基于白光频域干涉的大台阶高度测量方法

基于白光频域干涉的基本原理,提出了一种可实现高分辨率和大台阶高度测量的方法,利用该方法进行台阶高度测量时,其测量范围取决于所用干涉光源的中心波长和光谱仪的分辨率,可达mm量级。在原理验证性实验中,利用该方法已经实现了最大高度为298.57 m的台阶高度测量,多次重复测量的标准偏差不超过0.03 m,最大均方根误差为0.94 m,实验测量结果与台阶高度真实值具有很好的一致性。     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Ultra low head–disk spacing measurement using dual beam polarisation interferometry

In this paper, a dual-beam normal incidence polarisation interferometer is proposed to measure the flying height or head–disk spacing. Using this interferometer, the head–disk spacing can be measured both in magnetic real disk condition and in glass disk condition. It has the advantage of both the currently popular intensity interferometry method and the oblique incidence polarisation interferometry method. With this polarisation interferometer, not only the flying height can be measured down to contact without losing accuracy, but the pitch and roll of the head-slider can also be detected dynamically. The optical parameters of the head-slider can also be determined. Design details and experimental study are presented.     

Wedge plate interferometry: a new dual field configuration for collimation testing

A method of deriving a dual field fringe pattern from a single wedge plate for collimation testing is presented. The proposed technique uses a wedge plate and a 90° prism retroreflector to form two interference fields. With the two sets of fringes, the technique provides twofold increase in sensitivity and has its own reference.     

A refractive index interferometry method based on the X-ray crystallography

The absorption contrast image is very low for those weakly absorbing materials or weak phase object, such as the soft biological tissues, however, the phase item value of refractive index is a thousand larger than the absorption item, therefore the refractive index interferometry method is expected to be a new imaging tool for them. An interferometry method based on the X-ray crystallography is explored to the measurement of refractive index in this paper. The theoretical foundation, the optical design, the crystal transistor performance are the key parts to this interferometry method based on the X-ray crystallography. We give out a special refractive index detection scheme, using a laboratory hard X-ray source, and four single Si crystals. With this instrument, refractive index profile of those weak phase object can be unfolded accurately using this method. This refractive index interferometry method based on the X-ray crystallography will provide a new research tool for those special material properties or biological tissues study.     

Polarisation mode dispersion correlations with the coarse-step method

Having a fixed differential-group delay (DGD) term b′ in the coarse-step method results in a repetitive pattern in the autocorrelation function (ACF). We solve this problem by inserting a varying DGD term at each integration step. Furthermore we compute the range of values needed for b′ and simulate the phenomenon of polarisation mode dispersion for different statistical distributions of b′. We examine systematically the modified coarse-step method compared to the analytical model, through our simulation results.     

Measurement of impurity and temperature variations in water by interferometry technique

Refractive index is an important optical parameter of liquids, which is temperature, concentration and wavelength-dependent. Therefore, precise measurement of refractive index variation can be used for precise determination of the above parameters. In this paper a laser-based interferometry technique was introduced for accurate measuring of the refractive index variation due to temperature, and concentration changes. Distilled water was used as a test liquid sample, however the technique can be applied for any similar liquids. The concentration variations of distilled water due to three different impurities i.e. ethanol, salt water and tap water were examined. The technique gives measurement for concentration and temperature variations typically at the order ∼10⁻⁴(g/l)⁻¹ and 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ respectively. The results show the variations of refractive index with respect to temperature or concentration can be measured typically with an accuracy of ∼6%, and 10% respectively. The method is useful for fast and precise monitoring of temperature and concentration variations in transparent liquids.     

Remote and high precision step height measurement with an optical fiber multiplexing interferometric system

An optical fiber multiplexing low coherence and high coherence interferometric system, which includes a Fizeau interferometer as the sensing element and a Michelson interferometer as the demodulating element, is designed for remote and high precision step height measurement. The Fizeau interferometer is placed in the remote field for sensing the measurand, while the Michelson interferometer which works in both modes of low coherence interferometry and high coherence interferometry is employed for demodulating the measurand. The range of the step height is determined by the low coherence interferometry and the value of it is measured precisely by the high coherence interferometry. High precision has been obtained by searching precisely the peak of the low coherence interferogram symmetrically from two sides of the low coherence interferogram and stabilizing the Michelson interferometer with a feedback loop. The maximum step height that could be measured is 6 mm while the measurement resolution is less than 1 nm. The standard deviation of 10 times measurement results of a step height of 1 mm configurated with two gauge blocks is 0.5 nm.     

Full-field refractive index measurement with simultaneous phase-shift interferometry

Using the phenomenon of total internal reflection and a beam splitting device, a technique of simultaneous phase-shift interferometry is proposed for measuring the full-field refractive index. Because this method applies a beam splitting device that mimics the characteristics of beam splitting and phase modulation, four interferemetric images of various phase distributions can be simultaneously captured. Therefore, this setup can avoid errors caused by non-simultaneous capturing of images and offers the benefits of high stability, ease of operation, and real-time measurement. Furthermore, using the phenomenon of total internal reflection, the phase difference between p- and s-polarized light varies considerably with the refractive index of a tested specimen. This can substantially increase the measurement resolution. The feasibility of this method is verified using an experiment, and the measurement resolution can be higher than 3.65 × 10⁻⁴ RIU.     

Spectrally-resolved white-light interferometry as a profilometry tool

Phase-shifting interferometry and white-light interferometry are reliable techniques for surface analysis in which the optical path difference has to be changed by some transducer to evaluate the phase. We present here a different procedure in which optical path modulation is completely avoided. This technique is based on the spectral analysis of white-light interferograms. By means of a spectroscopic device, a non-visible interferogram is split into its monochromatic components and absolute, unambiguous values of the phase are obtained along the spectral axis. Only one interferogram is required to obtain the profile of one-dimensional surfaces with nanometric resolution.     

Refractive index distribution measurements by means of spectrally-resolved white-light interferometry

A new procedure to measure the spatial distribution of the refractive index in transparent media is presented. It is based on the spectral analysis of optical interferograms obtained from a wide, continuous-spectrum light source. The method yields fairly high precision (up to 10^-8) in the measurements of local values of differential refractive index, Δn (Δn=n−n_ref), along a line in the sample. By means of a CCD TV-camera linked to a microcomputer, fast recording and automatic data processing are achieved. As an application, we present an experimental study of a thermal gradient in a liquid sample.     

Measurement of refractive index variation of liquids by surface plasmon resonance and wavelength-modulated heterodyne interferometry

In this study an alternative method based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed for in-situ monitoring of variation in the refractive index of a test sample. A wavelength-modulated light source and an unequal-path-length optical configuration heterodyne interferometer are used to detect the phase difference change, which can then be used to estimate the change in the refractive index of a test sample. The experimental results demonstrate a phase stability of 0.02°. The resolution power of the refractive index is 1.5 × 10^− 6 RIU. This method has several advantages over previously used methods such as simple optical setup, easier operation in real time, and low cost.     

相移干涉术及广义相移数字全息干涉术

在基础光学框架内说明了传统的相移干涉术及近年来发展的广义相移数字全息干涉术的基本原理;前者要求特殊值等步长相移,而后者则可以采用任意未知相移值.着重介绍了广义相移干涉术中的物波恢复算法,以及基于衍射场统计特性的未知相移提取算法.从一个侧面沟通了基础光学与近代光学之间的关系.     

Direct measurement on transparent plates by using Fizeau interferometry

It is shown that Fizeau interferometry provides an accurate optical method to measure the refractive index and wedge angle of transparent plates used as optical components in different experiments. A near IR external cavity diode laser having spectral resolution up to 10⁻⁷ has been employed to measure the refractive index of the test plates by introducing amplitude modulation technique in the detection system of our phase shifting Fizeau interferometry. Detection of spatial fringes has been performed to find out the wedge angles of the plates by using a He–Ne laser along with the CCD-image sensor.     

基于光纤白光干涉测量技术的折射率测量仪

设计了基于光纤白光干涉测量技术的折射率测量仪,用来测量尺寸较小、形状简单的透光材料折射率。与传统折射率检测方法相比较,光纤折射率测量仪具有设备尺寸小、测量精度高、操作简易、便于携带等优点。实验测得某种石英玻璃的折射率值为1.464,与标准值偏差为0.02,误差为1.4%;测得某种普通玻璃的折射率为1.502,与标准值偏差为0.002,误差为0.1%;测得K9玻璃的折射率为1.507,与标准值偏差为0.009,误差为0.6%。     

Setting sensitivity in Talbot interferometry with modified gratings

A dual field grating has been introduced for use in Talbot interferometry. We report here results of an experimental investigation on setting sensitivity when using these gratings for testing.     

Speckle shear interferometry

A number of speckle shear methods and their applications to ndt are discussed. Experiments using multiple apertures with custom-made optical elements have shown that in-plane displacement, slope and curvature patterns can be obtained by filtering through appropriate haloes.     

用偏振烧孔实现的室温双波长光纤激光器

本文提出一种简单的掺铒光纤激光器的结构,在室温下实现了稳定的双波长激光运转.在该结构中,使用刻写在保偏光纤上的光纤布喇格光栅作为波长选择器件. 实验表明,通过调整偏振控制器的状态,在室温下能够得到稳定的双波长激光输出,波长间隔0.52 nm,16次重复扫描对应于每一波长的振幅变化及波长间振幅差异均小于0.2 dB.     

激光驱动飞片的动量耦合模型研究

 激光驱动飞片技术在动高压加载和模拟空间高速粒子运动规律等实验中有重要的应用价值。而激光与飞片的动量耦合模型研究是激光驱动飞片技术的重要内容之一,其实质是激光与物质的作用规律的宏观表征。以激光支持爆轰波（LSDW）理论为基础,建立了约束条件下激光驱动飞片的动量模型,模型考虑了激光功率密度、脉宽、聚焦焦斑、侧向稀疏波、飞片表面气体参数、飞片面积等因素的影响,比较全面地反映了LSDW对飞片的力学作用特性,理论计算结果与参考文献结果吻合较好,误差不超过25%。     

双波长全息干涉计量分析

本文分析和讨论了双波长全息干涉计量的单次曝光法和双曝光法。这两种方法都提供了用可见光得到相当于不可见的长波干涉的结果,其测量灵敏度和测量精度可以通过选择合适的工作波长而能得到调整。