延长Rb原子退相干时间镀膜材料的可行性研究

实验测量了镀石蜡Rb池和石英玻璃Rb池中Rb原子自旋态寿命.研究表明,镀石蜡Rb池的Rb原子自旋态寿命在温度T=50℃约为7ms,而在同样温度的石英玻璃池中,Rb原子自旋态寿命仅为20μs.这为基于自旋的量子存储实验提供了很好的借鉴.同时讨论了其他候选的材料来隔绝碱金属原子和容器壁的非弹性碰撞相互作用.根据实验结果,我们认为H原子布于笼状结构内部的C60H60以及BN材料有较大的实用前景.     

基于红失谐高斯光束的冷原子束流长距离传输

提出了一种利用红失谐高斯光束偶极力实现二维磁光阱长距离传输冷原子束的方案.利用二能级原子所受散射力公式分析并构造了87 Rb原子在光偶极阱二维磁光阱(2D-ODT MOT)中的受力公式,考虑了原子与背景气体碰撞的影响,利用四阶龙格-库塔法求解原子运动方程,获得原子的运动轨迹,统计并求出原子在不同高斯光束失谐以及功率条件作用下进入差分泵浦范围的原子数.实验验证了在红失谐高斯光束与原子束推送光相互组合的4种工作状态下科学实验腔中磁光阱冷原子装载情况.理论与实验结果表明:基于红失谐高斯光束的二维磁光阱长距离传输冷原子束的效果提升显著,科学腔原子装载效率明显提升、原子数目明显增加.     

延长Rb原子退相干时间镀膜材料的可行性研究

实验测量了镀石蜡Rb池和石英玻璃Rb池中Rb原子自旋态寿命. 研究表明,镀石蜡Rb池的Rb原子自旋态寿命在温度T=50℃约为7　ms,而在同样温度的石英玻璃池中,Rb原子自旋态寿命仅为20 μs. 这为基于自旋的量子存储实验提供了很好的借鉴. 同时讨论了其他候选的材料来隔绝碱金属原子和容器壁的非弹性碰撞相互作用. 根据实验结果,我们认为H原子布于笼状结构内部的C₆₀H₆₀以及BN材料有较大的实用前景.     

Rb原子激发态碰撞能量转移

报道了用连续单模激光激发Rb原子至特定的激发态，从而观察激发态间的碰撞形成更高Rb原子激发态的实验结果.实验观察到Rb原子激发态的自发辐射与高激发态的碰撞形成通道之间的明显竞争，测得了高激发态的形成概率与激发光功率、原子蒸气温度及激光失谐的关系，所提出的碰撞能量转移机理较好地解释了实验结果. 关键词：     

玻色-费米气体量子简并光学偶极阱的设计

实现了将预冷却(温度约为1～2μK)的87 Rb和40 K原子装载到远红失谐的光学偶极力阱中,继而利用逐步降低光强的方法对其进行蒸发冷却,获得了87 Rb原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC),并用协同冷却的方法得到了40 K原子的量子简并(DFG)。实验上通过光纤传输远红失谐激光束降低了光束指向性的抖动,又利用光强反馈伺服系统抑制远红失谐激光的强度抖动,提高了获得玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚和简并费米气体的重复性和稳定性。实验上得到玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的原子数达8.48×105个,简并费米气体的原子数量约为3.34×106个。     

多微管阵列结构腔-原子吸收光谱测量Rb同位素比

Rb同位素分析在地质探索和环境监测中具有重要应用价值.本文基于可调谐激光吸收光谱技术,通过热分解的样品处理方式,搭建了一套Rb同位素吸收光谱测量装置,实现了Rb同位素比稳定测量.并通过新型多微管阵列结构设计原子发生器,增强了其原子束准直能力,有效抑制了光谱的多普勒效应,提高Rb同位素光谱分辨率.装置选用钽金属制作6 mm口径的高温原子发生器,内部堆叠1 mm口径微管阵列,发生器经电阻加热最高可达3000℃.实验通过高温(600℃)催化Rb₂CO₃样品释放气态Rb原子,同步利用探测激光通过Rb原子进行测量,获得高分辨率Rb原子吸收光谱,结合谱线参数反演获得自然丰度Rb₂CO₃样品中Rb同位素比(⁸⁵Rb:⁸⁷Rb)为2.441±0.02,探测误差为5.9%,⁸⁷Rb检测极限达1.76‰(3σ).实验结果表明,相较于传统的单管结构,采用多微管阵列结构进行测量时,Rb原子谱线展宽降低了约450 MHz (半高全宽),可有效区分Rb同位素的吸...     

铷原子蒸汽中的光偏振旋转效应

对铷原子(⁸⁷Rb)蒸汽中的法拉第旋转、光学偏振自旋转以及二者的叠加旋转效应进行了理论和实验研究.对三种情况下旋转现象建立了简单而有效的理论模型. 实验中把铷原子泡置于自行设计的磁屏蔽腔内, 以屏蔽地磁场的影响.实验选择⁸⁷Rb F=2→F'=3能级D2跃迁线并采用零多普勒光谱 实验结构消除多普勒展宽对实验光谱的影响. 实验中分别观测到了三种旋转现象,实验结果与理论模拟结果非常符合.     

铷原子蒸汽中原子相干性导致的Kerr非线性增强效应及其应用研究

我们在理论和实验上研究了电磁感应透明对三能级Λ型Rb87原子蒸汽的Kerr非线性系数增强和减弱效应[1,2].用环型腔测量了Rb87原子的Kerr非线性折射率对耦合光强度、频率的依赖关系.发现当耦合光频率改变时,Rb87原子介质的Kerr非线性折射率将改变符号,并应用这一结果实现了腔内光场的开关控制.     

一种低速、连续、单色性好的冷原子束

本文提出一种利用磁光阱冷却捕获技术制备低速、连续、单色性好原子束的方法及技术.采用3维磁光阱从背景Rb蒸汽中捕获Rb87原子进行冷却、捕获形成原子云团,利用在纵向方向上结构设计的小孔将冷原子云团推出形成冷原子束,并在原子束行进方向上采用2维光学黏胶对原子束进行准直,采用态制备激光对其进行态制备,全部制备到Rb87原子的基态能级|F=1>上,从而为原子惯性技术(原子干涉仪、原子重力仪、原子加速度计)、原子频标(原子钟)提供低速、连续、单色性好的原子束.文章对于制备技术的实验系统及实验结果进行了详细的阐述.     

40K-87Rb原子冷却的半导体激光系统

对40K-87Rb原子冷却的半导体激光系统提出了一种实验方案,并进行了初步实验.采用三台外腔光栅反馈半导体激光器(ECDL)、四台注入锁定从激光器和一台半导体激光放大器组成激光系统.三台ECDL通过声光调制器产生四束光,分别作为40K和87Rb原子的冷却光和再抽运光,四束不同频率成分的激光分别注入锁定四台从激光器,然后Rb冷却光、K冷却光和K再抽运光再同时注入半导体激光放大器进行放大.该装置可同时产生冷却40K和87Rb原子的冷却光和再抽运光,结构紧凑、工作稳定.     

Ultranarrow bandwidth tunable atomic filter via quantum interference-induced polarization rotation in Rb vapor

We report the experimental demonstration of an ultranarrow bandwidth atomic filter by optically induced polarization rotation in multilevel electromagnetically induced transparency systems in hot Rb vapor. With a coupling intensity of 2.3 W/cm^2, the filter shows a peak transmission of 33.2% and a bandwidth of 10 MHz. By altering the coupling frequency, a broad tuning range of several Doppler linewidths of the D1 line transitions of STRb atoms can be obtained. The presented atomic filter has useful features of ultranarrow bandwidth, and the operating frequency can be tuned resonance with the atomic transition. Such narrowband tunable atomic filter can be used as an efficient noise rejection tool in classical and quantum optical applications.     

Narrowband switchable dual-passband atomic filter with four-wave mixing optical amplification

By using Faraday optical filter combined with four-wave mixing (FWM) amplifier, a narrow bandwidth optical amplifying atomic filter with switchable dual-passband is demonstrated experimentally. The two transmission peaks of the filter correspond to the Stokes and anti-Stokes frequencies, exhibiting a Raman gain in 13- and 17-fold, respectively, with bandwidth of ～120 MHz. By properly setting pump laser detuning, switching between filter passbands is realized. We also investigate the dependence of peak transmission on both pump laser intensity and Rb cell temperature. This atomic filter can find practical applications in long-distance laser communications and laser remote-sensing systems.     

Analyses of transmission characteristics of Rb, Rb and Rb Faraday optical filters at 532 nm

In this paper, the transmission characteristics for Rb, ⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb Faraday optical filters at 532 nm that can be used to detect the practical and important frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser are analyzed and discussed. The theoretical model of an excited-state Faraday optical filter based on the hyperfine structures of atomic system in the intermediate field, what is to our knowledge, is firstly reported. This model predicts that the peak transmission is approximately 50% with an equivalent bandwidth of less than 3 GHz for filters operating on the 5P_1/2 → 10S_1/2 transition in Rb, ⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb vapors, respectively. Moreover, the transmission property of ⁸⁷Rb atomic vapor is superior to that of Rb, ⁸⁵Rb atomic vapors, which makes it more suitable for the operation material of Faraday optical filters by comparison with natural Rb vapor.     

Ultranarrow-bandwidth atomic filter with Raman light amplification

A Raman-amplified atomic filter is demonstrated experimentally. With a coupling light detuned from the D2 line of 85Rb, a weak signal light can be amplified by a factor of 55, and the bandwidth of the filter's transmission spectrum is narrowed to approximately 60 MHz. Moreover, the transmission wavelength is adjustable by changing the coupling-light frequency. Compared with a conventional dispersive atomic filter, this Raman-amplified atomic filter could be more efficient to suppress background noise in free-space quantum-key distribution or a laser-communication system.     

Ultranarrow bandwidth Faraday atomic filter approaching natural linewidth based on cold atoms

An ultranarrow bandwidth Faraday atomic filter is realized based on cold ~(87)Rb atoms. The atomic filter operates at 780 nm on the 5~2 S_(1/2), F = 2 to 5~2 P_(3/2), F'= 3 transition with a bandwidth of 7.1(8) MHz, which is approaching the natural linewidth of the transition. The peak transmission achieves 2.6(3)% by the multi-pass probe method. This atomic filter based on cold atoms may find potential applications in self-stabilizing lasers in the future.     

Analyses of the Properties of Tunable Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter at 589nm

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Determination of the atomic density of rubidium-87

Atomic density is a basic and important parameter in quantum optics, nonlinear optics, and precision measurement.In the past few decades, several methods have been used to measure atomic density, such as thermionic effect, optical absorption, and resonance fluorescence. The main error of these experiments stemmed from depopulation of the energy level, self-absorption, and the broad bandwidth of the laser. Here we demonstrate the atomic density of87 Rb vapor in paraffin coated cell between 297 K and 334 K mainly using fluorescence measurement. Optical pumping, anti-relaxation coating, and absorption compensation approaches are used to decrease measurement error. These measurement methods are suitable for vapor temperature at dozens of degrees. The fitting function for the experimental data of87 Rb atomic density is given.     

法拉第反常色散滤光器透射谱的普遍计算方法

报道了一种计算法拉第反常色散滤光器（ＦＡＤＯＦ）透射谱的普遍方法,该方法可计算不同碱金属元素工作在任意电偶极跃迁和任意磁场强度下的法拉第反常色散滤光器透射谱,对主动式和被动式法拉第反常色散滤光器同样适用,该方法还可进一步推广到其它类型的原子滤光器（如斯塔克型原子滤光器）的计算,给出了采用这种方法对铷主动式７７５．９ｎｍ法拉第反常色散滤光器透射谱的计算结果,与实验曲线符合较好。     

Conditional spin squeezing of a large ensemble via the vacuum Rabi splitting

We use the vacuum Rabi splitting to perform quantum nondemolition measurements that prepare a conditionally spin squeezed state of a collective atomic psuedospin. We infer a 3.4(6) dB improvement in quantum phase estimation relative to the standard quantum limit for a coherent spin state composed of uncorrelated atoms. The measured collective spin is composed of the two-level clock states of nearly 10(6) (87)Rb atoms confined inside a low finesse F=710 optical cavity. This technique may improve atomic sensor precision and/or bandwidth, and may lead to more precise tests of fundamental physics.     

Slow spin relaxation of Rb atoms confined in glass cells filled with dense 4He gas at 1.85 K

At temperatures below 2.1 K, long-lived gaseous Rb atoms in glass cells have been generated with a simple method: irradiating the cells, containing 4He gas and Rb metal, with a cw laser. The obtained atomic Rb density ( approximately 10(8) cm(-3)) decreases with a 1/e time constant of about 10 s at 1.85 K. We have performed optical pumping of the Rb atoms and measured the longitudinal electronic spin relaxation time at 1.85 K as well. For processes (such as Rb-He collisions) which do not remove the atomic Rb from the vapor, this relaxation time is found to be about 60+/-15 s.