南海北部深水油气新认识

南海北部陆缘深水区由于陆缘地壳的强烈伸展减薄,形成了多个宽深断陷所构成的盆地群,发育多种类型烃源岩和大型储集砂体。大型盆地、广泛分布的多类型烃源岩、高-变地温场的耦合共控,奠定了深水油气资源的物质基础。大型供给水系、构造地貌、相对海平面升降的相互作用,形成3种类型的沉积体系,控制了深水区大型储集体的发育和展布,但高热流加速了深水沉积物压实和成岩作用。南海北部陆缘深水油气勘探前景广阔,烃源岩、有效储层以及热流3因素的复杂多变,决定了油气勘探中机遇与挑战并存。     

南海西沙群岛西科1井上新统-全新统碳酸盐岩微相分析

 西科1井为全取心科学钻井。采用定量微相分析方法,通过精细的岩芯观察和系统的薄片分析,对西科1井上新统-全新统碳酸盐岩微相进行精细研究,以阐明各组分类型和微相类型的纵向分布特征。研究表明,研究区碳酸盐岩表现出颗粒含量高,基质和胶结物含量低的特点。根据碳酸盐岩组分的显微特征,识别出19种微相类型,主要为生屑泥粒灰岩、生屑粒泥灰岩、珊瑚骨架灰岩和苔藓动物粘结灰岩。碳酸盐岩微相纵向分布表明:乐东组经历了动荡水沉积-强动荡水与动荡水交互沉积-动荡水与弱动荡水交互沉积。莺歌海组经历了强动荡水沉积、动荡水与弱动荡水交互沉积-动荡水沉积。     

鄂尔多斯西南缘水泉岭组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征

对采自鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘中奥陶统水泉岭组的碳酸盐岩进行详细的元素地球化学分析,探讨各特征元素对古环境、古气候的指示意义。研究认为,研究区所测样品中典型陆源特征元素(如Al,Th,Zr等)的含量均较低,Y/Ho比值平均为41.27,均反映出研究区碳酸盐岩较少受陆源成分影响的特征;δEu和δCe对ΣREE未呈现出良好的相关性,也不具备明显的Eu正异常,这说明其受成岩作用和热液作用的影响也较为有限,所采样品能够较好地反映原始沉积环境。此外,结合MgO/CaO,V/(V+Ni),Th/U,Sr/Ba,V/Ni和m值等特征元素分析,研究区中奥陶统水泉岭组碳酸盐岩早期发育在高温潮湿且盐度较大的还原环境之中,而晚期则表现出盐度相对降低的弱氧化还原环境。     

赫章县三万坪铅锌矿区地球物理特征

本文对赫章县铅锌矿区地球物理特征进行了分析,结果表明激电中梯圈定异常为浅部铁矿引起。物探激电异常可有效指示矿层位置,但在深部是否同样存在铅锌矿致异常,还没有充分的依据,尚需进一步工程验证。     

南海北部陆坡地形特征及其影响因素研究

南海北部陆坡位于南海北部大陆边缘,地质构造活动丰富,是大陆和深海进行物质和能量交换的重要过渡区。研究北部陆坡区复杂的地形地貌,有助于深化对南海北部陆缘海底地质活动与环境变化的认识,并为资源勘探与工程建设提供基础地质信息支撑。本研究基于全球水深地形图（General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans,GEBCO）数据及实测多波束数据,对南海北部陆坡的地形地貌进行研究,识别出不同的地貌类型,并探讨其形成和发展的控制因素。研究表明,南海北部陆坡发育有海台、海山、海丘、海槽、海底峡谷以及冷泉地貌类型。南海北部陆坡地形地貌的发育和演化主要受控于构造活动及火山活动,而外动力地质作用如沉积输运、海平面变化及甲烷流体的活动等,都对研究区的地形地貌做了进一步的改造,使之更加复杂。     

南海北部陆缘黏土矿物组合特征与地质意义

采用沉积矿物分析方法对南海北部九口探井渐新世—中新世沉积物进行系统的黏土矿物分析.结果表明:南海北部沉积物黏土矿物组成随时间及空间呈现规律性变化,黏土矿物伊/蒙转化深度具有自北向南逐步变浅的规律,与地温梯度升高变化趋势基本一致,这种黏土矿物伊/蒙转化的变化规律反映了南海北部洋陆过渡地壳减薄,莫霍面抬升,热流值升高的趋势.通过黏土矿物组合演变特征与热流变化趋势的相关关系,可以预测区域性温度场变化规律,加深对南海北部洋陆过渡地壳厚度变化的认识.     

碳酸盐岩生物礁地震响应特征的数值模拟

针对碳酸盐岩生物礁储层具有较强非均质性的特点,利用叠前黏弹性波动方程正演数值模拟方法,模拟了碳酸盐岩生物礁、滩的地震响应特征,为地震资料识别生物礁储层提供依据.模拟结果显示,在生物礁两侧出现上超反射,礁顶明显见披覆现象,在礁体内部产生S形前积反射、弱反射或杂乱反射,在礁前缘斜坡相外形呈楔状且礁底为下超反射终止.此外,礁体顶底界反射产生极性反转,底部反射同相轴可能出现上凸或下凹现象,而深度域成像剖面可以消除上凸或下凹现象.     

南海北部超深水区兴宁凹陷古近纪沉积充填特征

探讨南海北部兴宁凹陷古近纪沉积充填特征,为超深水油气勘探提供基础地质依据。结合邻区研究成果,通过系统的地震层序地层学和地震相等综合分析,表明兴宁凹陷古近系文昌组、恩平组和珠海组之间均为不整合接触;古近系共识别出12个Ⅲ级层序。文昌组、恩平组为陆相湖盆沉积,具有缓坡带三角洲发育、缓坡浅水区滨浅湖发育、陡坡带扇三角洲发育及凹陷中心部位半深湖-深湖发育的特点;珠海组则为浅海三角洲沉积。总体的海侵沉积过程形成了恩平组湖相泥岩烃源岩与文昌组和珠海组砂岩储层的时空组合,指示研究区具有一定的油气勘探潜力。     

塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩碳氧稳定同位素地球化学特征

中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层是塔里木盆地塔中地区的主要油气产层.利用碳氧稳定同位素的分布特征和变化规律,可分析影响碳酸盐岩沉积环境和成岩作用的因素.中-下奥陶统的碳酸盐岩可在垂向上把δ13C和δ18O值的变化趋势划分为三段,二者的变化趋势是一致的.中-上奥陶统岩层碳氧稳定同位素比值明显下降,证明中-下奥陶统经历过一次短暂的抬升暴露和随后的大面积海水加深淹没事件.海水淹没时期,大量C转到海水之中,海水中沉淀出的碳酸盐岩的δ13C值相对较低.     

The deep thermal characteristic of continental margin of the northern South China Sea

Heat flow plays an important role in the study of thermal structure and thermal evolution of continental margin of the northern South China Sea. The analysis of heat flow value shows that margin heat flow in the northern South China Sea is relatively high setting, but the percentage of crustal heat flow is lower than 35% in terrestrial heat flow. The terrestrial heat flow exhibited a current of rise from the Northern Continental Margin to the Southern Central Basin. However, the proportion of crustal heat flow in terrestrial heat flow slowly dropped down in the same direction. It is suggested that the main factor causing high heat flow setting is the moving up of hot material from asthenosphere.     

Lithospheric thermal-rheological structures of the continental margin in the northern South China Sea

Thermal structures of three deep seismic profiles in the continental margin in the northern South China Sea are calculated, their "thermal" lithospheric thicknesses are evaluated based on the basalt dry solidus, and their rheological structures are evaluated with linear frictional failure criterion and power-law creep equation. "Thermal" lithosphere is about 90 km in thickness in shelf area, and thins toward the slope, lowers to 60-65 km in the lower slope, ocean crust and Xisha Trough. In the mid-west of the studied area, the lithospheric rheological structure in shelf area and Xisha Islands is of four layers: brittle, ductile, brittle and ductile. Because of uprising of heat mantle and thinning of crust and lithosphere in Xisha Trough, the bottom of the upper brittle layer is only buried at 16 km. In the eastern area, the bottom of the upper brittle layer in the north is buried at 20 km or so, while in lower slope and ocean crust, the rheological structure is of two layers of brittle and ductile, and crust and uppermost mantle form one whole brittle layer whose bottom is buried at 30-32 km. Analyses show that the characteristics of rheological structure accord with the seismic result observed. The character of rheological stratification implies that before the extension of the continent margin, there likely was a ductile layer in mid-lower crust. The influence of the existence of ductile layer to the evolution of the continent margin and the different extensions of ductile layer and brittle layer should not be overlooked. Its thickness, depth and extent in influencing continent margin's extension and evolution should be well evaluated in building a dynamic model for the area.     

南海深层水的来龙去脉

中国南海是一个半封闭、深海盆、多岛屿(海山)、多连通的边缘海,南海深层水十分活跃,更新时间快,具有典型的南海深层环流特征。综述了目前海洋学家对南海深层水的认知,厘清了南海深层水的来龙去脉,并阐述了南海深层环流的特色。     

Internal tide characteristics over northern South China Sea continental slope

21-day in-situ ADCP current and CTD data from an anchored observational station by R/V Shiyan 3 are used to investigate the characteristics of intemal tide in the northern South China Sea continental slope. The results show that tide and internal tide are both mixed type in the observed region and dominated by diurnals; the maximum internal tidal major axes of K1, O1 were largest and reached 11 cm/s, 10 cm/s, respectively, and their current vectors rotate anticlockwise. The 300 m-deep internal tide presents obvious quasi-diurnal oscillation and its average amplitude reaches 50 m. Furthermore, internal tide carried high energy; in the upper layers above 140 m, the kinetic energy of intemal tides accounts for 15%--37% of overall kinetic energy, most of internal tide energy concentrates around the thermocline.     

Some characteristics and evolution of the internal soliton in the northern South China Sea

Based on the observational data of an internal soliton in the northern South China Sea (SCS) on June 14, 1998, the possible source of the internal soliton is analyzed, and some of its characteristic parameters such as phase speed, wave length, etc. are computed. Based on the analyses of the vertical modes of the internal wave, the characteristics of the wave-induced current during the propagation of the internal soliton are studied. A regularized long wave (RLW) equation numerical model considering effects of multi-fac- tors is employed, and the observed environmental parameters are used as the initial conditions to simulate the propagation and evolution of the internal soliton in the continental shelf of the northern SCS.     

南海深海盆的沉积充填

依据大洋钻探井及地震剖面资料,定量确定南海同扩张期和后扩张期深海盆沉积充填差异及沉积物来源变化。研究显示,南海深海盆自渐新世(32 Ma)开始形成,随着南海二次扩张海盆范围逐渐扩大,海盆内主要充填火山碎屑角砾岩及火山灰,碳酸盐岩、超微化石软泥,泥质粘土、粉砂质粘土、泥岩及粉细砂岩。深海盆充填主要沉积物为晚中新世(11.6Ma)以来的陆源碎屑沉积,丰富陆源碎屑的供给与南海闭合过程中同期区域构造事件(如青藏高原快速隆升、菲律宾板块俯冲)密切相关,也与晚中新世以来东亚季风增强以及源区强烈的风化剥蚀有关。     

Glycerol ether biomarkers and their carbon isotopic compositions in a cold seep carbonate chimney from the Shenhu area,northern South China Sea

At modern cold seeps,the anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM)is the dominant pathway for methane consumption in marine sediments.AOM,which is mediated by a consortium of methane oxidizing archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria,is proposed to be responsible for authigenic carbonate formation.A methane-derived carbonate chimney was collected from the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea.The membrane lipids and their very low carbon isotopic compositions(?115‰to?104‰)in the Shenhu chimney suggest the presence of an AOM process.Three specific archaeal and bacterial biomarkers were detected,including Ar,DAGE 1f,and monocyclic MDGD.Their strongly depleted??13C values(?115‰to?104‰),which are lower than those of the normal marine lipids in sediments,reveal biogenic methane as their origin.The carbonate deposits exhibiting a chimney structure indicate that a vigorous methane-rich fluid expulsion may have occurred at the seafloor.We propose that the decomposition of gas hydrates at depth is the likely cause of seepage and cold seep carbonate formation in the Shenhu area.     

南海生物礁碳酸盐台地演化

南海碳酸盐台地分布自早中新世开始发育,至中中新世达到鼎盛,再到晚中新世大量台地被淹没而逐渐消亡。从分布看,南海碳酸盐台地具有南早北晚、东早西晚的发育规律;从堆积速率看,中中新统速率最大。控制这些台地的诞生、发育演化和消亡的因素十分复杂,可能包括构造活动、相对海平面的变化、陆源碎屑物质输入变化、古海洋环境变化。