手性双噁唑啉-铟(III)催化酮的不对称烯丙基化反应

利用手性双噁唑啉-铟(III)催化酮的不对称烯丙基化反应, 该催化体系能够顺利地促使酮和三正丁基烯丙基锡的加成反应. 可以中等产率得到产物, 产物的ee值为21-65%.     

不对称烯丙基化反应合成含有三苯胺核心单元的荧光非天然氨基酸衍生物

报道了一种钯催化噁唑酮和烯丙醇的不对称烯丙基化反应合成相应的三苯胺核心非天然氨基酸化合物的方法.反应收率高达95%,对映选择性过量值最高为97%ee.该反应操作简单,条件温和,原子经济性好,水为唯一副产物.     

负载型双噁唑啉催化剂上的不对称Diels-Alder反应

 分别以乙烷桥键磺酸官能化的有机-无机杂化介孔材料、十二钨磷酸铯、活化硅胶以及SBA-15为载体,通过非共价键作用制备了负载型双噁唑啉催化剂,并将该催化剂用于催化3-((E)-2-丁烯酰基)-1,3-噁唑啉-2-酮和环戊二烯的不对称Diels-Alder反应. 研究表明,催化剂的性能取决于载体本身以及载体表面阴离子的性质. 以SBA-15为载体时产物的对映体选择性较低,可归因于载体表面较低的羟基浓度.     

过渡金属与有机小分子协同催化的不对称烯丙基取代反应研究进展

过渡金属催化是现代有机合成化学中精准构建化学键最重要的工具之一.有机小分子催化是21世纪初开始蓬勃发展的一个新兴研究领域.两者在不对称烯丙基化反应中的完美结合有意义地解决了该领域亲核试剂的普适性、立体选择性控制等挑战性问题.本文综述了过渡金属与有机小分子协同催化的不对称烯丙基化反应研究进展.按照不同的手性控制方式（过渡金属催化剂控制手性、有机小分子催化剂控制手性以及两者共同控制手性）对这些反应进行了梳理和总结,同时对代表性反应的机理以及该领域仍然存在的问题与未来发展进行了简单阐述.     

手性噁唑啉的合成及其在不对称还原反应中的应用

由多元羧酸和手性2-氨基-1-丁醇经由相应的多元酰胺醇缩合制备了6个新型手性多噁唑啉,其结构经1H NMR谱、IR谱、MS谱和元素分析确证;并应用这些手性多噁唑啉配体,初步探讨了苯乙酮在KBH4或NaBH4作用下的不对称还原反应.     

金属钯催化的吡咯分子间不对称烯丙基去芳构化反应

正手性2H-吡咯类化合物是有机合成中一类重要的合成中间体.通过催化不对称去芳构化反应,可以实现直接由吡咯类化合物来构建这类骨架.然而,目前文献上报道的对取代吡咯类化合物的直接催化去芳构化反应主要集中在过渡金属催化的不对称[4+3]环加成反应和氢化反应.由于反应过程中可能面临的化学选择性、区域选择性和对映选择性等挑战性问题,通过烷基化反应来实现吡咯环的分子间不对称去芳构化反应迄今还没有被报道.中国科学院上海有机化学研究所游书力课题组成功地通过使用烯丙基取代反应实现了取代吡咯的分子间催化不对称去芳构化.使用取代的吡咯化合物1和烯丙基碳酸酯2在金属钯和商业可得的手性配体(R)-segphos的作用下,可以以高达     

催化不对称反应最新进展(Ⅱ)－组合化学方法之 应用

组合化学技术已经成为药物、新型固体材料和催化剂合成、评价和筛选的一种有力工具,最近它在催化不对称反应的手性催化剂高效率合成与筛选方面的应用也受到了重视,本文将综述组合化学技术在发展不对称合成新型催化剂方面的应用。第一部分主要介绍手性催化剂(或配体)库的固相平行合成;第二部分重点总结了所建立的手性催化剂库的高效率评价技术及其应用。     

通过简单有机分子C—H/C—C键断裂重排合成四氮唑

四氮唑分子是一类具有特殊功能的有机分子,尤其是1,5-二取代的四氮唑类衍生物在天然产物以及生物活性分子中广泛存在.因此,寻找简便高效的合成四氮唑分子的途径受到越来越多的关注,也是对广大化学工作者的巨大挑战。     

异噁唑啉酮的不对称芳基化反应

在手性磷酸的作用下,实现了异噁唑啉酮和对苯醌单亚胺的不对称芳基化反应,以高收率和高对映选择性构建了4-芳基异噁唑啉酮衍生物。对其中一个产物进行单晶培养,确定了绝对构型。      

Preparation of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Piperidines by a Formal Hetero-Ene Reaction of Amino Acid Derivatives

N-Benzyl- or N-tosyl-N-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)amino aldehyde benzylimines, which are obtained from alanine, leucine, or phenylalanine methyl esters in five steps, can be cyclized diastereoselectively in the presence of Lewis acids to give 3-amino-2,4-dialkyl-substituted piperidines. The product distribution and diastereoselectivity depends on the type of Lewis acid and nitrogen-protecting group. Benzyl-protected imines give 2-alkyl-3-(benzylamino)-4-isopropenyl piperidines with FeCl(3) and 2-alkyl-3-(benzylideneamino)-4-isopropylpiperidines with TiCl(4). Tosyl-protected imines show a decreased level of selectivity. The relative configurations of the piperidines were established by NMR and X-ray crystal structure analyses. Iminium ion cyclization followed by two competitive ionic pathways, i.e. either proton elimination or hydride transfer are discussed for these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Formal [6+2] Annulation Reaction via Cross-Conjugated Aza-Trienolate Intermediates

The diverse reactivity of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in organocatalysis is due to the possibility of different modes of action. Although NHC-bound enolates and dienolates are known, the related NHC-bound cross-conjugated aza-trienolates remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrate the NHC-catalyzed formal [6+2] annulation of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aldehydes with α,α,α-trifluoroacetophenones leading to the formation of versatile pyrrolooxazolones (29 examples). The catalytically generated cross-conjugated aza-trienolates (aza-fulvene type) underwent smooth [6+2] annulation with electrophilic ketones to afford the product in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Preliminary DFT studies on the mechanism are also provided.     

Catalytic Asymmetric [3+1]-Cycloaddition Reaction of Ylides with Electrophilic Metallo-enolcarbene Intermediates

The first asymmetric [3+1]-cycloaddition was successfully achieved by copper(I) triflate/double-sidearmed bisoxazoline complex catalyzed reactions of β-triisopropylsilyl-substituted enoldiazo compounds with sulfur ylides. This methodology delivered a series of chiral cyclobutenes in good yields with high enantio- and diastereoselectivities (up to 99 % ee, and >20:1 d.r.). Additionally, the [3+1]-cycloaddition of catalytically generated metallo-enolcarbenes was successfully extended to reaction with a stable benzylidene dichlororuthenium complex.     

Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of Azadirachtin

An asymmetric formal synthesis of azadirachtin, a potent insect antifeedant, was accomplished in 30 steps to Ley’s synthetic intermediate (longest linear sequence). The synthesis features: 1) rapid access to the optically active right‐hand segment starting from the known 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐cyclopentenone scaffold; 2) construction of the B and E rings by a key intramolecular tandem radical cyclization; 3) formation of the hemiacetal moiety in the C ring through the α‐oxidation of the six‐membered lactone followed by methanolysis.     

Thiiranium Ions as Reaction Intermediates

The addition of sulfenvl chlorides or sulfur dichloride to unsaturated compounds proceeds via thiiranium ions. The present article reviews the electronic and steric factors influencing the nature of these ions and their effects on subsequent ring opening and product formation. For the purpose of this discussion results primarily from electrophilic ring opening have been chosen to illustrate these factors. Solvent and temperature effects have been disregarded.     

不对称Reformatsky反应

综述了６０年代至今不对称诱导和不对称催化Ｒｅｆｏｒｍａｔｓｋｙ拔应的研究，进展参考文献１９篇。     

Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Asymmetric Hetero-Ene Type Reactions: Improving Organocatalyst Performance at Lower Temperatures

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been widely used as (co)solvents in several catalytic processes modifying, in most of the cases, the catalyst activity and/or the selectivity for the studied reactions. However, there are just a few examples of their use in hydrogen bonding organocatalysis. In this paper, we show the positive effect of a set of imidazole-based ionic liquids ([bmim]BF₄ and [hmim]PF₆) in the enantioselective addition of formaldehyde tert-butylhydrazone to prochiral α-keto esters catalyzed by a sugar-based chiral thiourea. Reactions performed in the presence of low percentages of RTILs led to an increase of the catalyst activity, thereby making possible to work at lower temperatures. Thus, the chiral tert-butyl azomethyl tertiary alcohols could be obtained with moderate to good conversions and higher enantioselectivities for most of the studied substrates when using up to 30 vol% of [hmim]PF₆ as a cosolvent in processes performed in toluene.     

Asymmetric Multicomponent Reactions Based on Trapping of Active Intermediates

Metal carbenes derived from transition metal‐catalyzed decomposition of diazo compounds react with nucleophiles with heteroatoms, such as alcohols and amines, to generate highly active oxonium/ammonium ylides intermediates. These intermediates can be trapped by appropriate electrophiles to provide three‐component products. Based on this novel trapping process, we have developed novel multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of diazo compounds, alcohols/anilines, and electrophiles. The nucleophiles were also extended to electron‐rich heterocycles (indoles and pyrroles)/arenes, in which the resulting zwitterionic intermediates were also trapped by electrophiles. By employing efficient catalysis strategy, the reactions were realized with excellent stereocontrol and wide substrate scope. In this personal account, we introduce our breakthroughs in the development of novel asymmetric MCRs via trapping of the active ylides and zwitterionic intermediates with a number of electrophiles, such as imines, aldehyde, and Michael acceptors, under asymmetric catalysis. Transition metal/chiral Lewis acid catalysis, transition metal/Brønsted acid catalysis, and chiral transition‐metal catalysis, enable excellent stereocontrolled outcomes. The methodologies not only provide experimental evidence to support the existence of protic onium ylides intermediates/zwitterionic intermediates and the stepwise pathways of carbene‐induced O?H, N?H and C?H insertions, but also offer a novel approach for the efficient construction of chiral polyfunctional molecules.     

Reaction of 2-Formyl Imidazole with Intermediates From the Baylis-Hillman Reaction

The reaction of formyl imidazole (in the presence and absence of DABCO, and with either THF or methanol as solvent) with α-hydroxylaryl derivatives of methyl acrylate affords novel synthetic intermediates. By controlling the reaction conditions, either allylic substitution products (THF, DABCO) or rearrangement (MeOH, no DABCO) products result.