Simulations of free surface flows with implementation of surface tension and interface sharpening in the two-fluid model

Two-fluid model used for free surface flows with large characteristic scales is improved; the smeared interface is sharpened with conservative level set method and the surface tension force with wetting angle is implemented. Surface tension force is split between two phases with several models. Detailed analysis showed the splitting of surface tension force with volume averaging as the most appropriate. The improved two-fluid model with interface sharpening and implemented surface tension is validated on several test cases. The pressure jump over a droplet interface test case showed that the pressure jump in simulation converges with grid refinement to the analytical one. The parasitic currents in simulation are one order of magnitude larger than in simulation with volume of fluid model. In the oscillating droplet test case the time period of oscillating droplet with initially ellipsoid or square shape is similar to the analytical time period. In the rising bubble test case, the rising bubble position, terminal velocity, and circularity are similar to the one observed in simulations with level set model. The wetting angle is implemented in the two-fluid model with interface sharpening and surface tension force. Model is tested in the simulation of droplet in contact with wall with different wetting angles.     

带孔隙损伤的弹性固体的广义变分原理

应用弹性微结构理论,建立了具广义力场带孔隙损伤线弹性固体的基本模型．应用变积方法,同时分别建立了带孔隙损伤弹性固体四类和两类变量的广义变分原理,这些变分原理对应着带孔隙损伤弹性固体微分方程和初值边值条件．应用弹性微结构理论,建立了带孔隙损伤的弹性Timoshenko 梁的基本方程,得到带孔隙损伤的弹性Timoshenko 梁两类变量的广义变分原理．这些广义变分原理为近似求解带孔隙损伤的弹性问题提供了有效途径．     

Computation of cascade flutter by uncoupled and coupled methods

A computational method for flutter prediction of turbomachinery cascades is presented. The flow through multiple blade passages is calculated using a time-domain approach with coupled aerodynamic and structural models. The unsteady Euler/Navier-Stokes equations are solved in quasi-three-dimensions using a second-order implicit scheme with dual time-stepping and a multigrid method. A structural model for the blades with bending and torsion degrees of freedom is integrated in time together with the flow field. Information between structural and aerodynamic models is exchanged until convergence in each real-time step. Computational results for a cascade are presented and compared with those obtained by the conventional energy method and with experimental and numerical data by other authors. Significant differences are found between the coupled and uncoupled methods at low mass ratios. A transonic test case with strong nonlinear phenomena is investigated with the fluid-structure coupled method. Results for inviscid flow are compared with results of Navier-Stokes computations.     

Nonlinear oscillatory processes in wheeled vehicles

The free damped vibrations of a wheeled vehicle with independent suspension are analyzed with allowance for the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension springs and shock absorbers. The vibrations of a wheeled vehicle with a suspension with smooth nonlinear characteristics are studied for a model with seven degrees of freedoms. The skeleton curves and nonlinear normal modes are obtained. For a model with two degrees of freedoms (quarter-car) that corresponds to axisymmetric vibrations, the nonlinear normal modes are found in the case of a shock absorber with nonsmooth nonlinear characteristic     

Unsymmetrical nonlinear bending problem of circular thin plate with variable thickness

Introduction Manystructuralelements(pole,plate,shell)withunevenandvariablethicknessarewidely usedinallkindsofengineeringfields.Engineerscansavematerialswhentheydesignbecause theseelementshavebetteroptimizedshapeofstructuralfeature,butthisaddsdifficultytotheanalysisoftheirmechanicalcapability.Manypreviouspapers[1-4]havesolvedtheproblemof symmetricalaxis,butnobodyhassolvedtheunsymmetricalnonlineardeformationproblemof circularthinplatewithvariablethicknessandunsymmetricalaxisuptonow,afewworkonly …     

金字塔栅格夹心夹层板动力响应分析

本文将金字塔形栅格夹心夹层板假设成均匀夹心夹层板,应用Reissner夹层板理论,对其自振频率以及在简谐荷载下的强迫振动进行了研究,并以简支板为例,得到其解析解,通过与有限元分析进行比较,两者结果吻合良好。并把金字塔形栅格夹层板与同质量实体板进行比较,得出金字塔形栅格夹层板具有更好动力性能。     

Effects of injection timing on performance and droplet characteristics of a sixteen-valve four cylinder engine

 The performance and droplet characteristics of a sixteen-valve, four cylinder engine operating with combustion in one cylinder have been measured with part load, a speed of 1200 rpm and a stoichiometric mixture of gasoline and air. The indicated mean-effective cylinder pressure was found to be constant with initiation of injection from 150° to 630° of crank angle after top-dead-centre of intake and with a 10% reduction between 30° and 60° which coincided with maxima in the covariance in pressure and in the emissions of unburned hydrocarbon. There was also a tendency for performance to decline with injection after 660°. Measurements with laser- and phase-Doppler velocimeters showed that the number of droplets entering the cylinder was much reduced with injection at crank angles corresponding to closed inlet valves due to evaporation, and that the few large droplets which emerged did not survive until top-dead-centre of compression. In contrast, some of the many droplets associated with injection with the valves open survived to the crank angle of ignition and it is likely that these led to an inhomogeneous charge with poorer flame-front propagation responsible for reduction in performance. Received: 19 February 1996/Accepted: 8 October 1996     

Forced Vibration of Continuous System with Unsymmetrical Collision Characteristics

This paper deals with steady-state response of a continuous system with nonlinear boundary conditions which are motion-limiting constraint. An analytical method of approximate solution for the continuous system with unsymmetrical collision characteristics in which the beam end collides with a stop once in one period of its vibration is presented. Some numerical results of the approximate solution are shown. Contrary to the case of continuous system with symmetrical collision characteristics, the resonance curves of nonlinear response of approximate solution are shown as discontinuous line. Some numerical results of a continuous system with no hysteresis damping are compared with those of a continuous system with hysteresis damping and a single-degree-of-freedom system.     

Experimental Study of the Bottom Structure Effect on the Damping of Standing Surface Waves in a Rectangular Vessel

The damping coefficient is estimated for standing surface waves in a rectangular vessel: (1) with a smooth horizontal rigid bottom, (2) with developed sandy bottom structures, (3) with a profiled rigid bottom, and with thin bottom layers of (4) fine-grained sand and (5) glass spheres. The results obtained are compared with available theoretical models.     

喜马拉雅山地区重大滑坡灾害及其与地层岩性的关系研究

位于青藏高原南部的喜马拉雅山地区,是高原隆升最快的地方,这里内外动力作用异常活跃,是我国重大滑坡灾害最严重的地区之一,重大滑坡灾害对国民经济和社会发展带来了极大危害。本文在对研究区的地质、地理背景进行了详细分析的基础上,利用遥感解译和实地调查相结合的手段,研究了该区重大滑坡灾害的分布及其与地层岩性的关系,将本区地层岩性大致划分为13个工程地质岩组:松散岩组、软弱岩组、软弱岩夹较软弱岩组、软弱岩夹较坚硬岩组、较软弱岩组、较软弱岩夹软弱岩组、较软弱岩夹较坚硬岩组、较软弱岩夹坚硬岩组、较坚硬岩与软弱岩互层岩组、较坚硬岩夹软弱岩岩组、较坚硬岩夹较软弱岩组、较坚硬岩组、坚硬岩组,发现重大滑坡更容易发生在软弱岩组、较硬岩夹较软弱岩组以及坚硬岩组中,而软弱岩夹较软弱岩组、较软弱岩夹较坚硬岩组中无重大滑坡灾害分布。重大滑坡灾害的上述分布特征,反映出地层岩性与重大滑坡灾害之间的复杂关系,一方面岩性软弱,比较容易发生滑坡灾害; 另一方面,岩性越坚硬,地形越高陡,也容易发生重大滑坡灾害。     

Interaction of cracks with bonds between their faces in an isotropic medium reinforced by a regular system of stringers

A problem of an elastic isotropic medium with a system of foreign (transverse with respect to crack alignment) rectilinear inclusions is considered. The medium is assumed to be attenuated by a periodic system of rectilinear cracks with zones where the crack faces interact with each other. These zones are assumed to be adjacent to the crack tips, and their sizes can be commensurable with the crack size. Interaction between the crack faces in the tip zone is modeled by introducing bonds (adhesion forces) between the cracks with a specified strain diagram. The boundary-value problem of the equilibrium of a periodic system of cracks with bonds between their faces under the action of external tensile loads and forces in the bonds is reduced to a nonlinear singular integrodifferential equation with a kernel of the Cauchy kernel type. The condition of critical equilibrium of the cracks with the tip zones is formulated with allowance for the criterion of critical tension of the bonds. A case of a stress state of the medium containing zones where the crack faces interact with each other is considered.     

应力和位移约束下的板壳结构截面优化

将准则法和数学规划法相结合，根据满应力准则将应力约束化为动态下限，借助单位虚载荷法将位移约束转化为设计变量的近似显函数，建立了满足应力和位移约束的优化模型. 为了解决多变量的大型优化问题，根据对偶理论将上千设计变量的优化模型转化为几个变量的对偶模型，并通过二次规划求解. 以MSC/Nastran软件为结构分析的求解器，借助MSC/Patran软件为开发平台，完成了板壳结构截面优化程序. 程序完全和Patran及Nastran融为一体，在Patran中建立模型，利用Nastran分析计算，根据优化结果对设计变量调整，再用Nastran进行结构重分析，反复迭代直到结构重量收敛. 算例表明程序的合理性和有效性，能够满足工程设计的需要.     

A model for rolling deformation with grain subdivision. Part II: The subsequent stage

Part I of the present work dealt with the initial stage of plastic deformation with grain subdivision into two band families. It covered the situation with different average strains in the individual grains (the non-Taylor case) and the situation with identical average strains in the individual grains (the Taylor case). For the latter situation part I included solutions with 5 plus 3 and with 4 plus 4 active slip systems in the two band families, respectively. In part II we deal with the subsequent stage of plastic deformation (finite strains) for the Taylor case with four active slip systems in each band family. In the subsequent stage the cooperation between the two band families leads to an energetic advantage for grain subdivision, and it leads to a simulated texture with decreased sharpness in accordance with experimental observations. Finally, the physics behind grain subdivision are discussed on the basis of the results in Parts I and II and various general considerations.     

稀土处理玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料在油润滑下的摩擦学性能

分别用偶联剂、稀土以及偶联剂 -稀土混合物处理玻璃纤维表面 ,以改善玻璃纤维与聚四氟乙烯之间的界面结合力 ,考察了玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料在油润滑下的摩擦学性能 .结果表明 :在油润滑条件下 ,表面处理玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦系数比未经处理玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的低 ,耐磨性亦较优 ;而稀土处理玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料具有最低的摩擦系数及最高的耐磨性和极限 pv值 ;未经处理玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的磨损形式主要为粘着转移 ,偶联剂处理玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料和偶联剂与稀土处理玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料均以磨粒磨损为主 ,而稀土处理玻璃纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的磨损机理主要为粘着磨损和轻微磨粒磨损     

A further work on directed rods

In this paper, we discuss the field equations of a rod with three deformable directors. We then deal with the rod subjected to internal constraints. Finally, we compare the theory of the constrained directed rod with that of an unconstrained rod with two deformable directors and with that of Cosserat rods.     

水泥聚苯模壳格构式混凝土墙体的抗侧性能试验及分析

论文介绍6片不同高宽比的水泥聚苯模壳格构式混凝土墙体在轴压力和水平往复侧推力作用下的试验,分析这种墙体的抗侧强度、刚度和延性等力学性能.试验表明,高宽比大于1的墙体破坏时表现为墙体跟部的单一水平裂缝,其他部位完好;高宽比3∶4的墙体破坏时存在多条通过格构梁柱的斜向裂缝,墙体裂缝分布密集,变形能力好.     

无限粘弹性平面中孔洞扩展的时变力学解析解

从粘弹性时变力学基本方程出发,针对Maxwell本构模型,导出了双向等压下粘弹性平面中圆孔半径任意规律扩展时的时变力学解析解.在内径线性时变时,其结果与用对应原理法得出的解相同,其解的可靠性得到验证.与对应原理法相比,文中的结果适用于半径任意时变情况,更具一般性.     

屈服准则及切线模量修正的弹塑性计算模型

为提高不同应力状态下金属弹塑性行为的模拟精度,采用含应力三轴度修正的von Mises屈服准则,材料弹塑性本构关系在等效应力$\!$-$\!$-$\!$等效应变曲线基础上,提出一个切线模量为主应力函数的理论修正项. 将这两个修正项结合,以子程序形式编程嵌入ABAQUS主程序,以此模拟几种不同形状试样的弹塑性行为,并将其他屈服准则在单一曲线假设下编程与之对比. 模拟结果与真实试验结果对比发现,对于屈服而言,含应力三轴度修正的vonMises屈服准则比其他屈服理论准确;对于弹塑性阶段计算而言,提出的切线模量为主应力函数这一假设比单一曲线假设更加接近真实试验.      

Non-homogeneous displacement jumps in strong embedded discontinuities

In this paper, strong discontinuities are embedded in finite elements to describe fracture in quasi-brittle materials. A new numerical formulation is introduced in which the displacement jumps do not need to be homogeneous within each finite element. Both the crack path and the displacement jumps are continuous across element boundaries. This formulation is compared with the discrete approach, in which interface elements are inserted to model the discontinuities, as well as with other embedded discontinuity approaches and with the partition of unity method. Numerical results have been obtained with relatively coarse meshes, which compare well with experimental results and with the results obtained from analyzes with interface elements.     

A HIGH RESOLUTION CELL-CENTERED ALE METHOD FOR LARGE DEFORMATION MULTIMATERIAL INTERFACE

针对基于积分形式的Euler方程组耦合质量组份模型方程而发展的多介质整体ALE方法耗散大的问题,采用基于微分形式的Euler方程组所发展的高分辨率界面反耗散的思想来控制界面处的数值耗散,发展了一种二维平面中积分意义下的耦合质量组份方程和体积组份方程的界面反耗散的高分辨率多介质中心型ALE方法,从而高分辨率地模拟大变形物质界面。