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层状二硫化钼由于具有独特的物理化学特性, 在电化学制氢领域受到广泛关注. 二硫化钼的氢惰性表面导致其在酸性和碱性电解液中的析氢活性都比铂差. 将单原子锚定在二硫化钼中能够有效活化惰性的基面,促使其成为先进的析氢电催化剂. 本文从单原子掺杂的二硫化钼的结构出发, 探讨了单原子在提升活性方面的具体机制, 总结了关于单原子掺杂的二硫化钼的制备方法、 表征手段和最新的研究进展, 以及单原子掺杂所产生的缺陷对于活性提升的重要作用. 最后, 基于单原子掺杂二硫化钼在析氢反应中的最新进展, 总结了该领域中相关催化剂的设计思想和主要挑战. 相似文献
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氢气是一种清洁可再生能源,有望在未来替代化石燃料成为最主要的能源物质.电催化析氢技术是最有效的产氢途径之一.目前,电催化析氢催化剂主要是贵金属铂,由于其昂贵的价格限制了它的大规模应用.所以在不减少催化剂活性的前提下尽量减少贵金属的使用或者寻找替代物质,降低成本是工业化大规模使用析氢反应(HER)催化剂的前提.二硫化钼基催化剂因其价格低廉、资源丰富且具有优异的催化析氢性能而引起研究者的广泛关注.实验和理论研究都证明了二硫化钼的催化性能和其催化活性位点有关.所以,开发一种具有丰富的活性位点、良好的导电性的二硫化钼基催化剂可以获得高的产氢性能和良好的稳定性.因此,对于提高MoS2的电催化析氢性能的研究主要集中于增加MoS2暴露活性位点的个数和导电性.然而,二硫化钼层与层之间的相互作用可能导致其发生聚集,较低的导电率都有可能降低它的电催化活性.我们通过水热的方法直接制备出了固体的硫、氮共掺杂的、具有石墨化结构的碳复合材料(SNC).将钼酸钠加入到反应中后,多钼酸盐通过化学交互作用均匀地嵌入、分散到SNC中.经高温处理后,SNC放出S2-,多钼酸盐结合S2-生成二硫化钼.SNC有效地防止了二硫化钼聚集成大的颗粒.我们成功地制备出具有较好析氢性能的、高度分散于SNC中的二硫化钼纳米片.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、元素分析、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段对材料进行了表征,通过电催化析氢、电化学阻抗以及稳定性测试等手段研究了其电催化性能.由MoS2/SNC-900-12h的TEM图片可以看出,二硫化钼纳米片高度分散于碳复合材料中,且层数只有一到几层,暴露出了更多的催化活性位点.拉曼光谱图的D带(1341 cm-1)和G带(1584 cm-1)体现出了材料具有较好的石墨化结构,提高了材料的导电性.XPS C 1s谱图中存在C–S和C–N键,S 2p谱图中存在C–S–C、C=S和C–SOx–C键,N 1s谱图中存在吡啶氮和石墨氮,结合元素分析,说明该碳材料确为硫氮共掺杂的碳;Mo谱测试显示出Mo 3d5/2(229.4 eV)和Mo 3d3/2(232.6 eV),证明了二硫化钼成功地嵌入到了碳材料中.电化学性能表征显示MoS2/SNC-900-12h在H2SO4溶液(0.5 mol/L)中展现出较低的起始电位(115 mV)以及低的过电位(237 mV).电化学阻抗测试显示在H2SO4溶液(0.5 mol/L)中过电位为?0.2 V(vs.RHE)时Rct只有124Ω.此外,在?0.3–0 V(vs.RHE)下,经5000圈稳定性测试后性能只有约2.6%(10 mA/cm2)的衰减,说明MoS2/SNC-900-12h同样具有优异的电化学稳定性. 相似文献
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近年来, 单原子催化剂(SAC)因其原子利用率高, 金属负载量低而得到广泛研究. 然而, 由于单原子表面自由能过高, 原子处在不稳定状态, 在合成或催化过程中易发生团聚, 对于碱性析氢反应(HER)的活性不是很高. 但将单原子与具有不同活性位点的团簇结合起来一定程度上可突破SAC在反应中间体等方面的瓶颈. SAC和团簇催化剂相互竞争产生的协同效应可以显著提高催化剂的性能. 我们针对钌基单原子和团簇催化剂在HER方面的研究进行了概述, 同时对碱性HER的机理进行简要分析, 最后提出了碱性HER Ru基催化剂面临的挑战. 相似文献
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电解水与一次可再生能源耦合,可同时提供洁净制氢方式与先进的能源转化技术,有望在未来清洁能源经济中扮演重要角色,而实现这一美好愿景的关键在于研发高活性、低成本的析氢/析氧电催化材料。二硫化钼(MoS2)是颇具代表性的非贵金属析氢电催化材料,纵观其研究历程,先导性理论预测与材料设计、先进制备与表征技术的应用均在改性研究中发挥了至关重要的作用,这也从一个侧面折射出当代电催化剂的研究模式与发展趋势。本文按照重要发现与进展的时间顺序,梳理了MoS2析氢电催化剂的发展历程,重点论述了增多边缘活性位、提高导电性、构筑基面活性位等改性策略的实施方法、效果与机理,最后从全领域总结了MoS2析氢电催化剂的研究启示并展望其未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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金属衬底上单层MoS2的可控批量制备是探索其微观形貌、新奇物理化学特性以及潜在应用的重要前提. 最近, 我们利用低压化学气相沉积的方法, 在多晶金箔上实现了高质量、大面积/大批量、畴区尺寸可调(从几百纳米到几十微米)单层MoS2的可控制备; 利用低能电子显微/衍射实现了直接生长的单层MoS2畴区取向和畴区边界的原位识别; 利用金箔上合成的纳米尺寸MoS2作为电催化析氢反应的催化剂, 实现了高效的析氢效果(塔菲尔斜率约61 mV/dec, 交换电流密度约38.1 μA/cm2). 本文将以这些研究成果为主线, 系统地阐述金箔上单层MoS2的可控制备和转移、畴区的原位识别以及在电催化析氢反应中的应用, 并对该领域的未来发展趋势和所面临的挑战进行简要的展望. 相似文献
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Ni-W-WC复合电极在碱性介质中的电催化析氢 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
氢能源作为高效、洁净和理想的二次能源,已受到世界各国广泛的重视[1].电解水制氢是实现大规模生产氢的重要手段,为降低电解能耗,最行之有效的办法是降低氢的阴极析出电位,因此开发新型廉价高催化性能的析氢材料具有十分重要的意义.具有高催化析氢活性的单一金属和合金材料已广为报导[2-8].近二十年来,通过复合电沉积技术将一种或数种不溶性固体微粒渗杂到金属材料中所形成的复合镀层,如Ni-WC[9]、Ni-PTTE[10]、Ni-RuO_2[11]、Ni-LaNiO3[12]等,这些复合镀层因其高比表面而表… 相似文献
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以磷钼酸和L-半胱氨酸作为前驱体,还原氧化石墨烯作为载体,采用水热法一步合成了超薄二硫化钼/还原氧化石墨烯杂化材料(UT-MoS_2/rGO)。作为电催化析氢(HER)非贵金属催化剂,对其结构特征和在0.5 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中氧化还原反应的催化性能进行表征。结果显示,得益于UT-MoS_2暴露的丰富活性位点、导电rGO片的稳定支撑以及MoS_2与rGO的良好结合,UT-MoS_2/rGO显示了优异的电催化性能。其起始过电势为-66 mV;电流密度为-10 mA·cm-2时过电势为-145 mV,Tafel斜率为42.9 mV·dec-1;交流阻抗为0.76Ω;在0.1~0.2 V范围内循环伏安测试1000次后,其催化活性仍能保持98%。 相似文献
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Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been regarded as a favorable photocatalytic co‐catalyst and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst alternative to expensive noble‐metals catalysts, owing to earth‐abundance, proper band gap, high surface area, and fast electron transfer ability. In order to achieve a higher catalytic efficiency, defects strategies such as phase engineering and vacancy introduction are considered as promising methods for natural 2H‐MoS2 to increase its active sites and promote electron transfer rate. In this study, we report a new two‐step defect engineering process to generate vacancies‐rich hybrid‐phase MoS2 and to introduce Ru particles at the same time, which includes hydrothermal reaction and a subsequent hydrogen reduction. Compositional and structural properties of the synthesized defects‐rich MoS2 are investigated by XRD, XPS, XAFS and Raman measurements, and the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction performance, as well as photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance in the ammonia borane dehydrogenation are evaluated. Both catalytic activities are boosted with the increase of defects concentrations in MoS2, which ascertains that the defects engineering is a promising route to promote catalytic performance of MoS2. 相似文献
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以碳纳米纤维(CNFs)作为负载基体和反应器采用静电纺丝技术和碳化工艺生长和调控二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米片。通过改变前驱体溶液浓度来调控纳米片的形貌和结构,利用MoS2纳米片的高催化活性和CNFs高比表面积、良好的稳定性以及高电导率的协同作用,研究不同形貌和结构的杂化纳米材料在电催化析氢方面的应用,探索杂化材料形貌与性能之间的潜在规律。运用多种分析测试技术对制备得到的纳米杂化材料进行表征,并对所制备的MoS2/CNFs杂化材料的电催化析氢性能(HER)进行研究,研究表明近似皮芯结构的MoS2/CNFs-10杂化材料的电催化析氢性能最好,初始析氢过电位在220 mV,Tafel斜率为110 mV·dec-1。 相似文献
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以碳纳米纤维(CNFs)作为负载基体和反应器采用静电纺丝技术和碳化工艺生长和调控二硫化钼(MoS_2)纳米片。通过改变前驱体溶液浓度来调控纳米片的形貌和结构,利用MoS_2纳米片的高催化活性和CNFs高比表面积、良好的稳定性以及高电导率的协同作用,研究不同形貌和结构的杂化纳米材料在电催化析氢方面的应用,探索杂化材料形貌与性能之间的潜在规律。运用多种分析测试技术对制备得到的纳米杂化材料进行表征,并对所制备的MoS_2/CNFs杂化材料的电催化析氢性能(HER)进行研究,研究表明近似皮芯结构的MoS_2/CNFs-10杂化材料的电催化析氢性能最好,初始析氢过电位在220 mV,Tafel斜率为110m V·dec~(-1)。 相似文献
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MoS2 Nanosheets Supported on 3D Graphene Aerogel as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
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Yufei Zhao Xiuqiang Xie Jinqiang Zhang Dr. Hao Liu Hyo‐Jun Ahn Prof. Kening Sun Prof. Guoxiu Wang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(45):15908-15913
The development of efficient catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution is essential for energy conversion technologies. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction, and its performance greatly depends on its exposed edge sites and conductivity. Layered MoS2 nanosheets supported on a 3D graphene aerogel network (GA‐MoS2) exhibit significant catalytic activity in hydrogen evolution. The GA‐MoS2 composite displays a unique 3D architecture with large active surface areas, leading to high catalytic performance with low overpotential, high current density, and good stability. 相似文献
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Tanyuan Wang Dongliang Gao Junqiao Zhuo Prof. Zhiwei Zhu Prof. Pagona Papakonstantinou Prof. Yan Li Prof. Meixian Li 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(36):11939-11948
MoS2 particles with different size distributions were prepared by simple ultrasonication of bulk MoS2 followed by gradient centrifugation. Relative to the inert microscale MoS2, nanoscale MoS2 showed significantly improved catalytic activity toward the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER). The decrease in particle size was accompanied by an increase in catalytic activity. Particles with a size of around 2 nm exhibited the best dual ORR and HER performance with a four‐electron ORR process and an HER onset potential of ?0.16 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). This is the first investigation on the size‐dependent effect of the ORR activity of MoS2, and a four‐electron transfer route was found. The exposed abundant Mo edges of the MoS2 nanoparticles were proven to be responsible for the high ORR catalytic activity, whereas the origin of the improved HER activity of the nanoparticles was attributed to the plentiful exposed S edges. This newly discovered process provides a simple protocol to produce inexpensive highly active MoS2 catalysts that could easily be scaled up. Hence, it opens up possibilities for wide applications of MoS2 nanoparticles in the fields of energy conversion and storage. 相似文献
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Catalysts with high atom utilization efficiency accompanied by improved reactivity and durability are highly desired. Metallic MoO2 with its small size easily agglomerates, making it difficult to use in water splitting to obtain hydrogen by electrolysis. Here, the nano-Cu-mediated multi-site method is proposed to prepare ultrafine MoO2 nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-decorated reduced graphene oxide (denoted as MoO2/PDDA-rGO). The introduction of Cu NPs increases the number of growth sites for MoO2 on the PDDA-rGO and simultaneously promotes the growth rate of MoO2 on PDDA-rGO. As a consequence, the resulting size of the MoO2 NPs is only 2 nm and these are evenly dispersed on PDDA-rGO. Significantly, the optimized catalyst has a low onset potential of −42 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), a calculated Tafel slope of only 42 mV dec−1, and good cycling stability of more than 40 h. This favored hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is caused by the synergistic effects of MoO2 and PDDA-rGO, rapid charge transport, and sufficient exposed active sites of MoO2/PDDA-rGO. 相似文献
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Heron Vrubel Prof. Dr. Xile Hu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2012,51(51):12703-12706
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Zhongjie Huang Wenjia Luo Lu Ma Mingzhe Yu Xiaodi Ren Mingfu He Shane Polen Kevin Click Benjamin Garrett Prof. Jun Lu Prof. Khalil Amine Prof. Christopher Hadad Prof. Weilin Chen Prof. Aravind Asthagiri Prof. Yiying Wu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(50):15181-15185
Proton reduction is one of the most fundamental and important reactions in nature. MoS2 edges have been identified as the active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. Designing molecular mimics of MoS2 edge sites is an attractive strategy to understand the underlying catalytic mechanism of different edge sites and improve their activities. Herein we report a dimeric molecular analogue [Mo2S12]2?, as the smallest unit possessing both the terminal and bridging disulfide ligands. Our electrochemical tests show that [Mo2S12]2? is a superior heterogeneous HER catalyst under acidic conditions. Computations suggest that the bridging disulfide ligand of [Mo2S12]2? exhibits a hydrogen adsorption free energy near zero (?0.05 eV). This work helps shed light on the rational design of HER catalysts and biomimetics of hydrogen‐evolving enzymes. 相似文献
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通过熔盐电解法并掺杂过渡金属Cu制备2种不同纳米结构的Cu/MoS_2。采用涂敷法制备工作电极,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量散射X射线谱(EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)以及各种电化学手段验证了其结构和性能。结果表明,纳米片状Cu/MoS_2在碱性溶液(1 mol·L~(-1)KOH)中表现出优异的析氢催化性能:在电流密度为10 mA·cm~(-2)时过电位为199.6 mV,Tafel斜率为59 mV·dec~(-1),双电层电容为26.1 mF·cm~(-2),等效电荷转移电阻为12.4Ω,具有较为良好的电化学耐久性和稳定性。 相似文献