerable changes in the flow pattern [1–3]. Thus, as the particle concentration increases, the central jump in compression [shock wave] moves in the direction of the nozzle cutoff, while the Mach number on the axis of the jet in front of the forward jump diminishes. In this paper we shall consider the numerical solution of the problem of an axisymmetrical, two-phase, underexpanded jet flowing out of a straight nozzle into a submerged space. It is assumed that the distribution of the flow parameters is uniform over the jet cross section and that no thermal or dynamic retardation of the particles occurs.     

An experimental study of the liquid film on a vertical wire under the action of an impinging annular jet

The liquid film remaining on a wire withdrawn from a liquid bath and forced through an annular jet is experimentally investigated on a dedicated facility. An optical laser-based technique recently introduced to study liquid-film instabilities on small-radius cylinders allows the measurement of the mean final thickness and wave characteristics. Experimental results are compared to analytical predictions obtained with a simple model specifically derived for this configuration and based on liquid-film properties (density, viscosity and surface tension) and operating parameters (wire speed, nozzle dimensions and stagnation pressure). Such a model relies on the knowledge of pressure-gradient and wall shear-stress distributions generated by the annular jet radially impinging on the cylinder. Different correlations providing the maxima of these profiles are employed and, after some improvements to the original “knife” model, the mean final thickness is correctly predicted. Successful results are obtained, also, using a simple expression derived from the LLD theory. The experimental measurement of surface-perturbation features (wave amplitude, wavelength and amplification factor) as a function of the operating parameters leads to some important conclusions that could have a remarkable and direct influence on the industrial process of wire coating.     

Research on stability of moving jet containing dense suspended solid particles

Ｎｏｍｅｎｃｌａｔｕｒｅαｊ:ｐｈａｓｅｊｖｏｌｕｍｅｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ;ｕｊ:ｐｈａｓｅｊｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｖｅｃｔｏｒ;Ｕ :ｍｅａｎｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｖｅｃｔｏｒ;Ｕ :ｍｅａｎａｘｉａｌｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ;Ｕｏ:ｍｅａｎｘ＿ａｘｉａｌｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｅｘｉｔ;Ｕ∞ :ｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆｊｅｔｔｉｎｇｄｅｖｉｃｅ;ΔＵ :ｊｕｍｐｉｎｇｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆｍｏｖｉｎｇｊｅｔ,ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆｆｌｏｗ＿ｆｉｅｌｄ ,ΔＵ =Ｕｏ-Ｕ∞ ;ｐ:ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ;Ｐ :ｅｉｇｅｎｐｒｅｓ…     

Flow instability of nanofuilds in jet

The flow instability of nanofluids in a jet is studied numerically under various shape factors of the velocity profile, Reynolds numbers, nanoparticle mass loadings,Knudsen numbers, and Stokes numbers. The numerical results are compared with the available theoretical results for validation. The results show that the presence of nanoparticles enhances the flow stability, and there exists a critical particle mass loading beyond which the flow is stable. As the shape factor of the velocity profile and the Reynolds number increase, the flow becomes more unstable. However, the flow becomes more stable with the increase of the particle mass loading. The wavenumber corresponding to the maximum of wave amplification becomes large with the increase of the shape factor of the velocity profile, and with the decrease of the particle mass loading and the Reynolds number. The variations of wave amplification with the Stokes number and the Knudsen number are not monotonic increasing or decreasing, and there exists a critical Stokes number and a Knudsen number with which the flow is relatively stable and most unstable,respectively, when other parameters remain unchanged. The perturbation with the first azimuthal mode makes the flow unstable more easily than that with the axisymmetric azimuthal mode. The wavenumbers corresponding to the maximum of wave amplification are more concentrated for the perturbation with the axisymmetric azimuthal mode.     

水击驻波场中分散相颗粒的运动分析

根据水击在管段内形成的驻波场现象,分析了流体内分散相颗粒受到的驻波作用力;运用李雅普诺夫稳定判据研究了颗粒积聚与分离的机理;考虑到颗粒运动方程的严重刚性而很难进行数值求解,采用相空间和非对称分析方法获得了分散相颗粒的运动轨迹近似解,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:水击驻波场中分散相颗粒的受力方程中惯性项对颗粒初始运动速率的影响不可忽略;在水击驻波波节的±λ/4范围内,分散相颗粒经过一定的时间会发生积聚,其运动速度呈对称分布,最大速度出现在3λ/8位置处;随着分散相颗粒粒径和密度等物性参数以及水击驻波的频率和连续相初始速度的增大,颗粒达到平衡位置的时间呈减小趋势,且连续相的初始速度对颗粒到达波节时间的影响显著。     

The structure of particle-laden,underexpanded free jets

Underexpanded, supersonic gas-particle jets were experimentally studied using the shadowgraph technique in order to examine the influence of the dispersed particles on the shape of the free jet and the structure of the imbedded shock waves. The particle mass loading at the nozzle exit was varied between zero and one, and two sizes of particles (i.e. spherical glass beads) with mean number diameters of 26 and 45 m were used. It was found that the Mach-disc moves upstream towards the orifice with increasing particle loading. The laser light sheet technique was also used to visualize the particle concentration distribution within the particle jet and the spreading rate of the particle jet. Furthermore, the particle velocity along the jet centerline was measured with a modified laser-Doppler anemometer. These measurements revealed that the particles move considerably slower than the gas flow at the nozzle exit. This is mainly the result of the particle inertia, whereby the particles are not accelerated to sonic speed in the converging part of the nozzle.In order to further explore the particle behavior in the free jet, numerical studies were performed by a combined Eulerian/Lagrangian approach for the gas and particle phases, including full coupling between the two phases. The numerical results showed that the application of different particle velocities at the nozzle exit as the inlet conditions, which were below the sonic speed of the gas phase has a significant influence on the free jet shape and the configuration of the shock waves. These results demonstrate that the assumption of equilibrium flow (i.e. zero slip between the phases) at the nozzle exit which has been applied in most of the previous numerical studies is not justified in most cases. Furthermore, the numerical calculations of the free jet shape and the particle velocity along the jet axis were compared with the measurements. Although correlations for rarefaction and compressibility effects in the drag coefficient were taken into account, the particle velocity along the center line was considerably overpredicted.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.     

两相流中密度波现象的研究及进展

密度波（又称连续波、空隙度波、运动学波）是两相流中的特殊现象，本文评述两相流密度波理论的主要研究进展，这些理论不仅研究了线性密度波和非线性密度波的特性，还研究了气液两相流的流型转变与密度波的关系，流化床中气塞的形成和床层的塌陷现象与密度波的关系等．同时介绍试验和理论研究在密度波的波速、频率、稳定性和色散性等方面取得的主要结论．最后指出密度波的理论和试验研究尚需进一步解决的问题．     

Three-dimensional numerical study of jet-in-crossflow characteristics at low Reynolds number

A numerical study of a square jet in a cross flow is carried out at a Reynolds number of 100. The flow field and heat transfer characteristic downstream of the jet have been explored by solving three-dimensional unsteady Navier–Stokes equations and energy equation using higher order spatial and temporal discretization. The projection of vortical structure on a plane is seen to give the component of vortex normal to the plane. Four combinations of velocity profile namely (1) uniform crossflow and uniform jet, (2) laminar boundary layer crossflow and uniform jet, (3) uniform crossflow and parabolic jet profile, and (4) laminar boundary layer crossflow and parabolic jet are compared at same phase to see their effect on the flow field and heat transfer characteristic. All the four cases are seen to exhibit unsteadiness but the jet with parabolic profile is seen to show stronger unsteadiness. The instantaneous vortical structures of all the cases at the same phase show that the structures are more complex for the jet with parabolic velocity profile. The temperature field is seen to be correlated with the vortical structures. Comparison of the time averaged flow field reveals that the jet penetration is the highest for the jet having parabolic profile and boundary layer crossflow. The adiabatic effectiveness is observed to be more for the jet with uniform velocity profile and uniform crossflow and was least for the jet with parabolic velocity profile and boundary layer crossflow.     

Determination of the particle velocity,size, and distribution function along the diameters in a two-phase jet

A method for simultaneous determination of the particle size and velocity in a supersonic, two-phase luminescent jet consisting of a gas phase and the particles is considered. The jet is subjected to external transverse blowing by a hypersonic gas stream in two modes under whose effect it separates into the gas phase and a particle stream. The particle trajectories were determined by photography. A comparison between the theoretically computed and the experimental trajectories permits determination of the particle diameter and velocity. The particle distribution function over the diameters was found by means of the light intensity emitted by the stream of particles.