硅胶基质固定相离子对反相液相色谱法测定强离解化合物的正辛醇/水分配系数

反相液相色谱(RPLC)是测定正辛醇/水分配系数(log P)的有效方法,但由于缺少同类型模型化合物,RPLC在测定强离解化合物的log P时遇到挑战。该文在硅胶基质C18色谱柱上,采用离子抑制反相液相色谱(IS-RPLC)和离子对反相液相色谱(IP-RPLC)分别对中性化合物、酚酸、羧酸、磺酸及部分两性化合物的保留行为进行了系统研究。在IS-RPLC模式下,利用中性化合物、弱离解的酚酸和苯羧酸作为模型化合物,建立了表观正辛醇/水分配系数(log D)与纯水相保留因子对数值(log k_w)的定量结构-保留行为关系(QSRR)模型,测定了19种离解化合物的log D值,作为后续IP-RPLC的模型化合物及验证化合物。在IP-RPLC模式下,将中性、弱离解和强离解化合物作为混合模型组,以溶质静电荷n_e、氢键酸碱性参数A和B为桥梁,建立了线性良好的log D-log k_w-IP模型,采用3种不同类型的离解化合物进行了外部验证实验,预测值误差低于10%,证实了模型的可靠性。在此基础上,预测了8种强离解化合物的log D_7.0值(pH 7.0条件下的log D值)。研究表明,利用结构相关参数沟通不同类型的模型化合物,是实现IP-RPLC测定强离解化合物log D值的一种行之有效的方法。与聚乙烯醇基质色谱柱相比,通用型的硅胶基质色谱柱上尽管存在着更多的次级作用,但可以为强离解化合物log D的测定提供更灵活的选择。     

色谱法研究杂多酸 Ⅳ.杂多酸在反相离子对色谱中的保留行为

本文研究了Keggin型杂多酸盐在四丁基铵-磷酸盐缓冲液-甲醇体系中的色谱保留行为.导出了反相离子对色谱中离子对试剂浓度,强溶剂浓度及离子强度影响溶质保留值的三个规律式,并用实验及文献值进行了验证,在所研究的体系中,不同电荷数的杂多酸阴离子都可有保留,通过调节适当的离子对试剂浓度及强溶剂浓度,可改善其选择性.     

表阿霉素及其相关物质在反相离子对色谱中的色谱行为

以表阿霉素及其6种相关物质为研究对象,系统评价了其在反相离子对色谱模式下的色谱行为.分别考察了流动相中有机相种类、有机相比例、水相中离子对试剂浓度、pH值对表阿霉素及其相关物质的影响.结果表明,使用乙腈作为有机相洗脱能力及分离效果优于甲醇,保留时间随乙腈比例增大而减小;随着离子对试剂十二烷基硫酸钠浓度增加,杂质阿霉素酮及柔红霉酮几乎无影响,其他5种物质保留时间增加.同时,表阿霉素及其杂质的保留行为受流动相pH值影响较大,当pH不高于4时可获得较好的分离效果.通过对表阿霉素及其相关物质反相离子对模式下的保留行为进行了系统的评价和定量描述,研究结果将有助于该类化合物液相色谱分离方法的发展.     

离子对色谱法测定化妆品中的苯酚磺酸锌

建立了离子对色谱测定不同基质化妆品中苯酚磺酸锌的分析方法。水剂类和香波类化妆品用20%乙腈水溶液提取,膏霜类和散粉类用80%乙腈水溶液提取,唇膏类加四氢呋喃并用80%乙腈水溶液提取,提取液离心、过滤处理。以四丁基氢氧化铵为离子对试剂,考察了苯酚磺酸锌在离子对色谱中的保留行为并优化了最佳色谱条件:以Kromasil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,流动相为5 mmol/L四丁基氢氧化铵+25 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液(pH 2.5)-乙腈(80∶20),等度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长230 nm。该方法对苯酚磺酸锌的定量下限为:水剂和香波基质中为24 mg/kg、膏霜和唇膏基质中为120 mg/kg、散粉基质中为60 mg/kg,在0.5～50 mg/L范围内,苯酚磺酸锌的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 8。在低、中、高3个加标水平下,苯酚磺酸锌的平均回收率为94%～99%,相对标准偏差为0.57%～3.9%。该方法快速、简便、准确,可用于化妆品中苯酚磺酸锌的测定。     

反相离子对色谱-直接电导检测法分析六氟磷酸根离子液体阴离子

建立了反相离子对色谱-直接电导检测六氟磷酸根(PF6-)离子液体阴离子的分析方法。用DiamonsilC18反相色谱柱为分离柱,以离子对试剂-柠檬酸-乙腈混合水溶液为流动相,考察了离子对试剂、乙腈含量、pH值及色谱柱温度对六氟磷酸根保留的影响,并讨论了相关保留机理。在优化的色谱条件下,即流动相为0.05 mmol/L氢氧化四丁铵-0.038 mmol/L柠檬酸-35%乙腈(pH 5.5),流速1.0 mL/min,色谱柱温度40℃时,PF6-与其它常见阴离子(F-、Cl-、Br-、NO3-、SO24-、BF4-)达到基线分离且保留时间在15 min内。方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.25 mg/L,标准曲线的线性范围为0.5～100.0 mg/L,峰面积和保留时间的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为0.17%和0.15%。该法用于1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐和1-丙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐两种离子液体中PF6-的测定,加标回收率分别为99%和104%。该方法简单、准确、可靠,实用性好。     

硅胶整体柱离子对色谱快速分析碘离子

建立了用硅胶整体柱和直接电导检测的离子对色谱快速分析碘离子的方法。采用Chromolith Speed ROD RP-18e色谱柱,以氢氧化四丁铵(离子对试剂)-邻苯二甲酸+乙腈(有机改进剂)为淋洗液,讨论了离子对试剂浓度、有机改进剂浓度、pH、流速和色谱柱温度对碘离子保留的影响。确定最佳色谱条件为:0.25 mmol/L氢氧化四丁铵-0.18 mmol/L邻苯二甲酸+体积分数7%乙腈(pH5.5)作为淋洗液,流速6.0 mL/min,色谱柱温30℃。在此条件下,碘离子的保留时间在0.5 min之内,其它常见阴离子(Cl-、NO3-、SO42-)及SCN-、ClO4-不干扰测定。方法的检出限为0.86 mg/L,标准曲线的线性范围为1.6～85.0 mg/L,峰面积的相对标准偏差为2.3%。将方法应用于测定地下水和果汁中的碘离子,加标回收率为98.5%～104.2%。     

离子液体作流动相添加剂高效液相色谱法分离莨菪类生物碱

建立了以离子液体1-辛基-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(Omin PF6)为高效液相色谱流动相添加剂分离莨菪类生物碱的方法,探讨了离子液体的保留模型及机理。采用高效液相色谱法,考察了检测波长、有机相种类和比例、离子液体的种类、p H值和浓度、缓冲盐体系等因素对莨菪类生物碱色谱行为的影响。结果显示,当离子液体作为流动相添加剂时,可明显改善此类生物碱的分离效果,减少色谱峰的拖尾,提高分离效率。研究显示,Omin PF6浓度与容量因子的变化符合溶质计量置换保留模型(SDM-R),且保留过程以竞争吸附为主。     

整体柱离子对色谱快速分析高氯酸盐

研究了用硅胶整体柱和直接电导检测的离子对色谱快速分析高氯酸盐的方法。实验采用Chromolith Speed ROD RP-18e色谱柱,以氢氧化四丁铵(离子对试剂) 邻苯二甲酸 乙腈(有机改进剂)为淋洗液,讨论了离子对试剂浓度、有机改进剂浓度、pH、色谱柱温度和流速对ClO4-保留时间的影响。确定最佳色谱条件为:0.25mmol/L氢氧化四丁铵 0.18mmol/L邻苯二甲酸 7%乙腈(pH5.5)作为淋洗液,柱温30℃,流速6.0mL/min。在此条件下,ClO4-的保留时间在1min之内。其它常见阴离子(Cl-、NO3-、SO42-和I-)不干扰测定。方法的检出限为1.56mg/L;工作曲线的线性范围是2.4~100mg/L;峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.9%。将本方法应用于测定加标果汁和加标地下水中的ClO4-,加标回收率分别为98.2%和97.6%。     

离子对反相薄层色谱法分离碱性染料

Lepri等首先用离子对技术研究了18种水溶性食品染料在氯化十二烷基吡啶浸渍的硅烷化硅胶薄层板上的色谱行为.随后Ruijten指出,离子对反相色谱技术对手芳香化合物和脂肪化合物中离解基团的鉴定是一种有效的手段,化合物中的R值与分子中各种基团(羧酸基、磺酸基、胺基等)数目和位置相关。在染料分子中多含有磺酸基、羧酸基或伯、仲、叔的胺基。因而,离子对反相色谱技术对它们的分离特别有用。我们曾用苯基键合板以溴化四丁基胺为反离子,成功地分离了四种酸性食品染料。本文用甲基苯乙基二氯硅烷与硅胶G预涂板反应,制备了一种新的键合板,用于分离碱性染料效果良好。     

与离子对试剂电荷相同的溶质和中性溶质的保留值变化规律式的验证

 ]本文利用文献中的数据，通过溶质的保留值k’与流动相强组分浓度CB和离子对试剂浓度Cp的拟合，验证了中性溶质或与离子对试剂电荷相同的溶质的k’值与CB和CP间的关系符合由统计热力学推导的保留值变化规律式，同时证明了离子对试剂非静电作用力对溶质的保留值存在一定的影响。     

反相离子对色谱法测定脱氧精胍菌素药物中的主成分

建立了反相离子对色谱法分离测定脱氧精胍菌素药物中主成分的方法。分别考察了色谱柱类型、离子对试剂种类及浓度、缓冲盐浓度和流动相pH值等参数对实验结果的影响。确定了分离脱氧精胍菌素的最佳条件: C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm);以5 mmol/L磷酸氢二钾水溶液(含5 mmol/L戊烷磺酸钠,pH 3.6±0.3)-乙腈(90:10, v/v)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为210 nm;柱温为30 ℃;进样量为20 μL。该方法实现了对脱氧精胍菌素的良好分离,且线性关系良好,检出限可达0.5 mg/L。     

离子对反相液相色谱同时测定家兔血浆中的外源性磷酸肌酸及其代谢产物肌酸

建立了离子对反相高效液相色谱法(IP-RP-HPLC)同时测定家兔血浆中外源性磷酸肌酸(PCr)及其代谢产物肌酸(Cr)的方法,用于研究外源性PCr在家兔体内的药代动力学。以含离子对试剂四丁基硫酸氢铵(TBA)的磷酸盐缓冲液-甲醇为流动相,在Kromasil-C18色谱柱上进行梯度洗脱。采用内标法定量、以基线扣除法计算外源性PCr和Cr的浓度。PCr和Cr的线性范围分别为10～7500 mg/L和10～1500 mg/L;日内和日间精密度均≤6.2%,准确度分别为99.7%~102.2%和96.5%~102.4%;萃取回收率均大于92%。静脉注射PCr后,血浆中PCr的消除为二室模型,消除半衰期为(20.4±2.7) min;表观分布容积为(0.179±0.037) L/kg;清除率为(0.019±0.002) L/(kg\5min);静脉注射PCr后血浆中迅即出现降解产物Cr,其达峰时间为30 min;消除半衰期为(43.7±4.5) min。本方法的专属性强,准确度和精密度高,能特异性地测定家兔血浆中的PCr和Cr。实际应用结果表明,该方法完全符合PCr药代动力学生物分析方法学的要求。     

Determination of Hydroxy-2-ethylenediaminetriacetic Acid (HEEDTA) and Fe-HEEDTA in Nutrient Solutions by Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography method for the accurate detection and determination of hydroxy-2-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEEDTA) and Fe-HEEDTA has been developed. Three mobile phases containing 0.05 M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, 0.05 M tetrabutylammonium bromide, or 0.05 M tetrabutylammonium bromide + phosphate buffer were employed in this method. Iron was added to each mobile phase after addition of the selected ion pair reagent to determine the amount of HEEDTA in both the free and/or the metal chelated forms at concentrations as low as 50 μM. The method depends on the formation of the iron chelate with HEEDTA in the mobile phase at pH 7. Calculation of the amounts of chelated HEEDTA with iron in the mobile phase was verified using the Geochem-PC computer program, which showed that 99.95% of HEEDTA was chelated to iron at pH 7.     

Effect of the type of ion-pairing reagent in reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography

Summary The retention of positively and negatively charged and neutral solutes was studied in an aqueous phosphate buffer eluent, with constant inorganic-counterion concentration, on ODS-Hypersil stationary phase in the presence of various sulfonic acid ion-pairing reagents. The adsorption isotherms of the ion-pairing reagents d-camphor-10-sulfonic acid, sodium cyclohexylsulfamic acid and sodium alkylsulfonates (butyl-, hexyl- and octyl-) were determined by the breakthrough method.Dedicated to Professor J. F. K. Huber on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

对氨基苯胂酸及其氧化物的色谱研究

 用紫外分光光度计分析了对氨基苯胂酸（PABAA）及其氧化物的光谱特征后,在十八烷基键合相硅胶柱上,以甲醇-缓冲液作流动相,研究了二者的容量因子随流动相离子强度、柱温、甲醇含量变化的规律。用季铵盐作离子对试剂,反相离子对色谱法分离PABAA时,分离机理符合高子对机理,在适当条件下,所试验的化合物都可有所保留。对保留值作出贡献的有固定相排阻作用、分配作用以及居次要地位的PABAA与固定相表面剩余硅醇基的相互作用。排阻作用及分配作用的相对重要性与流动相中甲醇和离子对试剂的浓度有关。     

Indirect detection in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: Ion-pair retention models for cations on polystyrene polymers

Summary The distribution equilibria of cationic compounds in reversed-phase chromatographic systems (ion-pair chromatography) have been studied on the basis of their effect on a detectable mobile phase component. The solid phase was a polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and the detectable component, a quaternary ammonium ion, 1-methylpyridine. The solutes were mono- and divalent amines and quaternary ammonium ions. The cations can be retained by ion-pair adsorption and ion exchange. Expressions for the ion-pair retention of the solutes and the mobile phase cation (system peak) have been developed assuming Langmuir distribution of ion pairs to a solid phase with one kind of binding site. The validity of the expressions has been tested by evaluation of ion-pair distribution constants using non-linear curve fitting techniques. Good agreement for the constants of common ion pairs was obtained from different kinds of capacity ratio expressions. Ion exchange retention can appear beside ion-pair retention, and it has been observed in the pH range 1.6–6.1. The effect depends not only on cations in the mobile phase, but also on the nature of the buffering systems.     

整体柱离子对色谱-直接电导检测法快速测定微量碘酸根

建立了整体柱离子对色谱-直接电导检测快速测定微量碘酸根的方法.采用反相硅胶整体柱,以氢氧化四丁铵(TBA)-邻苯二甲酸-水-乙腈水溶液为淋洗液,分别讨论了淋洗液、流速及柱温对碘酸根保留的影响,并确定最佳色谱条件为:以0.25 mmol/L TBA-0.18 mmol/L邻苯二甲酸-3％乙腈(pH 5.5)水溶液为淋洗液...     

Separation of Amadori peptides from their unmodified analogs by ion-pairing RP-HPLC with heptafluorobutyric acid as ion-pair reagent

Glycation is a common class of nonenzymatic posttranslational modifications relevant for several diseases and cell aging in general, such as D-glucose-derived modifications at the ɛ-amino groups of lysine residues in blood proteins, especially albumin, immunoglobulin, and hemoglobin, for diabetic patients. These Amadori compounds are identified on the peptide level after enzymatic digestion and chromatographic separation by mass spectrometry. Their syntheses usually rely on a global glycation approach. Both areas require the reliable separation of glycated peptides from their unmodified congeners present in different ratios, which is typically not achieved by standard eluent systems in ion-pairing RP-HPLC (IP-RPLC). Here, we compare aqueous acetonitrile and methanol gradients containing either trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) as ion-pairing agents to separate such peptide pairs. TFA-containing eluents resulted in rather low resolutions, and the glycated and unglycated peptides often coeluted. HFBA increased the retention times of the unmodified peptide more than for the glycated peptide thereby improving the separation of all eight studied peptide pairs, even achieving baseline separations for some sequences. Thus the use of HFBA as ion-pair reagent provides a universally applicable eluent system in IP-RPLC to separate glycated peptides from their unmodified counterparts, even at the preparative scale required for synthetic peptides.     

Optimization of reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography by over-pressurized thin-layer chromatography III. Over-pressurized thin-layer chromatography using 10-camphor sulfonic acid as ion-pair reagent

Summary The use of over-pressurized thin-layer chromatography in ion pair system using acidic type pairing reagent has been studied. The most important aspect when reversed phase ion-pair TLC system is used to apply a suitable procedure for pre-treatment of the sorbents. Because of the acidic type of ion pair reagents cannot be bounded to the surface of the layer by immersion or pre-development with the reagent solution, double coating technique was used for the pre-treatment, the plate was firstly immersed in an ethanolic solution of cetrimide, then the immersion has been repeated by an ethanolic solution of acidic ion pair reagent. The necessary coating of the sorbents can be achieved by this technique. To find the optimal conditions for reversed phase ion pair TLC separation of organic amines, 10-camphor sulfonic acid as reagent, different aliphatic, aromatic amines and diamines and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, respectively as model compounds were selected. The dependence of the selectivity and efficiency of the separation on the sorbents, on the concentrations of reagents (cetrimide and camphor sulfonic acid) applied for both immersion and in the eluent were investigated in detail. Presented at the 15th International Symposium on Chromatography, Nürnberg, October 1984