Interlaced scan CCD image motion deblur for space-variant motion blurs

Motion blur is caused by camera shakes or object motions during exposure when the shutter speed is relatively slow. As for the object motion blur, the degradation of a CCD image is often characterized by space-variant motion blurs, since objects are often moving in different directions at different speeds. But most image restorations for space-variant motion blurs are addressed only for progressive scan CCD images. To address the space-variant image restorations for interlaced scan images, we propose a novel image restoration scheme. First, one interlaced scan image frame is required, which is divided into the odd field and the even field images. These two field images are further segmented into rectangular blocks. The motion vectors are computed in these rectangular blocks using an efficient block matching algorithm. Second, image restoration is performed in these rectangular blocks using a constrained least square algorithm in the odd or even field image, which can both preserve edge structures and remove noises. Our novel scheme is illustrated by restoring a space-variant blurred moving boat image and a synthetic blurred image.     

Image restoration for interlaced scan CCD image with space-variant motion blurs

When the speeds of objects in a scene exceed the temporal resolution of the camera shutter, motion blurs will occur. Since objects are often moving in different directions at different speeds, the degradation of a CCD image is often characterized by space-variant motion blurs. Image restoration algorithms for space-variant motion blurs are available for progressive scan CCD images, but not for interlaced scan images. To address the space-variant image restoration for interlaced scan images, a novel three-step image restoration scheme is proposed. Firstly, one interlaced scan image is divided into odd field and even field images. Secondly, these two field images are further segmented into rectangular blocks and the motion vectors are computed based on these rectangular blocks using an efficient block matching algorithm. Thirdly, image restoration is performed using a blind deconvolution algorithm in the odd or even field image. The final restored image is obtained by combining the restored odd and even field images. The scheme is illustrated by restoring a space-variant blurred moving vehicle image and a synthetic blurred image.     

基于前视跑道图像的飞机偏心距精确测量

根据飞机地面最小操纵速度试飞的光电测试需求,提出一种基于前视跑道图像的飞机偏心距精确测量技术,通过在飞机中后段机腹中心线上加装前视高速数字摄像机,获取飞机运动时跑道及飞机起落架的前视序列图像,通过图像判读获取飞机主起连线与跑道标识线交点的亚像素坐标,在摄像机测量参数高精度标定的基础上,根据摄影测量的单站定位原理精确解算交点在物方空间坐标系下的坐标,进而获取飞机偏离跑道中心线的距离。飞行试验测试结果表明,该测量方案切实可行,数据直观可靠,可实现3 cm的测量精度,完全满足试飞测试任务需求。     

旋转扫描式成像光谱仪高光谱的几何变形矫正

Offner成像光谱仪是一种线推扫式成像系统,需要光谱仪与物体之间存在相对移动,从而记录整个区域的光谱和形貌信息。在光谱仪镜头前放置一块反射镜进行旋转扫描,也可以对大尺度物体进行高光谱成像,并且相机固定不动。然而旋转扫描时,记录的高光谱图存在较大的几何误差。该工作分析一般情况下Offner成像光谱仪单次拍摄得到的物点和像点的投影关系;根据投影关系,以旋转角为变量,分析物点在成像面上的投影分布,给出图像几何变形的矫正方法。在成像光谱仪上设计并安装了反射镜旋转扫描装置,进行旋转扫描实验,通过矫正算法,得到了清晰的高光谱图。     

一种目标空间运动分析系统

针对运动目标空间定位问题,将立体视觉技术与单视频序列下的运动目标检测相结合,设计了一种目标空间运动分析系统,实现目标的空间定位,扩展了单视频序列运动目标检测课题的应用范围。针对从单目向多目过渡过程中面临的问题,从硬件上提出了相应的解决方案,将立体镜头与高速相机相结合,克服了芯片一致性、相机同步、运动拖影等影响。由于立体像对源于同一帧图像,所以可以直接使用传统单序列运动目标检测方法获取运动掩模。使用该空间运动分析系统在光照充足的室外条件下进行单一目标的自由落体和斜坡运动2组实验,实验结果表明:该系统运行稳定,实现了运动目标的空间位置分析功能,1 m范围内,定位绝对误差小于0.01 m。     

二次序列闪光高速照相系统研究

首次提出二次序列闪光高速照相系统结构。利用二次序列闪光激光光源在CCD相机曝光时间内两次发出超短激光脉冲,实现在一幅图像中捕获两个不同位置处高速运动目标图像。此系统可实现在一个照相站内两次成像,相当于实现两个照相站的功能,在现代弹道测量中有广泛的应用前景。     

Precision verification of a simplified three-dimensional DIC method

The traditional three-dimensional (3D) digital image measurement technique uses at least two images captured from different positions to determine the 3D coordinate of an object. One disadvantage of this method is that the mechanical and optical properties of the image capture devices are not fully identical, and the calibration procedure is quite complicated. This paper introduces a simplified 3D digital image correlation (DIC) method, in which only one image capture device is used. The theoretical measurement error equation is derived and experimentally verified. Experimental results show that distortion correction plays an important role in the improvement of measurement precision. After a radial distortion correction, the measurement precision of the object distance can reach 0.0043%. The optimal camera spacing should be set from 1/50 to 1/30 of the object distance, to obtain a satisfactory precision.     

Two wavelength simultaneous DSPI and DSP for 3D displacement field measurements

A novel optical system is proposed that implements digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) and digital speckle photography (DSP) simultaneously using two wavelength illumination of an object for simultaneous measurement of all three components of the displacement vector field. A collimated red light illuminates both the object and a reference surface in a DSPI configuration which is sensitive to out-of-plane displacement field while a blue light illuminates the object in a DSP configuration which is sensitive to in-plane displacement fields. A color 3-CCD camera records the red and blue lights individually through its red and blue channels, respectively. Two reference images and one image in the deformed state of the object are required for quantitative measurement. Experimental results are presented to validate the system.     

透过散射介质对直线运动目标的全光成像及追踪技术

光散射是限制光传输以及降低和破坏光学成像性能的主要因素,透过复杂散射介质对运动目标的全光成像是光学领域极具挑战性的技术之一.本文提出一种利用散斑差值自相关透过散射介质对运动目标进行实时追踪的方法.采用赝热光照明,基于光学记忆效应理论,通过对运动目标采集的两帧散斑做差值,然后做自相关运算,计算目标移动的距离,实现对目标的实时追踪,并且利用相位恢复算法进行简单处理就可以重建隐藏目标.对该方法进行了实验验证,成功地对隐藏的运动目标实现了成像与追踪.这种透过散射介质对运动目标的全光成像及实时追踪技术,在生物医学等领域具有重要应用潜力.     

神龙一号参数测量用高速两分幅相机

采用长焦距镜头的后工作空间全口径分光原理,利用门控型像增强器、CCD相机、基于大规模可编程集成电路的高速快门控制触发系统等部件,研制了具有较高时间分辨能力和高灵敏度的两分幅高速相机,并在此基础上建立了束参数的高速测量系统。两分幅相机的最高快门速度约3 ns,幅间间隔时间则具有以0.5 ns的步进进行调节的能力;快门时间及幅间间隔时间可以分别独立调节,最大可到1 s;同时具有较好的线性度和空间响应的均匀性,等效背景噪声低到约5 electronspixel-1s-1,并且分幅相机灵敏度调节范围大。该系统一次可以拍摄两幅图像,图像阵列可达到1 0241 024,满足神龙一号的各种测量要求。     

神龙一号参数测量用高速两分幅相机

采用长焦距镜头的后工作空间全口径分光原理,利用门控型像增强器、CCD相机、基于大规模可编程集成电路的高速快门控制触发系统等部件,研制了具有较高时间分辨能力和高灵敏度的两分幅高速相机,并在此基础上建立了束参数的高速测量系统。两分幅相机的最高快门速度约3 ns,幅间间隔时间则具有以0.5 ns的步进进行调节的能力;快门时间及幅间间隔时间可以分别独立调节,最大可到1 s;同时具有较好的线性度和空间响应的均匀性,等效背景噪声低到约5 electronspixel-1s-1,并且分幅相机灵敏度调节范围大。该系统一次可以拍摄两幅图像,图像阵列可达到1 0241 024,满足神龙一号的各种测量要求。     

基于光流的运动小目标检测算法

运动目标的检测是目标识别与跟踪的关键技术之一。光流技术是一种以物体的运动特征来检测目标的方法,它的提出为运动小目标的检测开辟了新的空间。在一个搜索跟踪系统中使用光流技术检测和跟踪空中小目标,目标大概为5～10个像素,而且背景复杂,相机抖动,普通分割算法无法得到小目标。在目标的运动明显异于背景的情况下,通过利用基于光流的目标检测算法来检测出小目标,同时运用高斯金字塔模型,提高算法的运算速度。试验结果表明提出的基于光流的检测算法在背景运动的红外图像中取得了较好的效果。     

3D shape reconstruction from synthetic images captured by a rotating periscope system with a single focal direction

A three-dimensional shape measurement system with only one camera and a rotating periscope is proposed. Many images are captured at every few degrees of periscope rotation. The distance along the optical axis of the camera from the focal point of the camera system to a certain point along the object surface is inversely proportional to the parallax. In this system, a circular streak is obtained by tracing a point on each image using the cross-correlation along the direction of periscope shift. The parallax can be calculated from the radius of the streak. Applying this method to shape measurement of the human face from synthetic images, the images were well reconstructed and the proposed system may be adaptable to a portable 3D shape acquisition system.     

平行双转镜傅里叶变换光谱仪

在时间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪中,直线运动型动镜很难精确驱动,容易引起倾斜和剪切的问题。旋转型动镜可以解决该类问题。介绍了一种转镜式傅里叶变换光谱仪方案,并对其进行了原理分析和光程差公式推导,提出了工程设计约束条件。该光谱仪由一个分束器,两个固定平面镜,两面平行固定在一个转轴上旋转的平面反射镜,前置镜,后置镜及探测器组成。通过原理介绍得出,该光谱仪结构简单,两条分光光线经同一平面镜反射后干涉,使仪器更容易装调;通过光程差推算得出,该光谱仪容易实现大光程差,光谱分辨率高;通过工程设计约束及仿真分析得出,该光谱仪需要在高速旋转的条件下实现高分辨率采样,容易实现精确运动控制,稳定性好,测量速度快。     

基于大功率LED的闪光成像速度测量系统(英文)

设计出一种非接触式高速运动物体速度测量系统,在CCD单帧曝光时间内利用闪光灯对飞行中的物体进行两次闪光照明,CCD对两个不同位置的飞行物体成像,设定两个光脉冲之间的时间间隔以及测量出两个物体像之间的距离即可算出其飞行速度.该系统能够进行实时测量,突破了空间单点测量技术的局限,可在同一幅图像上记录下不同时刻多个空间点目标的图像信息,以及同一时刻不同空间点目标的图像信息,从而可以获得目标运动的瞬时速度.     

基于大功率LED的闪光成像速度测量系统

设计出一种非接触式高速运动物体速度测量系统,在CCD单帧曝光时间内利用闪光灯对飞行中的物体进行两次闪光照明,CCD对两个不同位置的飞行物体成像,设定两个光脉冲之间的时间间隔以及测量出两个物体像之间的距离即可算出其飞行速度.该系统能够进行实时测量,突破了空间单点测量技术的局限,可在同一幅图像上记录下不同时刻多个空间点目标的图像信息,以及同一时刻不同空间点目标的图像信息,从而可以获得目标运动的瞬时速度.     

基于动平台多源数据的运动目标测量方法研究

根据运动目标性能试验需求及试验平台的特点,建立一个影像数据测量系统,实现目标的运动视频记录和外部参数测量。采用基于OpenCV的棋盘格内参数标定结合基于平台上固定标识点、线为基准的外场标定的摄像机标定方法,采用高速影像数据、中线视频数据和GPS数据相结合的方法实现目标运动的轨迹、姿态等参数的测量。通过测量精度分析及多次试验结果证明,测量精度达到水平方向优于10 cm,高程方向优于5 cm,姿态精度优于05。     

Self-calibration of multi-camera networks without feature correspondence between different cameras

An automatic calibration approach for multi-camera networks is proposed to calibrate the intrinsic parameters of each camera and the extrinsic parameters between different cameras. Firstly, the moving objects are tracking, and the feature points are detected and calculated by a matching method from image sequences. And then we estimate the intrinsic parameters of each camera respectively by a self-calibration method from the motion of feature points, while estimating the rotation and translation of each camera with respect to the object. Thirdly, we estimate the extrinsic parameters between different cameras from the rotation and the motion of each camera with respect to the object. Our method only needs to track the motion of objects in each camera without the correspondence between different cameras. It avoids the difficulty of the correspondence between different cameras in real networks. Experiments with simulated data and real images are carried out to verify the theoretical correctness and numerical robustness.     

摆扫式TDI-CCD航空相机传感器MTF分析

TDI-CCD与普通线阵CCD相比具有很多优点,因而广泛应用于航空航天成像领域。在介绍TDI-CCD特点和摆扫式TDI-CCD航空相机扫描成像原理的基础上,分析了扫描像移的大小及行周期,推导出了由几何尺寸、电荷转移损失率、电荷分立运动、速度失配等因素引起图像传感器的调制传递函数退化表达式,给出了传感器线列方向和TDI方向的调制传递函数,提出了提高传感器调制传递函数的几种方法,对TDI-CCD航空相机整机设计提供了参考。