液相色谱-毛细管气相色谱/质谱离线联用分析烟草中的挥发性及半挥发性成分

建立了一种用于烟草样品中挥发性、半挥发性成分分析的液相色谱-毛细管气相色谱/质谱(LC-CGC/MS)离线联用方法。研究了LC-CGC/MS的分离机理。LC分析选用氨基分析柱(250 mm×2.0 mm, 5 μm)作为分析柱,正己烷-二氯甲烷-乙腈(90:6.6:3.4, v/v/v)作为流动相,对挥发性、半挥发性成分进行分离,收集得到5个馏分,并存放在5个氮吹瓶中。多次进样并收集相同时间段的馏分,氮吹浓缩至1 mL,然后分别进行CGC/MS分析,所用的CGC柱为DB-5MS(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)。结果显示,与直接采用CGC/MS分析相比,采用LC-CGC/MS分析复杂样本的效果更好,定性的可靠性更高。     

液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱法筛查奶酪中29种禁用和限用合成色素

建立了奶酪样品中29种禁用和限用合成色素的液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱(LC/Q-TOF MS)筛查方法。样品经正己烷-水(3:1, v/v)振荡提取,得到正己烷层、水层和残渣3部分。正己烷层经旋转蒸发浓缩后,用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1:1, v/v)溶解,经过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化去除油脂。水层经乙腈振荡提取,得到乙腈-水提取液。残渣经氨水-甲醇(1:99, v/v)溶液振荡提取,得到氨水-甲醇提取液。乙腈-水提取液和氨水-甲醇提取液不需净化直接分析。结果表明: 29种不同极性范围的合成色素化合物分别得到了有效的提取,提取回收率为70%～95%。而Q-TOF MS提供的精确质量数定性功能可以将不同种类的合成色素化合物筛查出来,各化合物与精确质量质谱库中化合物的匹配度为59.66～99.47。通过Target MS/MS扫描方式进行定量,得到8种苏丹类化合物的方法检出限为0.4～2.5 μg/kg, 21种水溶性合成色素及染料化合物的检出限为20～80 μg/kg。该方法对禁用和限用合成色素的筛查范围广泛,对含有蛋白质、脂肪等基质的食品具有较好的适用性。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定禽蛋中203种农药及化学污染物残留

建立了禽蛋中203种农药及化学污染物残留的气相色谱-串联质谱(GCMS/MS)检测方法.样品用乙腈振荡提取,经ODS C18+Carb串联固相萃取柱净化,乙腈-甲苯(3:1,v/v)洗脱,洗脱液浓缩至0.5mL,氮吹至近干,加1mL正己烷超声溶解后,在气相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定.在1倍MRL(...     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱快速筛查蔬菜中18种农药残留

建立蔬菜中18种农药残留的超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)快速筛查方法.样品经1％乙酸乙腈提取,QuEChERS法净化,经C18色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.8 μm)分离,以乙腈与含0.1％甲酸的2 mmoL/L甲酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,UPLC-Q-TOF MS检测,...     

固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用快速鉴定香稻香味特征化合物2-乙酰基吡咯啉

建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱(SPME-GC/MS)联用快速鉴定香稻香味特征化舍物2-乙酰基吡咯啉的方法.香米加入内标物2,4,6-三甲基吡啶,密封,在80℃水浴条件下经固相微萃取(萃取纤维头为100 μm聚二甲基硅氧烷)提取2 h,提取物经毛细管气相色谱柱HP-5MS(30 mx0.25mm×0.25μm)分离,...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中的维吉尼霉素M1

建立了饲料中维吉尼霉素M1的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析测定方法。样品用乙腈-0.2%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(8:2, v/v)超声提取两遍后,通过UPLC-MS/MS进行分析,以BEH C18色谱柱为分析柱,乙腈-0.3%(v/v)甲酸水溶液（35:65, v/v）为流动相,采用电喷雾电离正离子模式,以多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。在0.3～226.6 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r=0.9995)。维吉尼霉素M1的检出限和定量限分别为2 μg/kg和7 μg/kg,平均回收率为82.6%～102.7%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～10.5%。结果表明,该方法具有操作简单、准确度和灵敏度高、重现性好的特点,适合用于检测饲料中维吉尼霉素M1的含量。     

固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜肉中18种卡因类麻醉剂

随着麻醉剂被用于动物养殖、运输等领域，建立畜肉中麻醉剂残留的检测方法具有重要意义。该研究基于固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术，建立了一种同时测定畜肉中18种卡因类麻醉剂残留的分析方法，实验通过优化18种卡因类物质的质谱参数，比较了在不同流动相中的分离度及响应强度，同时考察了不同提取条件、净化条件对18种卡因类物质提取率和净化效果的影响，结合外标法定量，实现了对畜肉中18种卡因类物质的定量分析。样品以0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈提取，Oasis PRIME HLB小柱净化，净化液经二甲亚砜辅助氮吹至近干，残渣用1.00 mL乙腈-水(1∶9, v/v)复溶，以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(含0.02 mmol/L乙酸铵)-甲醇作为流动相，经HSS T₃色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8μm)分离，在电喷雾离子源(ESI)、正离子扫描和多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行UPLC-MS/MS测定。在最优条件下进行方法学验证，18种化合物在1.00～50.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.999;检出限(LOD)为0.2～0...     

分子印迹固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定猪尿中15种β_2-受体激动剂残留

建立了分子印迹固相萃取(MISPE)-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定猪尿中15种β_2-受体激动剂的分析方法。分别优化了上样溶液的pH值、淋洗和洗脱溶液等MISPE净化条件及质谱条件。将猪尿样品离心,经MISPE柱上样,依次用水、乙腈、0.5%(v/v)乙酸乙腈溶液淋洗,10%(v/v)乙酸甲醇溶液洗脱,氮气吹干,0.1%(v/v)甲酸水-乙腈(9∶1,v/v)复溶;采用BEH C_(18)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下外标法定量。考察了MISPE对15种β_2-受体激动剂的吸附特异性;猪尿中15种β_2-受体激动剂在0.1~20μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r~2≥0.992);检出限和定量限分别为0.03和0.1μg/L;15种β_2-受体激动剂的加标回收率为65.6%~115.0%,批内、批间相对标准偏差分别为0.57%~16.1%和1.11%~16.8%。该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏度高、特异性好。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料和卧床土中的环境雌激素

建立了饲料和卧床土中雌三醇、雌二醇、雌酮、双酚A和己烯雌酚5种环境雌激素的固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。对色谱流动相、质谱条件、固相萃取柱等影响因素进行了优化,得到的最优化条件为:样品经乙腈提取后,用固相萃取柱(NH₂-SPE)进行富集,采用Acquity UPLC^TM HSS T₃色谱柱分离,以乙腈-甲醇(4:1, v/v)与0.01%氨水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,在负离子模式下进行MS/MS测定。在该优化条件下,5种环境雌激素的检出限(以信噪比为3计)为0.06~0.22 μg/kg,回收率为81.70%~102.20%,相对标准偏差小于10.00%。该方法用于饲料和卧床土中的5种环境雌激素残留量的测定具有简便、快速、灵敏的特点。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中的矮壮素与缩节胺残留

建立了食品中矮壮素和缩节胺2种植物生长调节剂的高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱(HPLC-ESI MS/MS)分析方法.样品经甲醇-水(1:1,体积比)提取后,采用Strata-X-C萃取小柱净化,再经Agilent ZORBAX RX-SIL(1.8μm,3.0 mm×100 mm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈和10 mmol...     

Pesticide residue determination in vegetables from western China applying gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

In this study,an effort has been made to evaluate the pesticide residues in vegetables from western China. Fifty‐one pesticides, including organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamate and pyrethroid, were detected in 369 commonly used vegetables by GC‐MS. Concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides were detected ranging from 0.0008 to 18.8200 mg/kg, among which organophosphorus pesticide concentrations exceeded their maximum residue levels (MRLs) in five samples. Carbamate and organochlorine pesticides were determined to have concentrations in the range of 0.0012–0.7928 mg/kg. The residual concentrations of carbamate pesticides in six samples and organochlorine pesticides in four samples exceeded their MRLs. The residual concentrations of five pyrethroid pesticides were within the range of 0.0016–6.0827 mg/kg and the pyrethroid residues in two samples exceeded their MRLs. The results revealed that pesticide residues in 70.73% of the vegetables samples were not detected, while in the rest of vegetables there were one or more pesticide residues and some even exceeded their MRLs, which would threaten the health of consumers. Our work provides significant information for the food safety regulations to control the excessive use of some pesticides on those kinds of vegetables from western China. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

桃中农药残留分析及膳食暴露评估研究

为明确并量化食用桃途径的农药膳食摄入风险水平,通过对19个桃主产区采集的98份样品进行农药残留检测,对桃中的农药残留急/慢性膳食摄入风险进行评估,并借鉴英国兽药残留委员会兽药残留风险排序矩阵进行农药和样品风险排序。结果在桃中检出了38种农药残留,98个样品的检出率为95.9%,检出的农药含量为0.007 4～3.399 3 mg/kg;检出农药的慢性膳食摄入风险(%ADI)和急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)的平均值分别为0.89%和11.09%,风险均低于100%,不会对人体产生慢性或急性风险;风险排序结果表明桃果品中氟虫腈、硫丹、灭多威、丁硫克百威、毒死蜱、联苯菊酯为6种为高风险农药,应在生产和质量安全监管中予以重点关注。该文为桃安全消费、农药残留监管和农药最大残留限量(MRLs)制修订提供了科学依据。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化气相色谱-质谱法检测河豚鱼、鳗鱼和对虾中191种农药残留

建立了河豚鱼、鳗鱼和对虾中191种农药多残留的气相色谱-质谱分析方法。样品用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(体积比为1:1)均质提取,凝胶渗透色谱净化,收集26～44 min的流出液并进行在线浓缩,通过气相色谱柱(DB-1701)分离后在选择离子监测(SIM)模式下进行质谱检测。分别以最低定量限和4倍最低定量限为添加浓度对河豚鱼、鳗鱼和对虾样品进行了两个水平的添加回收率实验,方法的回收率范围为50.2%～120%,其中89.5%的农药的回收率为70%～120%,相对标准偏差范围为0.6%～21.6%。方法的最小检出限和最低定量限范围分别为0.002～0.3 mg/kg和0.007～1.2 mg/kg。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药多残留检测的技术要求,适用于河豚鱼、鳗鱼和对虾等动物源性水产品中多种农药残留的检测。     

气相色谱法测定茶叶中多种有机磷农药残留量

 采用微量化学法和全自动固相萃取技术 ,建立了气相色谱法同时测定茶叶中 14种有机磷农药残留量的方法 ,并对样品的前处理作了一定的探讨。结果表明 ,采用程序升温 ,所测定的 14种有机磷农药在SPBTM 170 1石英毛细管柱上得到了很好的分离 ,且方法快速、灵敏 ,完全符合实际应用需要。     

快速滤过型净化结合气相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测茶叶中10种拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了快速滤过型净化（m-PFC）结合气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）测定茶叶中10种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法。比较了采用不同提取溶剂（乙腈、丙酮和乙酸乙酯）和不同提取方式（不加水浸泡和加水浸泡）时10种农药的提取效率；比较了2种QuEChERS净化管和m-PFC柱对茶叶提取液的净化效果和农药残留的回收率。结果表明，茶叶样品不加水浸泡，用乙腈提取效果最好；m-PFC柱对茶叶提取液净化效果良好，而且能保证较高的农药回收率。10种拟除虫菊酯农药在相应的范围内有良好的线性关系，相关系数（R²）大于0.9980；10种农药在4个水平添加下的回收率为87.5%~111.3%，RSD为2.1%~8.9%。方法的检出限为0.001~0.015 mg/kg，定量限为0.003~0.05 mg/kg。利用该方法检测市售50例茶叶样品中10种拟除虫菊酯农药的残留，检出率为48%，但农药残留量均在国家标准限量值以下。与传统QuEChERS法和固相萃取法相比，该方法具有操作简单、准确度和精密度良好等优点，为多种拟除虫菊酯类农药在茶叶中的残留测定提供了快速检测的新方法。     

Determination of pesticide residues in peaches by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometric detection

ABSTRACT

A multi-residue method using selected ion monitoring mode GC-MSD has been developed for the quantitative analysis of 30 widely used pesticides in fresh peaches produced in Swat Malakand, Pakistan. The planned methodology involved a sample extraction procedure using liquid-liquid partition with acetonitrile followed by a clean-up step based on solid-phase extraction (SPE). Method validation was performed in accordance with European Union guidelines. The European Union criteria (recovery 70–120%, RSD <20%) were met for majority of pesticides. For most of the pesticides, signal-to-noise ratios were good and background-corrected mass spectra often contained sufficient diagnostic to enable identity and confirmation. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range 0.01–1.0 mg/kg. The above method was successfully applied to the analysis of peach samples (n = 30) from the field. Pesticide concentration in real peach samples was compared with the maximum residue levels (MRLs). Pesticide residues were detected in 73% of the peach samples. Most frequent residues were metalaxyl, α-cypermethrin, azoxystrobin, dimethoate, tebuconazol, λ-cyhalothrin and spiromesifin in peach samples.     

Validation of a gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry based method for the quantification of pesticides in food commodities

A new multiresidue method has been validated in cucumber matrix for the routine analysis of 130 multiclass pesticide residues by gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The pesticides were extracted with ethyl acetate. A first identification of the pesticides was based on a tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) screening method, which monitors a single transition for each target compound, in less than 12 min. After that, potentially non-negative samples were analyzed again by the MS/MS confirmation/quantification method, which monitors two or three MS/MS transitions for each compound, also in less than 12 min. Performance characteristics, such as trueness, precision, linear range, detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ), for each pesticide were calculated. The average recoveries obtained ranged between 70 and 120% at three different fortification levels (25, 200 and 500 microg/kg) with precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), values lower than 15%. The calculated LOD and LOQ were typically <3.2 and 9.6 microg/kg, respectively. Such limits were much lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by European legislation. The proposed methodology was applied to the determination of pesticides in real vegetable samples from Almería (Spain).     

Liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry multi-residue determination of pesticides in apples and pears

This paper describes a rapid, specific and sensitive multi-residue method for the routine quantitative analysis of pesticides of several classes used for the treatment of apples and pears, down to their respective maximum residue limits (MRLs). It involves a rapid extraction procedure and liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass selective detection. Seven pesticides were extracted at pH 4.5 with a mixture of acetone-dichloromethane-hexane (50:20:30, v/v/v). Ionization was performed at atmospheric pressure in an electrospray-type source and detection was carried out using the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Extraction recoveries were between 55 and 98% except for methylthiophanate (< 20%). Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged, respectively, from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg and from 0.02 to 0.05 mg/kg, with relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) less than 19%. An excellent linearity was observed for LOQs up to 5 mg/kg. Intermediate ("inter-assay") precision and accuracy were satisfactory. The method was applied to many fruit samples intended for commercialization.     

改进的QuEChERS方法结合液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱快速筛查与确证调味茶中52种农药残留

建立了调味茶中52种农药残留的QuEChERS方法结合液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（LC-Q-TOF-MS）快速筛查方法。采用乙腈提取样品，经N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）、石墨化炭黑（GCB）、C₁₈净化，LC-Q-TOF-MS测定。结果表明：52种农药在调味茶中4个添加水平（10、20、50和100 μg/kg）下的回收率均在70%~120%之间，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=3）均小于20%，52种农药线性良好，线性相关系数（r）均大于0.99。52种添加农药的筛查限为0.001~0.01 mg/kg，定量限为0.002~0.02 mg/kg，均低于添加农药的欧盟最大残留限量（MRL）标准。该方法样品前处理简单、分析时间短、灵敏、可靠，适用于茶叶中多种农药残留的检测。     

Determination of five pesticide residues in oranges by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography to estimate daily intake of consumers.

Residues of benzoylphenylurea insecticides (diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, and flufenuxuron), carboxamide acaricides (hexythiazox), and carbamate insecticides (benfuracarb) were determined in 150 orange fruit samples from September 1998 to June 1999, to estimate exposure of the Valencian population to oranges contaminated with these newly developed pesticides. The method for monitoring these residues is based on matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography with UV or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (APCI/MS) detection. Orange samples representing 11 varieties were collected from an agricultural cooperative and examined for the 5 pesticides. In 74.6% of all analyzed samples, the pesticide residues were below detection limits, which ranged from 0.002 to 0.05 mg/kg. Residues were detected in 25.4% of the samples, with higher incidences of diflubenzuron, flufenuxuron, hexythiazox, and benfuracarb; hexaflumuron residues were detected only occasionally. Two different pesticides exceeded maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 4 (2.7%) of the orange samples. Diflubenzuron surpassed 1 mg/kg MRL in 3 samples and flufenuxuron exceeded the 0.3 mg/kg MRL in 3 samples. The estimated daily intake of the 5 pesticide residues during the period was 0.077 microg/kg body weight per day. This value is much lower than the total admissible daily intake proposed by the Food and Agricultural Organization and the World Health Organization.