c—切MgO：LiNbO3质子交换平板波导中切伦科夫倍频的理论分析

从耦合模方程出发,推导了切伦科夫倍频转换效率公式,并得出该效率主要是由交叠积分决定的结论;通过对交叠积分的计算找到了进一步提高该效率的有效方法;最后用Nd:YAG激光器进行了切伦科夫倍频实验,得到了接近1%的转换效率,增加包层折射率可以使该效率增加到1.3%,实验结果证实了理论分析.     

切伦科夫光斑室

高速带电粒子穿过透明介质时产生切伦科夫辐射.目前常用切伦科夫计数器探测速度阈以上的或一定速度范围内的粒子.我们注意到,当辐射体较薄时,带电粒子产生的切伦科夫辐射会在辐射体的底面形成局部面积和一定形状的照明区.可用位置灵敏的紫外光子探测器记录切伦科夫辐射光子.因而得到切伦科夫光斑,光斑中光子密集于粒子入射点附近.我们认为可以利用这一现象来探测高能粒子,并称之为切伦科夫光斑探测器原理,把这种探测器的多层迭合称为切伦科夫光斑室. 当辐射体较薄时,随着粒子入射的角度不同,沿入射径迹上产生的切伦科夫平行光锥在辐射体底面…     

LiNbO3波导中切伦科夫辐射型的倍频

对条波导中切伦科夫辐射型的倍频作了简要分析，着重分析了产生切伦科夫辐射倍频的，工从实验上实现了条波导中１．０６μｍ红外光到０．５３１ｍ绿光的倍频辐射，转换效率为的０．９％，对应的输入光功率为１０ｍＷ。     

基于切伦科夫辐射的核素治疗剂量测量可行性分析

针对现有核素治疗中内照射剂量测量缺乏简单、高效方法的问题,基于内照射剂量与切伦科夫辐射之间的关系,提出一种基于切伦科夫辐射的核素治疗内照射剂量测量的新方法。利用蒙特卡罗计算程序Geant4,模拟放射性核素131I在水体模型和甲状腺模型中产生切伦科夫辐射与剂量沉积的分布情况,并定量分析切伦科夫光子数与剂量之间的关系。计算结果表明:在水体模的半径方向上切伦科夫光子数与剂量之间有着相同的变化趋势,且两者有着相同的二维分布规律;核素131I在介质中产生的切伦科夫光子数与剂量两者之间存在一定的线性关系,且这种线性关系与核素的分布情况无关。研究结果证实,将这种放射性核素在介质中产生的切伦科夫辐射应用于内照射剂量学具有非常大的研究潜力和价值。     

平板波导中切伦科夫型级联二阶非线性效应的理论分析

用解析的方法详细讨论了平板波导中的切伦科夫型级联二阶非线性效应引起的基波非线性相位移动和基波功率的变化。结果表明，通过选择合适的反转周期，可以得到相当大的基波非线性相位移动（大于π）。由于切伦科夫型非线性器件结构比准相位匹配器件具有更大的容差，并且基波和谐波自然分离，切伦科夫型级联二阶非线性效应引起的基波非线性相位移动在全光开关器件中有着重要的应用。     

基于空间信息改进聚类的切伦科夫荧光图像去噪算法

切伦科夫荧光成像因具有临床上广泛可用的放射性核素探针而成为近年来光学分子影像领域的研究热点,但放射性核素在衰变过程中产生的大量高能射线会造成采集到的切伦科夫荧光图像上存在大量脉冲噪声,严重影响基于切伦科夫荧光图像的定量分析和后续的三维重建等。为了尽可能降低上述噪声,提出了一种结合模糊局部信息C-均值聚类算法和整体变分模型的切伦科夫荧光图像去噪算法。数值仿真、物理仿体以及真实动物实验结果表明:与现阶段广泛使用的中值滤波算法相比,所提去噪算法能够在有效去除噪声的同时保留切伦科夫荧光光源部位的形状细节。     

准相位匹配非线性切连科夫倍频与和频效应

研究了两维光学超晶格光波导中的准相位匹配切连科夫(Cerenkov)倍频与和频效应,利用光学超晶格的不同倒格矢实现了多组准相位匹配切连科夫倍频与和频的同时输出,从理论和实验两个方面探讨了光学微结构材料中非线性切连科夫辐射产生的机制、效应和可能的应用.     

基于14 MeV中子的烧氚历史诊断模拟研究

针对直接测量16.7 MeV进行烧氚历史诊断所需聚变产额高的情况,模拟研究了利用14 MeV中子与副靶作用产生的非弹伽马进行烧氚历史诊断的情况,计算了几种材料14 MeV中子作用产生的次级伽马能谱以及切伦科夫辐射阈能之上的非弹伽马数目,对副靶材料和厚度进行了选择。计算了14 MeV中子产生的切伦科夫光子时间谱,分析了光电转换器件处伽马、电子以及正电子等噪声信号,分析了气体切伦科夫系统测量统计涨落与聚变中子产额之间的关系,确定了气体切伦科夫系统所适用的最低聚变中子产额,通过测量14 MeV中子与副靶产生的非弹伽马进行烧氚历史诊断较直接测量16.7 MeV伽马可将测量所需聚变中子产额降低2个量级。     

分段小信号近似方法研究准相位匹配倍频效率

从PPLN波导微结构出发分析准相位匹配倍频过程中的相位补偿机理,以极化畴为单元,通过耦合波方程计算极化畴内产生的二次谐波电场,通过电场相干叠加计算倍频效率。分别在小信号近似和基频光高消耗情况下计算准相位匹配倍频效率,结果显示：倍频效率小于5％时,两种情况下的计算结果吻合得很好;随着转换效率增大,小信号近似不再适用,需要在基频光高消耗情形下计算倍频效率。研究了基频光功率密度与准相位匹配倍频效率的关系,定性分析了极化周期存在误差时,误差对倍频效率的影响。     

综合研究性实验试题:类切伦科夫辐射综合实验

类比粒子物理中的切伦科夫辐射效应,设计了光学的类切伦科夫辐射综合实验.实验样品为特制的拉细裸单模光纤,拉细光纤放置于高折射率的PDMS溶液中,可观察到激光从光纤泄漏到溶液中的类似于切伦科夫辐射的光锥现象.实验要求学生结合背景介绍推导相关公式,并且搭建实验装置观察光学切伦科夫辐射,通过测量辐射角推算不同体积配比溶液的折射率和探测灵敏度.试题包含了基本理论推导、实验装置搭建、数据测量和处理分析,可以全面考察大学生的综合物理水平.     

传输损耗对条形波导中切伦科夫倍频的影响

基于耦合模理论,分析了考虑传输损耗的条皮导中切伦科夫（Cherenkov)二次谐波（SHG）的问题。结果表明,转换效率具有指数性质和饱和性质。这一结果不同于未考虑传输损耗时转换效率所具有的线性性质,这对于切伦科夫频率倍频器的研制中参数的优化具有重要的意义。     

Approximately analytical optimization of Cherenkov cascading second order nonlinear effects in a dissipative waveguide

The coupled-mode equation in dissipative waveguides in Cherenkov configuration has been detailedly discussed for the first time, to our knowledge. Based on this equation, Cherenkov second harmonic generation (SHG) and Cherenkov nonlinear phase shift (NPS) caused by Cherenkov cascading second order nonlinear (CSON) effects have been analyzed and optimized comprehensively and systematically by an analytical method, taking into account both the conversion depletion and the waveguide loss, and the analytical expressions for Cherenkov SHG and NPS has been presented. The dependence of the NPS and the conversion efficiency on varied parameters, such as the waveguide thickness, the fundamental wavelength, the input fundamental power and the temperature, has been discussed completely. The results show that a large enough NPS (>10π) can be attained for nondissipative waveguides with a very small depletion of the fundamental power, at the same time, this Cherenkov CSON configuration has some advantages over the quasi-phase matching CSON configuration, e.g., the much looser tolerances of the waveguide parameters and the noncollinear feature of the fundamental wave and the second harmonic wave, these characteristics make the Cherenkov CSON configuration a promising direction to realize all-optical devices.     

Resonant third harmonic generation of a short pulse laser in plasma by applying a wiggler magnetic field

We examine the effect of wiggler magnetic field on pulse slippage of short pulse laser-induced third harmonic generation in plasma. The process of third harmonic generation of an intense short pulse laser in plasma is resonantly enhanced by the application of a magnetic wiggler. The laser exerts a ponderomotive force at second harmonic driving density oscillations. The second harmonic oscillations coupled with electron velocity at the laser frequency, produces a non-linear current, driving the third harmonic. Third harmonic pulse generates in the fundamental pulse domain. However, the group velocity of the third harmonic wave is greater than the fundamental wave. Hence, the third harmonic pulse saturates strongly and moves forward from the fundamental pulse at shorter distance than the second harmonic pulse.     

超短脉冲倍频中三阶非线性效应的影响及补偿

 为了提高超短脉冲二倍频的转换效率和改善出射倍频光的脉冲形状,对超短脉冲倍频中三阶非线性效应的影响进行了理论分析和数值模拟,并采用初始相位失配的方法来补偿三阶非线性效应的影响。结果表明：用KDP晶体二倍频中心波长为800 nm的超短脉冲,当入射功率密度大于100 GW/cm²时,三阶非线性效应是倍频转换效率的主要影响因素。对脉宽为50 fs,入射功率密度为250 GW/cm²的超短脉冲在KDP晶体（2 mm）中的二次谐波变换,当初始相位失谐0.9 mrad时,转换效率提高了10%,同时由三阶非线性效应引起的强度调制得到明显抑制,出射基频光和倍频光的脉冲形状得到明显改善。     

Multiferroic domain dynamics in strained strontium titanate

Multiferroicity can be induced in strontium titanate by applying biaxial strain. Using optical second harmonic generation, we report a transition from 4/mmm to the ferroelectric mm2 phase, followed by a transition to a ferroelastic-ferroelectric mm2 phase in a strontium titanate thin film. Piezoelectric force microscopy is used to study ferroelectric domain switching. Second harmonic generation, combined with phase-field modeling, is used to reveal the mechanism of coupled ferroelectric-ferroelastic domain wall motion. These studies have relevance to multiferroics with coupled polar and axial phenomena.     

Photonic band-gap enhanced second-harmonic generation in a planar lithium niobate waveguide

Enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency was theoretically predicted in waveguide geometry with coupling to a one-dimensional grating photonic band gap (PBG). We report a series of experiments using samples made with lithium niobate. A waveguide was fabricated near the surface by applying the proton-exchange technique. The characteristics of waveguide modes were determined by several techniques: prism coupling, diffraction, and Cherenkov radiation. The WKB method was used to analyze the results. Ultraviolet laser lithography was applied to make PBG gratings on the sample. We further investigated Cherenkov second-harmonic generation (CSHG), i.e., SHG radiated into the substrate, under the condition of a band-edge PBG resonance in the waveguides. The SHG inside planar waveguides was also experimentally investigated. We fabricated waveguides with multiple pump modes and found that the second mode was more efficient in enhancing the second harmonic signal. This result is explained by our model. Several samples were investigated in detail; the highest conversion efficiency of CSHG with a PBG was enhanced around 50 times above the CSHG signal without a PBG. A numerical model was constructed with parameters calculated from our sample characterization data to interpret the experimental results.     

Experimental and theoretical study of harmonic generation at contacting interface

The second harmonic generation behavior of a contacting interface has been evaluated experimentally and discussed theoretically in the light of a nonlinear interface model. Two aluminum blocks were mated together to constitute a contact interface and subjected to normal compressive loading. A 5 MHz longitudinal toneburst wave was sent to the interface in the normal direction and the transmitted wave was recorded, from which the fundamental and the second harmonic components were extracted. A nonlinearity parameter was obtained as the ratio of the second harmonic amplitude to the squared fundamental amplitude. From the measured contact pressure dependence of the transmitted fundamental amplitude, the linear and the second-order interfacial stiffness parameters were identified, which enabled the evaluation of the nonlinearity parameter based on the theoretical model. The theoretical contact pressure dependence of the nonlinearity parameter was found to be in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results.     

Parametric wave interaction in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal with randomized distribution of second-order nonlinearity

We theoretically study the parametric wave interaction in nonlinear optical media with randomized distribution of the quadratic nonlinearity $\chi ^{(2)}$ . In particular, we discuss the properties of second and cascaded third harmonic generation. We derive analytical formulas describing emission properties of such harmonics in the presence of $\chi ^{(2)}$ disorder and show that the latter process is governed by the characteristics of the constituent processes, i.e. second harmonic generation and sum frequency mixing. We demonstrate the role of randomness on various second and third harmonic generation regimes such as Raman?CNath and ?erenkov nonlinear diffraction. We show that the randomness-induced incoherence in the wave interaction leads to deterioration of conversion efficiency and angular spreading of harmonic generated in the processes relying on transverse phase matching such as Raman?CNath interaction. On the other hand, the ?erenkov frequency generation is basically insensitive to the domain randomness.     

Evolution of Dark Spatial Soliton in Quasi-phase-matched Quadratic Media

We theoretically investigate the evolvement of dark spatial soliton with cascading quadratic nonlinearity in quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation. It is shown that the dark solitary wave can propagate stably when background intensity is large enough, in which diffraction of beam can be balanced by the cascading quadratic nonlinearity. We also analyze the influence of phase-mismatch on the stability of dark soliton propagation.     

Dark Spatial Solitary Wave Due to Cascaded x(2) Nonlinearity

The formation of the dark spatial solitary wave in cascaded second harmonic generation processes is numerically studied based on the nonlinear-coupled equations. It is shown that the solitary wave exists when the effective three-order nonlinearity induced by cascaded second-order nonlinearity is negative.