Forced oscillations in a rotating liquid (I)

Zusammenfassung Der vorliegenden Analyse liegen die linearisierten Gleichungen für die achsensymmetrischen Störungen einer gleichförmig rotierenden Flüssigkeit zugrunde. Dabei wird aber keine Annahme hinsichtlich einer Zeitabhängigkeit der erzwungenen Bewegungen gemacht und die Entwicklung der Störungen vom Beginn der erzwungenen Bewegung an studiert. Ungeachtet der sich zeigenden analytischen Schwierigkeiten können über die allgemeinen Störbewegungen Aussagen gemacht werden.Für die relativ schnellen harmonischen Schwingungen (mit einer Störfrequenz grösser als die doppelte Rotationsfrequenz) findet man, nachdem die Einwirkung zeitlich genügend dauerte, dass die Bewegung der Flüssigkeit und jene des erzwungenen Mechanismus — wie in den früheren Arbeiten angenommen — überall phasengleich ist. Demgegenüber wird für Schwingungen mit kleinerer Relativfrequenz ein System fortschreitender Wellen vorausgesagt. Spezielle Aufmerksamkeit wird hier dem früheren Falle geschenkt; mit Hilfe einer Ähnlichkeitsbetrachtung kann die Analyse einer breiten Klasse der durch kleine harmonische Schwingungen erregten Bewegungen auf ein Problem der Potentialtheorie reduziert werden. Als Beispiele werden die axial schwingende und die radial pulsierende Kugel kurz erörtert.     

The natural oscillations of an elastic body with a heavy rigid spike-shaped inclusion

It is established that oscillations in the low-frequency range are characteristic for a body with a heavy-rigid spike-shaped inclusion, and corresponding modes mainly occur as flexural deformations of the tip of the spike, localized close to its vertex.     

Interaction of a hollow cylinder of finite length and a plate with a cylindrical cavity with a rigid insert

Two problems of the interaction of a hollow circular cylinder with load-free ends and an unbounded plate with a cylindrical cavity and a symmetrically imbedded rigid insert are considered. Homogeneous solutions are found and the generalized orthogonality of these solutions is used when the modified boundary conditions are satisfied. As a result, we have a system of two integral equations in functions of the displacements of the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow cylinder. These functions are sought in the form of sums of a trigonometric series and a power function with a root singularity. The ill-posed infinite systems of linear algebraic equations obtained are regularized by the introduction of small positive parameters. Since the elements of the matrices of the systems as well as the contact stresses are defined by poorly converging numerical and functional series, an efficient method for calculating of the remainders of the above-mentioned series is developed. Formulae are found for the contact pressure distribution function and the integral characteristic. Examples of the calculation of the interaction of the cylinder and the plate with an insert are given.The method of solving contact problems described here has been used earlier1, 2 and the generalized orthogonality of the solutions found for bodies of finite dimensions, that is, for a rectangle and cylinders of finite length, is its basis. Problems for hollow cylinders with a band ² and an insert reduce to a system of two integral equations, and the problem for a rectangle¹ reduces to one integral equation. Solving these integral equations, ill-posed systems of linear algebraic equations are obtained which are subject to regularization³.     

Problem of small and normal oscillations of a rotating elastic body filled with an ideal barotropic liquid

An evolutionary problem of small motions of an ideal barotropic liquid filling a rotating isotropic elastic body is studied in the paper. Moreover, the corresponding spectral problem arising in the study of normal motions of the mentioned system is considered. First, we state the evolutionary problem, then we pass to a second-ordered differential equation in some Hilbert space. Based on this equation, we prove the uniqueness theorem for the strong solvability of the corresponding mixed problem. The spectral problem is studied in the second part of the paper. A quadratic spectral sheaf corresponding to the spectral problem was derived and studied. Problems of localization, discreteness, and asymptotic form of the spectrum are considered for this sheaf. The statement of double completeness with a defect for a system of eigenelements and adjoint elements and the statement of essential spectrum of the problem are proved.     

(i)-Convergence and its application to a sequence of functions

Let , where A is a directed set containing cofinal chains — a generalized sequence in a complete chain. It is established that every such sequence contains a monotonic cofinal sub-sequence. For a monotonically increasing (decreasing) bounded sequence , by definition, we put . For an arbitrary sequence the (i)-limit is defined as the common (i)-limit of its monotonic cofinal sub-sequences. The properties of (i)-convergence and some of its applications to generalized sequences of mappings are discussed.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 809–820, December, 1973.     

Oscillatory modes of instability for flow between rotating cylinders with a transverse pressure gradient

Résumé L'analyse de l'effet du gradient transversal de la pression sur la stabilité de l'écoulement de Couette d'un fluide newtonien était basée sur la supposition que l'apparition de l'instabilité est due à la présence d'un mouvement secondaire, stationnaire et axialement symmétrique. Récemment on a demontré (Hughes et Reid) que, pour un tel écoulement, il existe des intervals de nombres d'ondes longitudinales de perturbation, pour lesquels les deux modes stationnaires inferieurs n'existent pas. Comme d'aprés le critère de Rayleigh, des couches stables et instables du fluide existent dans l'écoulement de base, il paraît raisonnable de poser la question si les modes d'oscilla tions neutres, du type étudié par Chang et Sartory pour un écoulement hydromagnetique de Couette, peuvent apparaître à ces nombres d'onde. On prouve dans ce travail qu'un tel type de mode oscillatoire des perturbations peut exister et que l'apparition de l'instabilité peut dépendre de l'apparition d'un tel mode.     

On oscillations of a semi-infinite rotating liquid with its free surface excited by moving sources

Propagation of small perturbations in a homogeneous inviscid liquid rotating with a constant angular velocity in the lower half-space is considered. The source of excitation is a plane wave traveling on the free surface of the liquid. The explicit analytical solution to the problem is constructed. Uniqueness and existence theorems are proved. The wave pattern in the liquid at large times is examined.     

Scattering of an acoustic pulse by a rigid sphere on a sedimentary (fluid) bottom

We study the problem of scattering of acoustic pulses on a rigid sphere located near the interface of two media in one of which (the bottom) sound absorption is taken into account. To find the amplitudes of the echo-signal in the distal field we apply the Fourier transform with respect to time and the method of T-matrices. Translated fromMatematichni Metodi ta Fiziko-Mekhanichni Polya, Vol. 40, No. 2, 1997, pp. 137–141.     

On the orbital stability of pendulum-like oscillations and rotations of a symmetric rigid body with a fixed point

We deal with the problem of orbital stability of planar periodic motions of a dynamically symmetric heavy rigid body with a fixed point. We suppose that the center of mass of the body lies in the equatorial plane of the ellipsoid of inertia. Unperturbed periodic motions are planar pendulum-like oscillations or rotations of the body around a principal axis keeping a fixed horizontal position. Local coordinates are introduced in a neighborhood of the unperturbed periodic motion and equations of the perturbed motion are obtained in Hamiltonian form. Regions of orbital instability are established by means of linear analysis. Outside the above-mentioned regions, nonlinear analysis is performed taking into account terms up to degree 4 in the expansion of the Hamiltonian in a neighborhood of unperturbed motion. The nonlinear problem of orbital stability is reduced to analysis of stability of a fixed point of the symplectic map generated by the equations of the perturbed motion. The coefficients of the symplectic map are determined numerically. Rigorous results on the orbital stability or instability of unperturbed motion are obtained by analyzing these coefficients. The orbital stability is investigated analytically in two limiting cases: small amplitude oscillations and rotations with large angular velocities when a small parameter can be introduced.     

Numerical solution of the equilibrium problem for a membrane with embedded rigid inclusions

The equilibrium problem for a membrane containing a set of volume and thin rigid inclusions is considered. A solution algorithm reducing the original problem to a system of Dirichlet ones is proposed. Several examples are presented in which the problem is solved numerically by applying the finite element method.     

The oscillations of a body with an orbital tethered system

The motion about a centre of mass of a rigid body with a tethered system, designed to launch a re-entry capsule from a circular orbit is considered. In the deployment of the tethered system the direction and value of the tensile strength of the tether vary and, if the point of application of the tensile strength does not coincide with the centre of mass of the body, a moment occurs which leads to oscillations of the body with variable amplitude and frequency. A non-linear equation of the perturbed motion of the body about the centre of mass under the action of the tensile force of the tether and the gravitational moment is derived. Assuming that the change in the value and direction of the tensile force is slow and also that the gravitational moment is small, approximate and exact solutions of the non-linear differential equation of the unperturbed motion are obtained in terms of elementary functions and elliptic Jacobi functions. For perturbed motion, the action integral is expressed in terms of complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind.     

Planar motion and stability for a rigid body with a beam in a field of central gravitational force

Planar motion for a rigid body with an elastic beam in a field of central gravitational force was investigated, and both of the orbital motion and attitude motion were under consideration. The equations of motion of the system were derived by the variational principle, and on view point of generalized Hamiltonian dynamics, the sufficient conditions for the stability of one class of relative equilibria were given by the energymomentum method.     

Contact with break-off under bending of an elastic strip with a rigid disk

We consider the problem of the theory of elasticity of the contact interaction of a rigid circular disk and an elastic strip, which rests upon two supports with disturbance of contact in the middle part of the contact region. On the basis of the Wiener–Hopf method, an integral equation of the problem is reduced to an infinite system of algebraic equations. The size of the zone of break-off of the boundary of the strip from the disk and the distribution of contact stresses are determined.     

Oscillations of a rigid body containing an elastic element with distributed parameters

The motions of a hybrid (discrete-continual) system, consisting of a carrier rigid body and an elastic element with distributed parameters fastened to it are investigated. Two types of fastening are considered: (1) both ends are clamped, and (2) one of the ends is clamped while the other is free. A closed system of integro-differential equations is obtained which describes the state of the system under arbitrary initial conditions and forces applied to the rigid body. The perturbed motion of the rigid body in the case of a quasi-linear restoring force is investigated using asymptotic methods. The motions are studied both when there is internal resonance between the oscillations of the rigid body and the natural oscillations of the element, and when there are no such resonances. Qualitative effects are found.