聚偏氟乙烯膜三维离子传输通道的构建及其在全钒液流电池中的性能研究

随着新能源技术的不断发展, 大规模储能技术受到了广泛的关注. 全钒液流电池因其容量和功率设计灵活、安全可靠、寿命长等优势成为发展较快的储能电池之一. 离子膜作为液流电池的关键部件, 对电池的能量转化效率、寿命和成本具有显著影响. 本工作以高化学稳定性的聚偏氟乙烯作为膜材料, 利用聚乙二醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分别作为模板和稳定剂, 在聚偏氟乙烯膜内成功构建了具有较好H/V离子选择性的三维离子传输通道. 电池性能测试表明, 该聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)离子膜有着出色的化学稳定性, 在100 mA•cm^-2电流密度下, 具有98%以上的电流效率和83.5%的能量效率. 此外, 聚偏氟乙烯具有价格低的显著特点, 使其在全钒液流电池中有较好的应用前景.     

全钒液流电池隔膜的制备与性能

全钒液流电池作为一种电化学储能装置在电网调峰、山区供电、电动车充电电源、应急电源等方面具有很广阔的应用前景。隔膜是全钒液流电池的关键组件之一,其结构和性能决定电池的效能。隔膜的离子传导率和钒离子的渗透率分别影响电池的电压效率和电流效率。隔膜的化学稳定性决定电池的长期运行的稳定性和使用寿命。本文根据隔膜的类别不同,分别阐述了含氟离子膜、非氟离子膜及多孔膜的制备与上述性能的关系,并展望了隔膜的发展方向。     

液流电池用季铵化聚醚砜阴离子交换膜材料的研究

离子交换膜是液流电池的关键部件之一，理想的离子交换膜应具有较低的活性物质渗透率（即有较高的选择性）和较低的面电阻（即有较高的离子传导率），同时还应具有较好的化学稳定性和较低的成本。目前，全钒液流电池主要采用全氟磺酸类阳离子交换膜（如Nafion），其化学稳定性优异，但易造成钒离子的渗透，降低了电池的使用寿命，且Nafion膜价格昂贵；全钒液流电池的电解质溶液由不同钒电解质溶解在硫酸中组成，采用阴离子交换膜时，     

全钒液流电池磺化石墨烯/Nafion复合膜的研究

本文通过磺化石墨烯对Nafion膜进行改性,研究了磺化石墨烯/Nafion复合膜（GRS-Nafion复合膜）的吸水率、电阻率和钒离子迁移数. 结果表明,经磺化石墨烯改性之后,GRS-Nafion复合膜的面电阻和钒离子渗透率显著降低. 全钒液流电池的测试结果表明,GRS-Nafion复合膜有着更加优异的电化学性能,展示出GRS-Nafion复合膜在液流电池中的应用潜力.     

液流电池用季铵化聚醚砜阴离子交换膜材料的研究

离子交换膜是液流电池的关键部件之一,理想的离子交换膜应具有较低的活性物质渗透率(即有较高的选择性)和较低的面电阻(即有较高的离子传导率),同时还应具有较好的化学稳定性和较低的成本[1,2].目前,全钒液流电池主要采用全氟磺酸类阳离子交换膜(如Nafion),其化学稳定性优异,但易造成钒离子的渗透,降低了电池的使用寿命,且Nafion膜价格昂贵;全钒液流电池的电解质溶液由不同钒电解质溶解在硫酸中组成,采用阴离子交换膜时,由于Donan效应钒离子的渗透将受到制约,与阳离子交换膜相比,具有较高的选择性.     

全钒液流电池储能技术开发与应用进展

大规模储能技术是实现大规模可再生能源普及应用和支撑智能电网建设的核心技术. 全钒液流电池（Vanadium Flow Battery, VFB）因其寿命长、安全性好、配置灵活、响应速度快、建设周期短、对环境影响低等突出优势,成为大规模电化学储能技术的首选. 美、日、欧等发达国家都在积极推动大型全钒液流电池技术和装备的研发. 本文重点介绍了由大连融科储能技术发展有限公司和中科院大连化学物理研究所开发的集装箱式全钒液流电池系统的测试结果,对迄今全球最大规模的5 MW/10 MWh全钒液流电池系统的运行情况进行了总结,最后指出通过进一步技术开发与规模化生产,降低其成本、提高其可靠性和电化学性能,是全钒液流电池技术和产业发展的主要方向.     

可规模储能的沉积型单液流电池研究进展

与全钒等双液流电池相比,沉积型单液流电池不使用离子交换膜等昂贵材料,结构简化,比能量提高,适合于不同规模的储能场合,研究渐多.本文介绍了沉积型单液流电池的原理与特点及其结构组成,以笔者实验室工作为主,综述了各沉积型单液流电池新体系的研究进展及存在的问题,并指出目前单液流电池待解决的问题是高比容量、高稳定性电极材料和电堆...     

全钒液流电池碳电极材料的研究进展

近年来,全钒液流电池作为一种大规模储能装置,其电极材料得到了广泛的研究,并且获得了一定的进展.本文简述了全钒液流电池对电极材料的要求,综述了其电极材料的研究进展,重点介绍了碳电极及其改性方面的工作,并对其电极材料的发展趋势进行了展望.     

液流储能电池技术研究进展

液流储能电池技术是一种高效、大规模电化学储能技术,在风能、太阳能等可再生能源发电、智能电网建设等方面有着广阔的应用前景。本文重点对全钒、多硫化钠-溴和锌-溴液流储能电池的工作原理、特点、国内外研究现状及发展趋势进行了综述,并对其他探索性液流储能电池体系进行了介绍。提出了制约液流储能电池技术发展瓶颈问题,展望了液流储能电池未来发展趋势。     

全钒液流电池中四价钒单壳层水合离子[VO(H2O)5]2+ 形成过程的理论研究

使用密度泛函理论计算,结合表面定量分子静电势分析,对全钒液流电池电解液中四价钒离子的水合离子形成过程进行了研究。结果表明结合5个水分子后形成的[VO(H_2O)_5]~(2+)结构,表面静电势极大值点仅出现在水分子的H原子附近,说明[VO(H_2O)_5]~(2+)结构即为四价钒离子的水合离子单壳层结构,与实验结果很好的吻合。所采用的理论计算方法有望应用于全钒液流电池电解液中其他价态钒离子组分的研究。     

荷电膜的膜电位研究进展

膜电位的测定是表征荷电膜的传递现象的重要参数之一。本文简要介绍了膜电位理论基础,包括T. M. S.理论和不可逆热力学理论。分别阐述了关于离子交换膜、双极膜、两性膜以及复合膜的膜电位的最新进展,并提出今后的发展方向。     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。     

高分子纳滤膜的研究及进展

对高分子纳滤膜的发展背景以及国内外在这一领域的研究的研究进展作了详细的介绍。     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。     

纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展

基于纳米材料的独特性质,将其引入高分子膜所制得的纳米复合滤膜有望解决目前制约膜技术发展的“上限平衡”问题。 本文综述了碳纳米管、石墨烯、SiO2、TiO2、分子筛、ZrO2以及纳米银颗粒等纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展。 这些纳米材料对于提高复合膜的机械稳定性、亲水性、选择性、渗透性及抗污染能力等有显著的效果。 此外,对纳米复合膜的发展与应用做了展望,也对其研究中存在的问题和解决方法进行了阐述。     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50 200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2 0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of γ-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes have zeolitic top-layers with a thickness of 10-25 μm, and zeolite crystals can be intruded into pores of the supports as deeply as 100μm. The experimental results indicate that the precoating of zeolitic seeds on supports is beneficial to crystallization by shortening the synthesis time and improving the membrane strength. The resulting zeolite X membrane shows permselectivity to tri-n-butylamine((C4H9)3N) over perfluro-tributyl-amine ((C4Fg)3N), and a permeance ratio of 57 for ((C4Hg)3N to (C4F9)3N could be reached at 350℃. Permeances of BZ, EB and TIPB through the zeolite membrane were also measured and were found to slightly increase with temperature.     

氯化锂为添加剂制得的疏水聚偏氟乙烯不对称微孔膜的形态结构及其膜蒸馏性能

结合膜的形态结构研究了以 LiCl为添加剂制得的疏水 PVDF膜的膜蒸馏性能。与来用水溶液高分子添加剂制得的PVDF微孔膜相比,膜蒸馏性能有了较大提高,尤其具有更高的截留率。制得的微孔膜的蒸馏通量已接近商品膜的膜蒸馏通量,表明以LiCl为添加剂制得的PVDF疏水微孔膜是一种适用于膜蒸馏的较理想的疏水微孔膜。     

PREPARATION OF SILICALITE-1 AND ZSM-5 ZEOLITE/ CERAMIC COMPOSITE MEMBRANES

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＩＬＩＣＡＬＩＴＥ┐１ＡＮＤＺＳＭ┐５ＺＥＯＬＩＴＥ／ＣＥＲＡＭＩＣＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＥＭＥＭＢＲＡＮＥＳＺｈａｎｇＬｉｘｉｏｎｇ，ＪｉａＭｅｎｇｄｏｎｇ，ＭｉｎＥｎｚｅ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｅｔｒｏｌｅ...     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50-200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2-0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of r-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes hav     

Theoretical analysis of the performance of composite membrane consisting of the catalytic and nanofiltration layers

A model of the composite membrane consisting of the catalytic layer (CL) and the nanofiltration layer (NFL) is presented. It has been found that applying NFL on the permeate side of CL it is possible to enhance substantially the conversion of substrate into the product. The best performance is obtained for high retention of substrate and low of product. At higher values of volume flow and/or longer catalytic path the retention degree of product becomes negligible. The presence of NFL enhances the influence of distribution of the reaction rate constant, k, on the conversion ratio. Comparing to k = constant the positive effect is obtained if k increases along the catalytic pore, whereas negative—if k decreases.