多孔介质自发渗吸研究进展

自发渗吸是发生在多孔介质里的一种常见自然现象, 存在于众多工程应用和自然科学领域, 多孔介质 中自发渗吸的基本静力学和动力学问题已成为当前国际研究的热点课题之一. 本文综述了传统理论研究中的 Lucas{Washburn(LW) 模型, Terzaghi 模型, Handy 模型, Mattax 和Kyte 无因次时间标度模型, Aronofsky 归 一化采收率标度模型以及近十年最新研究进展, 分析了渗吸机理判别参数研究, 简述了数值模拟研究及渗吸率 影响机理的实验研究现状, 总结了基于分形理论研究多孔介质自发渗吸的最新进展, 并展望了多孔介质以及裂 缝性双重多孔介质中牛顿流体和非牛顿流体自发渗吸研究的方向和课题.      

华南花岗岩残积土红土化程度的地带性与香港该类土不发育的原因

从华南花岗岩残积土红土化程度的地域变化规律出发 ,通过香港与华南沿海各地花岗岩残积土的化学成分及红土化指标对比 ,作者发现香港花岗岩残积土无论厚度、类型 ,还是红土化程度都具有与所处气候环境不协调的特点。文章进一步讨论了香港花岗岩残积土不发育的原因和对工程性质的影响.     

复杂动态网络传播动力学

病毒、谣言、舆论等在现实社会中各种复杂网络系统上的传播现象与人们现代社会经济生活息息相关,对复杂网络上各种传播现象的动力学行为研究是复杂网络理论的一个重要命题.从流行病学的角度, 针对复杂网络传播行为中存在的动态过程,从自适应躲避、响应时滞、离散采样、开放式系统增长等方面综述了复杂网络传播动力学研究的若干进展.      

复杂网络上集群行为与自旋模型

复杂系统中的集群行为(collective behavior)是复杂系统涌现性的重要表现之一, 它通过微观个体之间的相互作用, 在宏观上表现出一定的时空或功能有序结构．已有研究表明, 个体之间相互作用的网络结构对复杂系统的集群行为有重要影响．基于复杂网络上的自旋模型, 介绍了复杂网络上的集群行为的部分研究进展． 首先简要介绍了自旋模型的相变现象以及网络结构对相变行为的影响; 其次, 介绍了以自旋模型为基础应用到社会经济等领域中的工作, 包括舆论形成、羊群效应以及分隔现象(segregation)等, 尤其关注网络结构对集群行为的影响, 最后介绍了基于自旋模型的网络社团划分方法．对进一步的发展方向进行了初步的讨论．     

Nucleate pool boiling in microgravity: Recent progress and future prospects

Pool boiling on flat plates in microgravity has been studied for more than 50 years. The results of recent experiments performed in sounding rocket are presented and compared to previous results. At low heat flux, the vertical oscillatory motion of the primary bubble is responsible for the increase in the heat transfer coefficient in microgravity compared to ground experiments. The effect of a non-condensable gas on the stabilisation of the large primary bubble on the heater is pointed out. Experiments on isolated bubbles are also performed on ground and in parabolic flight. The effect of a shear flow on the bubble detachment is highlighted. A force balance model allows determining an expression of the capillary force and of the drag force acting on the bubble.     

Mutual Attractions of Partially Immersed Parallel Plates

We complete a study initiated in an earlier paper, on the horizontal attracting and repelling forces acting on two parallel semi-infinite plates, partly immersed in an infinite liquid bath and subject to capillary attractions in a uniform gravity field. We find a considerable range of behavior patterns, depending on the contact angles on the plate sides and on the plate separation, in ways that we did not anticipate.     

Predicting the performances of rigid rover wheels on extraterrestrial surfaces based on test results obtained on earth

With a growing number of nations interested in planetary exploration, research and development of extraterrestrial rovers have been intensified. The usual practice is to test the performances of rovers on soil simulants on earth, prior to their deployment to extraterrestrial bodies. It is noted that in the tests the soil simulant is subject to the earth gravity, while the terrain on the extraterrestrial surface is subject to a different gravity. Therefore, it is uncertain whether the rover/rover wheel would exhibit the same performance on the extraterrestrial surface as that obtained from tests conducted on earth. This paper describes a practical methodology that can be employed to predict the performances of rover wheels on extraterrestrial surfaces, based on test results obtained on earth. As rigid wheels are used in many extraterrestrial rovers, this study focuses on examining the effects of gravity on the sinkage and compaction resistance of rigid rover wheels. Predictions obtained using the methodology are shown to correlate reasonably well with test data.     

时滞系统动力学近期研究进展与展望

综述了1999年以来时滞系统动力学在力学、机械工程、航空航天、生态学、生物学、神经网络、激光、电子和信息技术、保密通讯和经济学等领域的研究进展, 总结了其中的研究方法. 通过本文可以看出时滞系统普遍存在于自然和工程实际中, 即使对已经非常熟悉的简单振子,考虑到时滞的影响, 仍有许多问题有待作更深入的理论研究和新现象的发现.针对以往研究中出现的问题, 提出今后几年的发展方向、建议和展望, 同时指出了在理论上急需解决的一些科学问题,例如以时滞反馈控制为中心的控制策略、非线性因素和时滞联合作用的影响、时滞导致的多级分岔使系统呈现出复杂动力学行为、以时滞状态变量耦合为中心构成的网络系统计算模型对系统的影响等问题都是非线性动力学系统所遇到的科学基础问题.      

Delayed feedback control experiments on some flexible structures

In recent decades,studies on delayed system dynamics have attracted increasing attention and advances have been achieved in stability,nonlinearity,delay identification, delay elimination and application.However,most of the existing work is on the theoretical basis and little is on the experiment.This paper presents our experimental studies on delayed feedback control conducted in recent years with the focus on the discussion of a DSP-based delayed experiment system.Some phenomena in our delay experiments are discussed and a few topics of interest for further research are brought forward.     

Effect of the Nozzle Edge Shape on the Acoustic Sensitivity of a Jet

The effect of the nozzle edge shape on the acoustic sensitivity of jets, that is, on the dependence of the jet parameters on the amplitude and frequency of the acoustic oscillations produced by an external source, is experimentally studied. The investigation was performed for nozzle edge configurations, the variation of which did not result in a change in the jet characteristics without external acoustic excitation. This means that the change in the edge shape alone had no influence on the flow pattern at the nozzle exit or the boundary layer flow regime on the nozzle walls. Measurements of the dependence of the mean velocity and the velocity fluctuation intensity on the jet axis on the distance from the nozzle exit showed that a change in the nozzle edge shape can lead to a change in the acoustic sensitivity of the jet when the jet is exposed to external acoustic action.     

Modelling of particle layer detachment-Role of transient kinetic effects

Particle layers tend to build up on wails in many filtration and separation processes, calling for periodic removal in order to keep the apparatus running. Important factors are the adhesion of the layer on the substrate and the cohesion of the particles in the layer. Models describing such layer detachment generally assume constant and homogeneous conditions for the forces acting on the layer. But in reality detachment is extremely non-stationary concerning place and time, primarily due to changing conditions of the detaching forces on the one hand and changes in the particle layer morphology on the other. This paper describes a model and a simulation based on this model considering such transient kinetic effects, for which some computing results are presented and discussed.     

铝单晶体潜在硬化的指向性行为研究

应用高纯铝单晶体，采用偏离弹性线法定义其在潜在滑移系统在屈服应力，研究了潜在滑移系在正负两个滑移方向上的屈服及应变硬化行为。结果表明，潜在滑移系负行为的差异要远远小于动滑移系的Ｂａｕｓｃｈｉｎｇｅｒ效应，其正负方向的屈服应力一般均等于或略小于预应变时的最大分切应力，大大高于动滑移系的负向屈服应力，潜在滑移系和原始滑移系的相对取向及预应变的大小对单晶体潜在移系在潜在硬化的影响不大，但对其起始过渡区应     

Modeling of particle layer detachment-Role of transient kinetic effects

Particle layers tend to build up on walls in many filtration and separation processes, calling for periodic removal in order to keep the apparatus running. Important factors are the adhesion of the layer on the substrate and the cohesion of the particles in the layer. Models describing such layer detachment generally assume constant and homogeneous conditions for the forces acting on the layer. But in reality detachment is extremely non-stationary concerning place and time, primarily due to changing conditions of the detaching forces on the one hand and changes in the particle layer morphology on the other. This paper describes a model and a simulation based on this model considering such transient kinetic effects, for which some computing results are presented and discussed.     

Velocity of sound in two-phase media

A theory is developed for calculating the velocity of sound in solid-gas and liquid-gas systems. Using mass and momentum balances, an equation is obtained which shows that the velocity of sound depends on the relative velocity between the two phases, on the ratio of densities, on the porosity, on the particle diameter, on the drag coefficient, and on the frequency of sound.

The theory can be applied only if the one phase is distributed in the other homogeneously in the form of particles, droplets or bubbles of equal size. The experimental results agree very well with the theory.

Based on Hert'z equation for the deformation of spheres, a further theory is described which enables calculation of the velocity of sound in gas-solid systems of low porosity, such as packings or porous bodies.     

不同重力条件下管内冷凝现象研究进展

本文对不同重力环境中水平管内冷凝气液两相流动与传热现象的研究现状进行了全面评介, 重点关注于航天应用中的小管径、低流量和以氨为工质的情形,以及部分重力条件下冷凝现象中的重力效应. 冷凝现象中管壁四周液膜的存在,导致水平管内冷凝气液两相流与沸腾或绝热气液两相流在构型上存在着明显的不同, 表面张力的作用增大,向波状和分层流转换所对应的临界Bond数也随之增大, 进而使小管径、低流量水平管内冷凝气液两相流动与传热现象中的重力效应减弱,甚至可以忽略不计. 实验发现该情形中摩擦压降要小于基于常规气液两相流实验数据的经验关联式的预测结果, 而更接近光滑环状流情形; 对冷凝两相传热系数的预测,只有采用基于空隙率与界面剪切率相互耦合的模型, 才能够给出较好的结果.      

机械系统摩擦动力学研究进展

摩擦环节对机械系统动力学行为有重要、甚至可能是关键的影响. 深入研究摩擦及摩擦动力学特点,对于解决机械系统中摩擦带来的不利影响, 发挥其有利作用, 是非常重要的. 本文介绍和评述了机械系统摩擦动力学的研究进展, 包括常用的摩擦模型及其特性, 摩擦系统自激振动、强迫振动和摩擦振动控制等. 除理论研究方法之外, 重点讨论了制动噪声振动、摩擦耗能和多领域摩擦振动控制等摩擦动力学的应用研究.     

供油量对点接触表面微织构润滑性能的影响

采用球盘接触模型,以入口油层厚度为输入变量,基于统一Reynolds方程法建立润滑分析模型,研究了供油量对点接触表面微织构润滑性能的影响.数值计算结果显示:供油量显著影响接触区油膜厚度;微织构能改善摩擦副的润滑摩擦性能;严重乏油时接触区内微坑会产生气穴现象;瞬态下,微织构在乏油时较充分供油时改善润滑的效果明显.     

数值模拟方法在体液流动研究中的应用与展望

计算流体力学的数值模拟技术产生于20世纪60年代,现已成功地应用到众多科学研究与工程设计领域. 从20世纪80年代开始,虽已有不少研究工作开始利用CFD方法与计算机技术对人体的血流、气管中的气流、胆汁流等流动进行数值模拟与分析,但并没有与器官功能分析和病理分析及临床应用紧密联系. 近十几年来,这方面的工作已经取得了长足的进步和发展,模拟出了譬如脑血管、颈动脉、心血管等复杂血管流动,甚至整个肺泡的活动,得到了非常有病理意义和临床价值的图像.本文介绍和评述计算人体流体动力学的历史,发展和已经取得的成果.