外加场分离技术与微流控技术联用在微纳尺度物质分离中的研究进展

微纳尺度物质的分离和分选在精准医学、材料科学和单细胞分析等研究中至关重要。精准、高效和快速的分离微纳尺度物质能够为癌症的早期诊断、生物样品检测和细胞筛选提供重要帮助,其中基于外加场分离技术的分离微纳尺度物质因可以对微纳尺度物质高效在线分离和分选,被广泛应用于微纳米颗粒、外泌体以及生物细胞的分离工作中,而目前多数外加场分离技术存在装备繁琐和样品消耗大等问题。微流控技术是一种通过制作微通道和微流控芯片操纵微小流体对微纳尺度样品组分进行分离的技术,因具有快速检测、高通量、在线分离、集成性高、成本低等优势现被应用于微纳尺度物质分离分析中,是一种微纳尺度物质分离的有效方法,通过在微流控芯片上设计不同的通道及外部配件提高主动场对微纳尺度物质分离效率。外加场分离技术与微流控技术联用可以实现微纳尺度物质的无损、高效、在线分离。该综述主要概述了近年来在微流控芯片上依托流动场、电场、磁场及声场等外加场分离技术来提高对微纳尺度物质分离效率的研究现状,并将各个外力场对单细胞、微颗粒等微纳尺度物质的分离进行分类介绍,总结各自的优缺点及发展应用,最后展望了外加场分离技术与微流控技术联用在应用于癌细胞的早期筛查、精确分离微尺度物质领域的未来发展前景,并提出联用技术的优势和未来应用等。     

基于微流控芯片的固相萃取技术的研究进展

作为近年来最前沿的分析技术之一,微流控芯片技术具有高通量、微型化、多功能和集成化等独特优势,目前,该技术主要以生命科学体系为研究对象。但由于生化样品存在基质效应与干扰组分,使得样品分析备受干扰。因此发展微流控芯片中的样品前处理技术,对于样品尤其是复杂的生物样品的纯化和富集极其重要,同时这也是微流控芯片系统走向集成化和微型化必须突破的瓶颈之一。本文针对应用广泛的固相萃取技术,重点综述了微流控芯片上固相萃取技术的几种不同模式即开管柱、填充柱以及整体柱的特点及优缺点,并对微流控芯片系统的发展做出了展望。     

微流控芯片在食品安全分析中的应用进展

微流控芯片技术可以实现从样品处理到检测的微型化、自动化、集成化及便携化,因而在食品安全检测方面展现出强大的发展活力。目前微流控芯片技术在农药残留、兽药残留、重金属、食品添加剂等食品安全检测方面已取得了一系列重要进展。该文着重介绍了微流控芯片技术在食品安全分析中的研究进展,并展望了其在食品安全分析中的应用前景。     

芯片液相色谱技术进展

微型化是现代分析仪器发展的重要趋势。微型化液相色谱仪器在提供与常规尺度液相色谱相同甚至更高分离效率的同时,可以有效减少溶剂和样品的消耗;在液相色谱-质谱联用中,低流速进样可以有效提高质谱离子源的离子化效率,提高质谱检测效率;对于极微量样品的分离,微型化的液相色谱可以有效减少样品稀释;液相色谱的微型化还有利于液相色谱仪器整体的模块化和集成化设计。芯片液相色谱是在微流控芯片上制备色谱柱并集成相应的流体控制系统和检测系统。芯片液相色谱是色谱仪器微型化的一种重要方式,受到学术界和产业界的普遍关注,但是这一方式也充满挑战。液相色谱微流控芯片需要在芯片基底材料、芯片色谱柱的结构设计、微流体控制技术、检测器技术等方面做出创新,使微流控芯片系统适配液相色谱分离技术的需要。目前芯片液相色谱领域面临的主要问题在于芯片基底材料的性质难以满足芯片液相色谱进一步微型化和集成化的需求;因此芯片液相色谱在未来的发展中需要着重关注新型微流控芯片基底材料的开发以及微流控芯片通道结构的统一设计。该文着重介绍了芯片液相色谱技术近年来的研究进展,并简要展示了商品化芯片色谱当前的发展情况。     

微流控芯片电泳在食品安全与环境污染检测中的应用

微流控芯片电泳具有样品和试剂消耗量小、分析速度快、分离效率高以及便于微型化等特点,特别适合于食品安全和环境污染相关的现场快速检测。该文综述了微流控芯片电泳技术在食品安全与环境污染检测方面的研究进展,着重介绍了该技术在食品中有害物质残留、非法食品添加剂以及环境样品中有害无机离子、有机污染物等目标物检测方面的典型应用实例,在此基础上初步讨论了微流控芯片电泳走向实际应用面临的问题和可能的解决办法。     

微流控芯片分析及其在酶抑制剂筛选中的应用*

微流控芯片以其消耗少、易于微型化和集成化等优点在酶分析领域占有重要地位。近年来随着新检测技术的不断出现,酶抑制剂筛选芯片的结构也从简单的“混合-反应”和“分离-检测”,变得更加多样化和多功能化。微流控芯片上分子固定化酶、细胞培养等技术的进步为微流控芯片上实现酶抑制剂的高通量和高内涵筛选带来了巨大优势。本文对用于酶分析的微流控芯片的种类和构型进行简介和归纳总结,重点讨论和综述了其在酶抑制剂筛选中的应用及其最新研究进展。     

微流控芯片酶分析及其在酶抑制剂筛选中的应用

微流控芯片以其消耗少、易于微型化和集成化等优点在酶分析领域占有重要地位。近年来随着新检测技术的不断出现,酶抑制剂筛选芯片的结构也从简单的"混合-反应"和"分离-检测"变得更加多样化和多功能化。微流控芯片上分子固定化酶、细胞培养等技术的进步为微流控芯片上实现酶抑制剂的高通量和高内涵筛选带来了巨大优势。本文对用于酶分析的微流控芯片的种类和构型进行简介和归纳总结,重点讨论和综述了其在酶抑制剂筛选中的应用及其最新研究进展。     

化学发光二维两点检测微流控芯片系统

化学发光二维两点检测微流控芯片系统设计集成了一种可用于分离检测氨基酸、多肽和蛋白质等复杂样品的化学发光二维两点检测微流控芯片系统.该系统采用双检测器同时检测第一维和第二维的分离峰信息,可获得样品的二维分离谱图,满足了对多种复杂结构微流控芯片分离特性进行研究的要求.     

基于微流控驱动和控制技术的临床生化分析系统研究进展

微流控技术具有微量、高效、高通量、微型化、集成化、自动化的特点，为实现现场化、低成本的临床生化分析提供了一条可行的技术途径。针对于目前临床生化分析中复杂流体操控的难点，该文依据系统中采用驱动和控制方式的不同，对各种基于微流控技术的临床生化分析系统进行了分类介绍，同时也介绍了市场上商品化的微流控生化分析仪器，并对其各自特点进行了综合评述。     

微流控芯片检测技术进展

介绍了目前微流控芯片应用的3种主要检测手段:质谱检测器、电化学检测器和光学检测器。微流控芯片是微全分析系统(μ-TAS)中最活跃的领域和发展前沿。人们在微流控芯片的研究中已经取得了很大的进展,研制出了多种微型化、集成化的芯片,而与微流控芯片配套的高灵敏度微型检测系统更是研制的热点。     

Microfluidics technology for manipulation and analysis of biological cells

Analysis of the profiles and dynamics of molecular components and sub-cellular structures in living cells using microfluidic devices has become a major branch of bioanalytical chemistry during the past decades. Microfluidic systems have shown unique advantages in performing analytical functions such as controlled transportation, immobilization, and manipulation of biological molecules and cells, as well as separation, mixing, and dilution of chemical reagents, which enables the analysis of intracellular parameters and detection of cell metabolites, even on a single-cell level. This article provides an in-depth review on the applications of microfluidic devices for cell-based assays in recent years (2002–2005). Various cell manipulation methods for microfluidic applications, based on magnetic, optical, mechanical, and electrical principles, are described with selected examples of microfluidic devices for cell-based analysis. Microfluidic devices for cell treatment, including cell lysis, cell culture, and cell electroporation, are surveyed and their unique features are introduced. Special attention is devoted to a number of microfluidic devices for cell-based assays, including micro cytometer, microfluidic chemical cytometry, biochemical sensing chip, and whole cell sensing chip.     

微流控纸芯片在环境分析检测中的应用

近年来,微流控纸芯片由于低成本、便携化、检测快等优点,在需要快速检测的环境分析领域中展现出了巨大的应用前景.该综述从微流控纸芯片在环境分析中的应用角度,总结归纳了微流控纸芯片在环境分析中的最新研究进展,并展望了其在未来的发展趋势与挑战.论文内容引用150余篇源于科学引文索引(SCI)与中文核心期刊中的相关论文.该综述包...     

微流控芯片技术在生命科学研究中的应用

微流控芯片最初起源于分析化学领域,是一种采用精细加工技术,在数平方厘米的基片,制作出微通道网络结构及其它功能单元,以实现集微量样品制备、进样、反应、分离及检测于一体的快速、高效、低耗的微型分析实验装置.随着微电子及微机械制作技术的不断进步,近年来微流控芯片技术发展迅猛,并开始在化学、生命科学及医学器件等领域发挥重要作用.本文首先简单介绍了微流控芯片制作材料和工艺,然后主要阐述了其在蛋白质分离、免疫分析、DNA分析和测序、细胞培养及检测等方面的应用进展.     

Recent progress on microfluidic biosensors for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria

Rapid on-site detection of pathogenic bacteria with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming an urgent need in public health assurance, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety fields. Despite being reliable and widely used, the existing methods of bacteria detection are cumbersome and time-consuming, which is not conducive to field detection. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology has provided a detective tool for various analytes, due to its miniaturization, portabilit...     

基于微流控芯片的细胞外囊泡分离技术研究进展

细胞外囊泡（extracellular vesicles，EVs）是脂质双分子层包绕形成的半球状囊泡。研究表明EVs存在重要的生物学功能，同时EVs排放的数量、种类以及内含蛋白质、脂质或RNA等构成变化与疾病密切相关。EVs的研究将有助于理解其生物学功能和作用机制，同时也有望用于疾病的诊断和治疗，因此拥有巨大的临床应用前景。从复杂的体液样品中分离捕获EVs是实现基于EVs开展医学研究以及临床诊断的前提，但是目前绝大多数的EVs分离捕获仍然是采用传统分离手段，纯度低、效率差，迫切需要高效和高选择性的EVs分离手段。先进的微流控芯片技术具有微型化、集成化和自动化的优势，利用微流控芯片的EVs分离技术研究已成热点，本文围绕相关研究的最新进展进行了综述。     

Current development of microfluidic immunosensing approaches for mycotoxin detection via capillary electromigration and lateral flow technology

Mycotoxin contamination in the food chain has caused serious health issues in humans and animals. Thus, a rapid on-site and lab-independent detection method for mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins (AFTs), is desirable. Microfluidic chip based immunosensor technology is one of the most promising methods for fast mycotoxin assays. In this review, we cover the major microfluidic immunosensors used for mycotoxin analysis, via flow-through (capillary electromigration) and lateral flow technology. Sample preparation from different matrices of agricultural products and foodstuffs is summarized. The choice of materials, fabrication strategies, and detection methods for microfluidic immunosensors are further discussed in detail. The sensors application in mycotoxin determination is also outlined. Finally, future challenges and opportunities are discussed.     

Microfluidic chip electrophoresis for biochemical analysis

Microfluidic chip electrophoresis has been widely employed for separation of various biochemical species owing to its advantages of low sample consumption, low cost, fast analysis, high throughput, and integration capability. In this article, we reviewed the development of four different modes of microfluidics‐based electrophoresis technologies including capillary electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, and field (electric) flow fractionation. Coupling detection schemes on microfluidic electrophoresis platform were also reviewed such as optical, electrochemical, and mass spectrometry method. We further discussed the innovative applications of microfluidic electrophoresis for biomacromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins), biochemical small molecules (amino acids, metabolites, ions, etc.), and bioparticles (cells and pathogens) analysis. The future direction of microfluidic chip electrophoresis was predicted.     

Recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection technology for microfluidic chips

Microfluidic chip devices and their application to sensitive chemical and biological analyses have attracted significant attention over the past decade. The miniaturization of reaction systems offers practical advantages over conventional benchtop systems. In this case, however, a highly sensitive on-chip detection method is important for the monitoring of chemical reactions as well as for the detection of analytes inside the channel because the detection volume in a micrometer-size channel is extremely small. Recently, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is being regarded as a potential candidate for the highly sensitive detection of analytes in a microfluidic chip. This review provides a general survey and an in-depth look at recent developments in SERS techniques for the biological/environmental analysis of minute analytes in a microfluidic chip.     

New advances in microfluidic flow cytometry

In recent years, researchers are paying the increasing attention to the development of portable microfluidic diagnostic devices including microfluidic flow cytometry for the point‐of‐care testing. Microfluidic flow cytometry, where microfluidics and flow cytometry work together to realize novel functionalities on the microchip, provides a powerful tool for measuring the multiple characteristics of biological samples. The development of a portable, low‐cost, and compact flow cytometer can benefit the health care in underserved areas such as Africa or Asia. In this article, we review recent advancements of microfluidics including sample pumping, focusing and sorting, novel detection approaches, and data analysis in the field of flow cytometry. The challenge of microfluidic flow cytometry is also examined briefly.