稀土上转换纳米发光材料研究进展

上转换纳米发光材料(UCNPs)是一种能在长波长光激发下发出短波长光的发光材料.在较多的研究中UCNPs在980 nm红外光激发下,能发出不同颜色的可见光,可以显著提高信噪比,所以UCNPs在三维立体显示、上转换激光器、红外探测、防伪识别、生物检测等诸多领域都具有广阔的应用前景.从稀土上转换纳米发光材料的基质和稀土离子及其光学性能方面概述了近几年稀土上转换纳米发光材料的研究进展.     

等离子体增强上转换发光及其应用

稀土上转换纳米材料（UCNPs）是一类在近红外光激发下发出可见光的纳米材料。与有机荧光染料、量子点等发光材料相比,UCNPs具有化学稳定性高、光稳定性强、荧光寿命长、反斯托克斯位移大、发光谱带窄和光穿透深度大等诸多优点,在生物成像、传感器、激光器、光动力疗法和太阳能电池等领域有潜在的应用价值。但是由于UCNPs激活离子的吸收截面太小,导致其发光效率偏低,限制了UCNPs的进一步应用。因而如何提高上转换发光强度成为当前的研究热点。针对上述问题,本文系统阐述了金属表面等离子体共振（SPR）增强上转换发光领域的研究进展。首先介绍了SPR增强上转换发光的三种机制,随后重点介绍了化学法和物理法这两种SPR-UCNPs体系的构建方法以及其在太阳能电池、生物成像、生物检测、光热治疗和光催化等领域的应用。文章最后指出了SPR增强上转换发光领域存在的不足和未来的研究方向。     

优化稀土上转换纳米材料发光的方法

稀土上转换纳米材料(Upconversion Nanoparticles,UCNPs)可将近红外光转换为可见光,其发光性能优异、化学性质稳定、激发光能有效避免自荧光,因此在生物医学领域应用广泛。但UCNPs的低发光效率限制了其进一步发展。本文综述了近年来研究较多的几种优化稀土上转换纳米材料发光的方法,主要包括调整基质材料和掺杂离子、过渡金属离子与镧系离子共掺杂、引入协同敏化剂减少热效应、有机染料与UCNPs协同作用以及金属表面等离子体共振增强法等。文中分别论述了上述方法的最新研究进展,并总结了这些方法目前存在的问题,指出上转换发光领域的研发重点:一是着重分析各种优化发光方法的作用机理,提出更加完备清晰的理论体系;二是探索更容易被生物体降解的UCNPs,使其副作用降到最低。     

稀土上转换发光纳米材料的应用

稀土上转换发光纳米材料(简称UCNPs)不仅光稳定性强、发射带窄、荧光寿命长、化学稳定性高、潜在生物毒性低,而且采用近红外连续激发光源激发还使其具有较大的光穿透深度、无光闪烁和光漂白、无生物组织自发荧光以及对生物组织几乎无损伤等显著优点,已经成为当前很多领域乃至交叉科学的应用研究热点。由于氟化物基质的UCNPs具有较高的发光效率,本文首先归纳总结了近年来氟化物UCNPs的主要合成及表面改性方法,然后重点综述了近年来UCNPs在免疫分析及生物传感、生物成像、载药、光动力理疗及热致理疗、光导开关和信息存储以及太阳能电池等方面的研究与应用进展。     

发光防伪与加密功能材料研究进展

信息的加密与防伪技术是当今信息安全领域中的重要研究内容,其中光学加密与防伪技术由于其并行性、高通量和低成本而倍受人们的青睐.本文主要综述了具有荧光防伪和加密功能的有机及纳米材料最新进展,主要包括室温磷光、刺激响应发光、上转换发光、激发依赖发光、单晶多色可调发光、多元防伪编码以及荧光寿命加密等,简要介绍了基于发光纳米材料的防伪油墨制备方法以及印刷工艺,提出了发光防伪与加密功能材料未来的研究方向.     

掺杂比例和光敏剂对上转换纳米材料性能的影响

以NaYF_4材料为基质的上转换纳米颗粒(UCNPs)是最早报道的、应用范围最广的上转换材料之一。掺杂了稀土离子的颗粒不但可以在不同激发条件下发射出不同波长和强度的荧光,而且可以与多种光敏分子搭配使用,通过荧光共振能量转移产生单线态氧,实现生物医学成像或诊疗方面的应用。但是其形貌和荧光性能均受制备方法和工艺条件的影响较大。本文通过水热法合成了两类掺杂不同稀土离子的十种NaYF_4 UCNPs,在保持掺杂离子的终浓度不变的条件下,探究离子类型与比例对纳米材料的结构和上转换发光性能的影响。在此基础上,探索了多种卟啉类光敏剂分子与NaYF_4 UCNPs发生能量转换及单线态氧的产生能力。本工作可为基于NaYF_4材料的上转换颗粒的规模化制备和工艺升级提供数据支撑和理论参考。     

基于稀土离子掺杂的动态防伪与加密荧光材料的研究进展

信息的加密与防伪技术是当今信息安全领域中的重要研究内容,其中稀土荧光材料加密与防伪技术由于其并行性、高通量和低成本而备受人们的青睐。本文简述了防伪与加密稀土荧光材料的国内外研究进展,特别是动态防伪材料的发展。同时,解释动态荧光防伪材料的防伪机制和特点,简要介绍了几种模式,包括：下转换发光、上转换发光、光激励发光,荧光共振能量转移。同时指出激活剂与基质的选择和陷阱的引入对动态防伪与加密荧光材料也有十分重要的意义。     

具有红光发射的稀土上转换发光纳米晶及其介孔直接功能化

红光发射稀土上转换发光纳米晶(UCNPs)在光动力治疗(PDT)等方面具有特定的优势。将油溶性的UCNPs通过表面改性转变为水溶性,对其在生物医疗、疾病诊断等方面的应用具有重要意义。利用一种简单易行的方法将具有红光发射的UCNPs进行介孔直接功能化表面修饰,制备了一种具有良好水溶性的纳米材料NaYF4:Yb/Er/Mn@mSiO2。实验结果表明该材料核-壳结构明显,形貌均一,在980 nm的激发下保持了上转换发光特性。该材料在光动力治疗等方面具有良好的潜在应用价值。     

稀土氟化物上转换荧光增强及应用

稀土氟化物上转换纳米材料具有化学稳定性高、反斯托克位移大、无光漂白、荧光寿命长、发光谱带窄和穿透深度深等优点,在荧光成像和光热疗、传感器、太阳能电池及防伪技术等领域具有广泛的应用前景,是一种极具发展潜力的荧光材料。然而该类材料在实际应用时还存在有荧光效率低、吸收截面小等亟待解决的瓶颈问题。针对以上问题,本文系统阐述了离子共掺杂、核壳结构、表面等离子耦合、光子晶体、宽频敏化和热效应等增强稀土氟化物上转换荧光的方法及其近年的研究进展。并在此基础上,总结了近年来荧光增强稀土氟化物上转换纳米材料在生物成像和光热疗、生物传感、太阳能电池及防伪技术等领域的应用研究现状。最后,分析了稀土氟化物UCNPs目前仍存在的不足,并对将来的发展方向进行了展望。     

脑内三磷酸腺苷的光电化学活体分析北大核心CSCD

神经化学信号传递是实现大脑复杂功能的基础,因此发展神经化学信号的活体原位检测方法,对于探索脑功能和脑疾病的神经化学分子机制具有重要意义。光电化学传感技术具有灵敏度高、背景信号低和易于微型化等优点,是活体原位分析的潜在有力工具。然而,常见的光电活性材料需要短波长的光激发,其组织穿透深度不足,限制了在活体分析中的应用。基于此,本文构建了一种可近红外激发的光电化学微传感器,用于脑内三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的原位检测。将稀土掺杂的上转换纳米颗粒(UCNPs)引入传感界面,用UCNPs的发光激发电极表面的光电活体材料产生光电流信号,通过荧光染料(TAMRA)标记的核酸适配体调节UCNPs的发光,发展一种基于光学调控策略检测脑内ATP的光电化学传感新方法。所制备的微传感器成功用于炎症模型中小鼠脑内ATP的原位检测,初步探索了脑部炎症与ATP水平变化的关系。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.