目标散布区对导弹目标选择概率影响的仿真模型

当反舰导弹飞近目标散布区时,导弹搜索雷达必须开机搜索目标,导弹根据目标反射信号的几何或能量特性,利用某一算法从被探测到的,包括敌方施放的假目标在内的所有目标中选择某一目标作为导弹的攻击目标.目标散布区的外形和大小对导弹选择真实目标概率的影响是一个尚未得到深入研究的问题.推导了目标散布区对导弹正确选择目标概率的影响函数;在考虑了目标舰及时提供假目标的仿真模型的基础上,给出了七种导引头选择目标的算法及仿真模型.仿真结果表明,目标散布区影响反舰导弹雷达的开机时间,从而影响导引头选择真实目标的概率及其抗电子干扰能力.     

Mathematical Properties of the Multivariate t Distribution

The known mathematical properties of the multivariate t distribution are reviewed. We believe that this review will serve as an important reference and encourage further research activities in the area.     

一个追逐问题的数学模型和matlab仿真

就两人绕正三角形的追逐问题建立起了两个数学模型:一个充分应用运动的周期性首先给出了两人共边的充要条件,然后直接给出在一个周期内两人共边的次数及起止时刻;另一个则利用初等数论的方法给出了两人共边的另一个充要条件.利用matlab长于计算和强大的绘图功能,分别给出了求解两个模型的matlab程序,通过动画仿真演示两个绕正三角形的追逐模型,并给出了二者同边的时间起止点和同边的次数.     

机动目标的跟踪与反跟踪的建模研究

以机动目标的跟踪与反跟踪为研究对象,分析了目标的状态方程和量测方程,当存在多个目标时,仍需考虑不同目标之间数据关联问题.首先,考虑了雷达1、雷达2和3量测数据的连接和融合问题,建立了机动目标的状态方程和量测方程模型,运用卡尔曼滤波器算法对目标航迹进行了在线追踪,得到目标跟踪航迹.其次,进行一次指数平滑法的时间序列预测和实时灰色预测,得到了其目标的着落轨迹、着落点坐标和时间.最后建立新的动态多目标优化模型,运用计算机仿真对跟踪与反跟踪的目标航迹进行了模拟.     

Application of Mathematical Programming to a Large-scale Agricultural Production and Distribution System

This paper addresses an actual production planning problem for a large seed corn production company. Various scenarios are included in different mathematical programming models in order to help the management make production decisions. A linear programming package and a mixed-integer programming package are combined by a designed heuristic program to solve the problem. The solutions obtained and an accompanying sensitivity analysis provide the management with insight into the system's operation and potentials of cost savings.     

多因素影响下毁伤目标时间的分布与特征

文章研究搜索型随机格斗中，在射弹飞行时间、携弹数量有限因素影响下如何导出毁伤目标时间的分布与特征的问题，推导出在这些因素共同影响下，毁伤时间密度函数与特征函数的表达式。     

光子结构的猜想及其数学仿真

通过研究光的波粒二象性,对光子结构进行了研究并提出了自建光子模型.自建光子模型具有以下特性:①光子与原子核存在引力作用;②光子的电场与磁场交替变换使其具备了相位效应,且光强由光子数与光子相位和两个因素决定.在此基础上,通过借鉴天体物理中关于二体运动的三种轨迹,利用其中结论对大量原子核的引力作用进行概率分析,使用中心极限定理提出出射角度基本符合高斯分布的假设.接着对光子的相位叠加效应进行了分析.最后,对大量光子进行模拟仿真,并将仿真结果与单缝衍射、双缝干涉、多缝干涉现象等实验现象进行了对比.     

需多发命中时毁伤时间的分布与特征

本研究带有搜索系统并且毁伤目标需要多发命中的格斗模型,并利用更新方程导出了毁伤目标所需时间的分布密度与特征函数。最后,章用实例说明了计算过程。     

Heating of polymer surfaces during the vacuum deposition of metals

Conclusions 1. The heating of polymer surfaces associated with vacuum metal deposition is determined by the deposition rate and the deposition time and also by the thermo-physical characteristics of the substrate—growing film system, and at high deposition rates may reach the phase-transition temperatures of the polymers.2. At deposition rates up to 5 Å/sec the rise in surface temperature can be calculated by solving the usual heat-conduction equation, and at higher rates by solving the nonstationary heat-conduction equation, which makes it possible to take into account the heat transfer characteristics of the substrate— growing film system.3. The temperature of the polymer condensation surface can be regulated by varying the initial substrate temperature and, moreover, by using the pulsed metal vaporization process.Institute of Mechanics of Metal—Polymer Systems, Academy of Sciences of the Belorussian SSR, Gomel'. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 1, pp. 50–55, January–February, 1977.     

Simulation Estimation of Quantiles From a Distribution With Known Mean

It is common in practice to estimate the quantiles of a complicated distribution by using the order statistics of a simulated sample. If the distribution of interest has known population mean, then it is often possible to improve the mean square error of the standard quantile estimator substantially through the simple device of mean-correction: subtract off the sample mean and add on the known population mean. Asymptotic results for the meancorrected quantile estimator are derived and compared to the standard sample quantile. Simulation results for a variety of distributions and processes illustrate the asymptotic theory. Application to Markov chain Monte Carlo and to simulation-based uncertainty analysis is described.     

Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of a Flexible Shaft-Flexible Link System With End Mass

In this study, the equation of motion of a single link flexible robotic arm with end mass, which is driven by a flexible shaft, is obtained by using Hamilton's principle. The physical system is considered as a continuous system. As a first step, the kinetic energy and the potential energy terms and the term for work done by the nonconservative forces are established. Applying Hamilton's principle the variations are calculated and the time integral is constructed. After a series of mathematical manipulations the coupled equations of motion of the physical system and the related boundary conditions are obtained. Numerical solutions of equations of motion are obtained and discussed for verification of the model used.     

Mathematical modeling of the processes occurring during high-temperature spray coating

We give a generalization of the mathematical model of the processes occurring in the preparation of gasthermal coatings in order to compute the radiation energy, thermal effects of turbulent flow of the gas jet of a plasmotron, spraying distance and required degree of preliminary heating of the base. The boundary conditions obtained describe the radiational/convective heat exchange of bodies with a medium through thin coatings taking account of the speed of flow of the gas jet.Translated fromMatematicheskie Metody i Fiziko-Mekhanicheskie Polya, Issue 33, 1991, pp. 13–18.     

Mathematical modeling of the dissolving and deposition processes during solution seepage in a porous medium

A mathematical model that describes solution seepage in a porous medium and the processes of mineral dissolving and secondary deposition is proposed. Self-similar solutions describing the motion of the leading and trailing fronts, that is, the boundaries of the complete-dissolving zone, are determined. The main features of the processes under consideration are studied and numerical calculations are performed. It is shown that the model describes well the experimental data on mineral leaching by sulfate solutions. The dynamics of mineral extraction from productive solutions in a medium with a nonuniformacidity distribution are investigated. It is shown that, in the elevated-PH zones, the mineral is dissolved; whereas, in the low-acidity zones, secondary deposition of the mineral occurs. In the latter case, after the work has been completed, the bed may contain more or less considerable mineral resources, depending on the extent of the low-PH zone and its proximity to an extraction well.     

Generation of the Exact Distribution and Simulation of Matched Nucleotide Sequences on a Phylogenetic Tree

Nucleotide sequences are often generated by Monte Carlo simulations to address complex evolutionary or analytic questions but the simulations are rarely described in sufficient detail to allow the research to be replicated. Here we briefly review the Markov processes of substitution in a pair of matching (homologous) nucleotide sequences and then extend it to k matching nucleotide sequences. We describe calculation of the joint distribution of nucleotides of two matching sequences. Based on this distribution, we give a method for simulation of the divergence matrix for n sites using the multinomial distribution. This is then extended to the joint distribution for k nucleotide sequences and the corresponding 4 ^k divergence array, generalizing Felsenstein (Journal of Molecular Evolution, 17, 368–376, 1981), who considered stationary, homogeneous and reversible processes on trees. We give a second method to generate matched sequences that begins with a random ancestral sequence and applies a continuous Markov process to each nucleotide site as in Rambaut and Grassly (Computer Applications in the Biosciences, 13, 235–238, 1997); further, we relate this to an equivalent approach based on an embedded Markov chain. Finally, we describe an approximate method that was recently implemented in a program developed by Jermiin et al. (Applied Bioinformatics, 2, 159–163, 2003). The three methods presented here cater for different computational and mathematical limitations and are shown in an example to produce results close to those expected on theoretical grounds. All methods are implemented using functions in the S-plus or R languages.     

Mathematical and Numerical Simulation of Equilibrium of an Elastic Body Reinforced by a Thin Elastic Inclusion

A boundary value problem describing the equilibrium of a two-dimensional linear elastic body with a thin rectilinear elastic inclusion and possible delamination is considered. The stress and strain state of the inclusion is described using the equations of the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Delamination means the existence of a crack between the inclusion and the elastic matrix. Nonlinear boundary conditions preventing crack face interpenetration are imposed on the crack faces. As a result, problem with an unknown contact domain is obtained. The problem is solved numerically by applying an iterative algorithm based on the domain decomposition method and an Uzawa-type algorithm for solving variational inequalities. Numerical results illustrating the efficiency of the proposed algorithm are presented.     

Using Spreadsheet Simulation to Generate a Distribution of Forecasts for Electric Power Demand

Electric utilities commonly use econometric modelling for energy and power forecasting. In order to accommodate the uncertainties contained in the input variables, such forecasts are frequently made in three parts: a base forecast, assumed to be the most likely, and a high and a low forecast, often arbitrarily spaced on either side of the base forecast, giving a band of possible values for the forecast. Usually, a single point value forecast is then utilized rather than a distribution of possible forecast values. This paper describes how commercially available spreadsheet software was utilized to convert an econometric energy forecast into probabilistic demand and energy forecasts that incorporate weather variation, as well as other uncertain inputs.     

On the Semiclassical Asymptotics of the Current and Magnetic Moment of a Non-Interacting Electron Gas at Zero Temperature in a Strong Constant Magnetic Field

We calculate the asymptotic form of the quantum current and magnetic moment of a non-interacting electron gas at zero temperature. The calculation uses coherent states and a novel commutator identity for the current operator.